Urinary excretions of 34 dietary polyphenols and their. associations with lifestyle factors in the EPIC cohort study

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1 Supplementary material Urinary excretions of 34 dietary polyphenols and their associations with lifestyle factors in the EPIC cohort study Raul Zamora-Ros, David Achaintre, Joseph A. Rothwell, Sabina Rinaldi, Nada Assi, Pietro Ferrari, Michael Leitzmann, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Guy Fagherazzi, Aurélie Auffret, Tilman Kühn, Verena Katzke, Heiner Boeing, Antonia Trichopoulou, Androniki Naska, Effie Vasilopoulou, Domenico Palli, Sara Grioni, Amalia Mattiello, Rosario Tumino, Fulvio Ricceri, Nadia Slimani, Isabelle Romieu, Augustin Scalbert

2 Supplementary Table 1a. Urinary polyphenol concentrations by study centre in the EPIC cohort. Florence (n=45) Varese (n=51) Ragusa (n=17) Turin (n=42) Naples (n=20) Urinary polyphenols (μmol/24h) N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th 4-Hydroxybenzoic Hydroxybenzoic Protocatechuic Gallic Vanillic ,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Gallic ethyl ester Hydroxyphenylacetic Hydroxyphenylacetic ,4-Dihydroxiphenylacetic Homovanillic ,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic ,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic p-coumaric m-coumaric Caffeic Ferulic Kaempferol Quercetin Isorhamnetin Apigenin Naringenin Hesperetin Daidzein

3 Genistein Equol Phloretin (+)-Catechin (-)-Epicatechin Resveratrol Tyrosol Hydroxytyrosol Enterodiol Enterolactone

4 Supplementary Table 1b. Urinary polyphenol concentrations by study centre in the EPIC cohort. Urinary polyphenols (μmol/24h) Greece (n=56) Ile-de-France (n=67) Heidelberg (n=59) Potsdam (n=118) Fold change P-value N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th 4-Hydroxybenzoic < Hydroxybenzoic Protocatechuic <0.001 Gallic <0.001 Vanillic < ,5-Dihydroxybenzoic <0.001 Gallic ethyl ester < Hydroxyphenylacetic < Hydroxyphenylacetic < ,4-Dihydroxiphenylacetic <0.001 Homovanillic < ,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic < ,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic <0.001 p-coumaric <0.001 m-coumaric <0.001 Caffeic <0.001 Ferulic <0.001 Kaempferol <0.001 Quercetin <0.001 Isorhamnetin <0.001 Apigenin <0.001 Naringenin <0.001 Hesperetin Daidzein

5 Genistein <0.001 Equol <0.001 Phloretin <0.001 (+)-Catechin <0.001 (-)-Epicatechin <0.001 Resveratrol Tyrosol <0.001 Hydroxytyrosol <0.001 Enterodiol <0.001 Enterolactone <0.001 Significant P value <0.001 (0.05/35) using Kruskal-Wallis test

6 Supplementary Table 2. Urinary polyphenol concentrations by sex in the EPIC cohort Urinary polyphenols (μmol/24h) Men Women Fold change P- value N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th 4-Hydroxybenzoic < Hydroxybenzoic Protocatechuic Gallic Vanillic < ,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Gallic ethyl ester Hydroxyphenylacetic < Hydroxyphenylacetic ,4-Dihydroxiphenylacetic <0.001 Homovanillic < ,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic ,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic p-coumaric <0.001 m-coumaric Caffeic Ferulic <0.001 Kaempferol Quercetin <0.001 Isorhamnetin Apigenin Naringenin <0.001 Hesperetin <0.001 Daidzein Genistein Equol Phloretin (-)-Epicatechin (+)-Catechin Resveratrol Tyrosol <0.001 Hydroxytyrosol Enterodiol Enterolactone Significant P value <0.001 (0.05/35) using Kruskal-Wallis test

7 Supplementary Table 3. Urinary polyphenol concentrations by the highest educational level in the EPIC cohort Urinary polyphenols (μmol/24h) None and primary school Technical and secondary school University N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th Fold change 4-Hydroxybenzoic < Hydroxybenzoic Protocatechuic Gallic <0.001 Vanillic ,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Gallic ethyl ester Hydroxyphenylacetic Hydroxyphenylacetic ,4-Dihydroxiphenylacetic Homovanillic ,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic ,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic p-coumaric m-coumaric Ferulic Caffeic Kaempferol Quercetin Isorhamnetin Apigenin Naringenin Hesperetin Daidzein <0.001 P-value

8 Genistein Equol Phloretin (+)-Catechin (-)-Epicatechin Resveratrol Tyrosol Hydroxytyrosol Enterodiol Enterolactone <0.001 Significant P value <0.001 (0.05/35) using Kruskal-Wallis test

9 Supplementary Table 4. Urinary polyphenol concentrations by total energy intake in the EPIC cohort Urinary polyphenols (μmol/24h) <1780kcal/d kcal/d >2375kcal/d Fold P- N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th change value 4-Hydroxybenzoic Hydroxybenzoic Protocatechuic <0.001 Gallic Vanillic < ,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Gallic ethyl ester Hydroxyphenylacetic < Hydroxyphenylacetic ,4-Dihydroxiphenylacetic Homovanillic < ,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic ,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic p-coumaric <0.001 m-coumaric Caffeic Ferulic <0.001 Kaempferol Quercetin Isorhamnetin Apigenin Naringenin Hesperetin Daidzein Genistein

10 Equol <0.001 Phloretin (+)-Catechin (-)-Epicatechin Resveratrol Tyrosol Hydroxytyrosol Enterodiol Enterolactone Significant P value <0.001 (0.05/35) using Kruskal-Wallis test

11 Supplementary Table 5. Urinary polyphenol concentrations by baseline alcohol intake in the EPIC cohort Urinary polyphenols (μmol/24h) <0.1g/d g/d >20g/d Fold P- N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th N Median 10th 90th change value 4-Hydroxybenzoic Hydroxybenzoic Protocatechuic <0.001 Gallic <0.001 Vanillic ,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Gallic ethyl ester < Hydroxyphenylacetic < Hydroxyphenylacetic ,4-Dihydroxiphenylacetic <0.001 Homovanillic < ,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic ,5-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic p-coumaric <0.001 m-coumaric <0.001 Ferulic <0.001 Caffeic <0.001 Kaempferol Quercetin Isorhamnetin Apigenin Naringenin Hesperetin Daidzein

12 Genistein Equol Phloretin (+)-Catechin <0.001 (-)-Epicatechin Resveratrol <0.001 Tyrosol <0.001 Hydroxytyrosol <0.001 Enterodiol Enterolactone

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