Wipe Away the Notoriety: Sustainable Forest Management Policy in the Context of Sarawak Society

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1 * Wipe Away the Notoriety: Sustainable Forest Management Policy in the Context of Sarawak Society FJ?>I6 Wataru* Southeast Asia has a rich ecosystem of tropical forest that has been rapidly degraded. Malaysian Sarawak, like other areas in Southeast Asia, is the target of international criticism for commercial logging that causes deforestation and destroys native people s livelihood. In fact, Sarawak still maintains a large portion of forested area and deforestation is not rapid compared to other areas in Southeast Asia. Abuse of minority people, who depend on the forests, through logging and development projects, is also commonly found in Southeast Asia. Therefore, it seems that commercial logging in Sarawak has been among the most criticized in Southeast Asia not only because of its environment impact, but also because of Sarawak s social and political framework. This article examines the socio-political structure in relation to forest resources in Sarawak and considers recent changes in both NGO and government policy. Since the late s, the Penan, a native people in the Upper Baram and Limban river basin, have blockaded logging roads to protest commercial logging. This movement attracted the commitment of foreign environmental activists to the international antilogging campaign. Domestic NGOs alone were not powerful and easily suppressed by the government. The urban middle class is divided into ethnic clusters. Therefore, environmental degradation and the thread to Penan s livelihood caused by the commercial logging did not become a public issue in Sarawak, and the Penan had to rely on foreign activists. Recently some changes are apparent. In the s, the Sarawak government introduced a Sustainable Forest Management policy, including application for MTCC timber certification that actually started in. NGOs and the native people s movement have shifted from physical methods, such as blockades, to waging legal battles, and more local NGOs are assisting native people. A major issue is still the government policy that does not recognize native customary rights in the natural forests. But it is also necessary to find temporary and practical solutions to improve native livelihood. For that purpose, persistent dialogue among all concerned should be continued. Keywords: Sarawak, forestry, sustainable forest management, forest certification, politics Faculty of Letters, Konan Women s University, Morikita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan watarufujita yahoo.co.jp 255

2 NGO NGO : ; Jomo et al. : Cooke Jomo et al. Pinkaew Wrangham Hong ; Jomo et al. ; Ross ; Leigh 256

3 ibid.: Cooke NGO I I Land Code 257

4 I Totally Protected Area Permanent Forest Estate Stateland Forest National Park Wildlife Sanctuary Forest Ordinance Forest Reserve Protected Forest ha ha ha ha ha Sarawak Forest Department AR II II FAO Forest Management Part II Part III 258

5 Unit m ibid. FAO km km FAO FAO m Ross : ibid.: * Forest Reserve Protected Forest Permanent Forest Estate ** Timber and Fuel Sawlogs Hewn Timber 259

6 II Sarawak Forestry Corporation: SFC AbdulTaib AbdulRahman Yaakub Abdul Taib ha Abdul Rahman Yaakub ha : III III Bruno Manser 260

7 a b c d e f NGO IDEAL III Bruno Manser Sahabat Alam Malaysia: SAM NGO Bruno Manser Bruno Manser James Ritchie 261

8 Bruno Manser Peter Faigl ibid.:, SAM Bruno Manser Bruno Manser Fund ibid.: III Manser : EU Ross : : 262

9 IDEAL Samling Plywood n. d. NGO Ritchie : SAM Bruno Manser, Manser biosphere reserves Jabatan Pembangunan Negeri et al. Jayl Langub : Jayl 263

10 ibid.: III Bruno Manser Abdul Taib SAM Harrison Ngau Jayum and King :, 264

11 NGO SAM III Baru Bian Baru Bian SAM Harrison Ngau 265

12 NGO GPS High Court pemakai menoa Appeal Court IV IV ITTO MTCC Sustainable Forest Management International Tropical Timber Organization: ITTO m m Mission Established Pursuant to Resolution I IV SUIT NO. I 266

13 m ha ha ha ha Poore : Malaysian Timber Certification Council MTCC MTCC Forest Stewardship Council FSC FSC Malaysia Criteria and Indicators MTCC FSC FSC special significance FSC NGO Saml- ITTO 267

14 ing Plywood BARAMAS SDN BHD Sela an Linau NGO IV FAO SAM Thomas Jarong SFC Henry Chan SFC Elbson Majaran Director, Sustainable Forestry and Compliance SFC Sarawak Timber Association STA Barney Chan SFC STA Barney Chan STA Barney Chan 268

15 ITTO IV NGO NGO MTCC NGO Jaringan Orang Asal NGO Tentang Isu Hutan JOANGOHutan MTCC MTCC JOANGOHutan JOANGOHutan STA Barney Chan S. K. Chan STA Barney Chan SFC Elbson Majaran FAO ITTO STA Barney Chan SFC Elbson Majaran MTCC 269

16 MTCC JOANGOHutan n.d. NGO MTCC JOANGOHutan JOANGOHutan MTCC MTCC FSC FSC JOANGOHutan FSC JOANGOHutan IV ITTO MTCC NGO MTCC Rengah Sarawak. January NGO MTCC FSC 270

17 NGO MTCC MTCC NGO V Bruno Manser NGO 271

18 ITTO NGO FAO Bruno Manser ITTO ITTO PFE MTCC MTCC MTCC MTCC MTCC NGO samacha khon chon Praphat NGO Wrangham 272

19 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO SAM NGO NGO 273

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