Homer s Iliad Book II: The Great Gathering of Armies A New Translation with Text and Commentary

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1 From the SelectedWorks of E. H. Campbell Winter March 14, 2018 Homer s Iliad Book II: The Great Gathering of Armies A New Translation with Text and Commentary Edward H Campbell This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY International License. Available at: 87/

2 1 A New Translation with Text and Commentary, by E. H. Campbell Draft 1.0, March 2018 Selected Works of E. H. Campbell: Steamboat Springs, CO

3 2 Copyright 2018 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

4 3 Iliad Book II The Great Gathering of Armies 1 1 Homeri Opera in five volumes, Oxford, Oxford University Press, The text here is the same as the Oxford version though I have radically altered the capitalization and punctuation of that document to suit my purposes, neither of which are sacred.

5 4 Ἄλλοι μέν ῥα Θεοί 2 τε καὶ ἀνέρες 3 ἱπποκορυσταὶ 4 εὗδον 5 παννύχιοι, 6 Δία 7 δ οὐκ ἔχε 8 νήδυμος 9 ὕπνος, 10 ἀλλ ὅ γε μερμήριζε 11 κατὰ φρένα 12 ὡς Ἀχιλῆα 13 τιμήσῃ, 14 ὀλέσῃ 15 δὲ πολέας 16 ἐπὶ νηυσὶν 17 Ἀχαιῶν. 18 (5) Ἥδε 19 δέ οἱ 20 κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο 21 βουλή, 22 πέμψαι ἐπ 23 Ἀτρεΐδῃ 24 Ἀγαμέμνονι 25 οὖλον 26 ὄνειρον. 27 Καί μιν φωνήσας 28 ἔπεα 29 πτερόεντα προσηύδα masc. nom. pl. of Θεός, God. 3 masc. nom. pl. of ἀνήρ, a man. 4 masc. nom. pl. of ἱπποκορυστής, arranger of chariots, charioteer, to have or furnish horses. 5 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εὕδω, to sleep. 6 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of παννύχιος, all night long. 7 masc. acc. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 8 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἔχω, to have, or to hold; to bear, to carry, or to bring. 9 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of νήδυμος, sweet, delightful; the kind of sleep from which one rises not, sound sleep. 10 masc. nom. sing. of ὕπνος, sleep, or slumber. 11 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μερμηρίζω, to be full of cares, to be anxious or thoughtful, to be in doubt. (Liddell and Scott) 12 fem. acc. sing. of φρήν, the midriff or muscle which parts the heart and lungs, viscera thoracis, from the lower viscera, abdominis. (Liddell and Scott) 13 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀχιλλεύς, Achilles. 14 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of τιμάω, to honor, or to revere. 15 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of ὄλλυμι, to destroy, make an end of. 16 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of πολύς, many. 17 fem. dat. pl. of ναῦς, a ship. 18 Adj., masc. of Ἀχαιός, an Achaean. 19 Pron., fem. nom. sing. of ὅδε, this. 20 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἕ, himself, herself, itself. 21 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of φαίνω, to bring to light, make to appear; to show, or to reveal; to make clear, explain, expound. 22 fem. nom. sing. of βουλή, the will, or its determination; a counsel, piece of advice, plan, design. 23 Prep. (ἐπί) + dat., upon, against, towards. 24 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀτρείδης, son of Atreus. 25 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων, Agamemnon. 26 neut. sing. of οὖλος, destructive, baneful, cruel; a nightmare. 27 neut. sing. of ὄνειρος, a dream. 28 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of φωνέω, to produce a sound, to speak, to call, to call by name. 29 neut. pl. of ἔπος, 30 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of προσαυδάω, to speak to, or to address someone.

6 5 All the others, the Gods and the charioteers, slept all night long, But sweet sleep held Zeus not for he was anxious at heart, About how to honor Achilles, and how to destroy many men Beside the Achaean ships In his heart it seemed the best plan was to send a destructive dream To Agamemnon son of Atreus. And calling him by name he addressed him with winged-words.

7 6 Βάσκ 31 ἴθι 32 οὖλε 33 ὄνειρε 34 θοὰς 35 ἐπὶ νῆας 36 Ἀχαιῶν. Ἐλθὼν 37 ἐς κλισίην 38 Ἀγαμέμνονος 39 Ἀτρεΐδαο 40 (10) πάντα 41 μάλ ἀτρεκέως 42 ἀγορευέμεν 43 ὡς ἐπιτέλλω. 44 Θωρῆξαί 45 ἑ κέλευε 46 κάρη 47 κομόωντας 48 Ἀχαιοὺς πανσυδίῃ. 49 Νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοι 50 πόλιν 51 εὐρυάγυιαν 52 Τρώων, 53 οὐ γὰρ ἔτ ἀμφὶς 54 Ὀλύμπια 55 δώματ 56 ἔχοντες 57 ἀθάνατοι 58 φράζονται. 59 Ἐπέγναμψεν 60 γὰρ ἅπαντας 61 (15) Ἥρη λισσομένη, 62 Τρώεσσι 63 δὲ κήδε 64 ἐφῆπται nd sing. pres. act. imper. of βάσκω, speed thee away! 32 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of εἶμι, to go. 33 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of οὖλος. 34 masc. voc. sing. of ὄνειρος. 35 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of θοός, swift, quick, nimble. 36 fem. acc. pl. of ναῦς. 37 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἔρχομαι, to come, or to go. 38 fem. acc. sing. of κλισία, a place for lying down; a hut, a cot, or a cabin. 39 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων. 40 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀτρείδης. 41 Adj., neut. pl. of πᾶς, all. 42 Adv. (ἀτρεκής), strictly, precisely, or exactly. 43 pres. act. inf. of ἀγορεύω, to speak in an assembly, harangue, to speak to. 44 1st sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐπιτέλλω, to lay upon, enjoin, prescribe, ordain, or to command. 45 aor. act. inf. of θωρήσσω, to arm, or to get under arms. 46 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of κελεύω, to urge or drive on, urge, exhort, bid, command, order. 47 neut. pl. of κάρα, the head. 48 masc. acc. pl. pres. act. part. of κομάω, to let the hair grow long. 49 Adv., with all speed. 50 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of αἱρέω, to seize with the hand, to grasp; to take by force, to take a city. 51 fem. acc. sing. of πόλις, a city. 52 fem. acc. sing. of εὐρυάγυια, with wide streets. 53 masc. gen. pl. of Τρώς, Tros, the founder of Troy; a Trojan. 54 Adv., on both sides, around, round about. 55 Adj., neut. pl. of Ὀλύμπιος, Olympian, of Olympus, dwelling on Olympus. 56 neut. pl. of δῶμα, a house. 57 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of ἔχω. 58 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἀθάνατος, undying, deathless, immortal. 59 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of φράζω, to point out, or to show, or to indicate; to counsel or advise; in Mid. and Pass. to indicate to oneself, i.e. to think or muse upon, consider, ponder, debate; to think of, purpose, contrive, devise, design. (Liddell and Scott) 60 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐπιγνάμπτω, to bend towards one; metaph. to bow or bend to one's purpose. (Liddell and Scott) 61 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of ἅπας, quite all, the whole; in pl. all together. 62 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of λίσσομαι, to beg, pray, entreat, beseech. 63 masc. dat. pl. of Τρώς. 64 neut. pl. of κῆδος, trouble, sorrow; mostly in pl. troubles. (Liddell and Scott) 65 3rd sing. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ἐφάπτω, to bind on or to; in Mid. to lay hold of, grasp, reach; to lay hold of with the mind, attain to. (Liddell and Scott)

8 7 O Dire and Dreadful Dream, Go at once! Go beside the swift ships of the Achaeans. Go to the hut of Agamemnon son of Atreus, Tell him everything exactly as I describe it to you. Urge him to get the Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long Under arms as quickly as possible, For the City of the Wide Streets of the Trojans, Can now be seized, for the Immortals dwelling Olympian abodes Are no longer divided as to purpose, For Hera s entreaties has bent them all to her purpose, And sorrow shall be known to the Trojans.

9 8 Ὣς φάτο. 66 Βῆ 67 δ ἄρ ὄνειρος ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον 68 ἄκουσε, 69 καρπαλίμως δ ἵκανε 70 θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν, βῆ δ ἄρ ἐπ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα, τὸν δὲ κίχανεν 71 εὕδοντ 72 ἐν κλισίῃ, περὶ δ ἀμβρόσιος 73 κέχυθ 74 ὕπνος. (20) Στῆ 75 δ ἄρ ὑπὲρ 76 κεφαλῆς Νηληΐῳ 77 υἷι 78 ἐοικώς 79 Νέστορι. 80 Τόν ῥα μάλιστα γερόντων 81 τῖ 82 Ἀγαμέμνων. Τῷ 83 μιν ἐεισάμενος 84 προσεφώνεε 85 θεῖος 86 ὄνειρος. Εὕδεις 87 Ἀτρέος 88 υἱὲ 89 δαΐφρονος 90 ἱπποδάμοιο rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of φημί. 67 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω, to walk, step, properly of motion on foot; to go away, or to depart. (Liddell and Scott) 68 masc. acc. sing. of μῦθος, a tale, a story; anything, delivered by word of mouth, word, speech; counsel, advice, a command, order. 69 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀκούω, to hear; to listen to, to give ear to, to hearken to. 70 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἱκάνω, to come, to come to, to arrive at. 71 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κιχάνω, to reach, to hit, or to light upon; to meet with, or to find. 72 masc. dat. sing. pres. act. part. of εὕδω. 73 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀμβρόσιος, immortal or divine; night and sleep are called ambrosial, divine, as gifts of the Gods; so of everything belonging to the Gods, as their hair, robes, sandals, the fodder and the mangers of their horses. (Liddell and Scott) 74 3rd sing. perf. mid./pass. ind. of χέω, to pour, or to pour out, to shed tears, in Pass. to become liquid, melt, thaw; in Perf. Pass. κέχυμαι, to be wholly engaged in. (Liddell and Scott) 75 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι, to make to stand. 76 Prep. + gen., over, above, or beyond; from the notion of standing over to protect, for, for defense of, in behalf of; for the sake of a person or thing. 77 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of Νηλεύς, Neleus father of Nestor. 78 masc. dat. sing. of υἱός, a son. 79 masc. nom. sing. perf. act. part. of ἔοικα, to be like, or to look like. 80 masc. dat. sing. of Νέστωρ, Nestor. 81 masc. gen. pl. of γέρων, an old man. 82 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of τίω, to pay honor to a person. 83 Art., neut. dat. sing. of ὁ. 84 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of εἴδομαι, to be visible, or to appear; to appear or seem to be. 85 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of προσφωνέω, to call to or to speak to, to address or accost someone. 86 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of Θεῖος, of or from the Gods, sent by the Gods, issuing from them, divine. 87 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. of εὕδω. 88 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀτρεύς, Atreus. 89 masc. voc. sing. of υἱός. 90 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of δαίφρων, warlike, brave, hostile; also wise, intelligent, or experienced. (Giles, John Allen, A Lexicon of the Greek Language, London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans: 1840) 91 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἱππόδαμος, tamer of horses.

10 9 And thus he spoke, And after he had heard the command, the Dream left, And quickly arrived at the swift Achaean ships, And walked in upon Agamemnon son of Atreus, And he found him in his hut sleeping, And he was wholly engaged in an immortal slumber. And he stood above his head in the likeness of Nestor, son of Neleus. Agamemnon honored him most out of all the other old men. It appeared to him to be a dream sent by the Gods. You are sleeping O son of Atreus, Wise Tamer of Horses.

11 10 Οὐ χρὴ 92 παννύχιον 93 εὕδειν. 94 Βουληφόρον 95 ἄνδρα 96 (25) ᾧ 97 λαοί 98 τ ἐπιτετράφαται 99 καὶ τόσσα 100 μέμηλε. 101 Νῦν δ ἐμέθεν 102 ξύνες 103 ὦκα. 104 Διὸς 105 δέ τοι ἄγγελός 106 εἰμι. 107 Ὃς σεῦ 108 ἄνευθεν 109 ἐὼν 110 μέγα κήδεται 111 ἠδ 112 ἐλεαίρει. 113 Θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε 114 κάρη 115 κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς πανσυδίῃ. Νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις 116 πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν (30) Τρώων, οὐ γὰρ ἔτ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματ ἔχοντες ἀθάνατοι φράζονται. Ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδε ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός. 92 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of χρή, it is fated, it is necessary. 93 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of παννύχιος. 94 pres. act. inf. of εὕδω. 95 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of βουληφόρος, counselling, or advising. 96 masc. acc. sing. of ἀνήρ. 97 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ὅς, his, her, its. 98 masc. nom. pl. of λαός, men. 99 3rd pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ἐπιτρέπω, to turn towards; to turn over to, to commit or entrust to another as trustee, guardian, or vicegerent; to trust, or to rely upon; in Mid. to entrust oneself, leave one's case to; to give up to yield. (Liddell and Scott) 100 Adj., neut. pl. of τόσος, so great, so vast, so long, so much, so far, so very rd sing. perf. act. ind. of μέλω, to be an object of care or thought to anyone; to care for. 102 Pron., 1st masc. gen. sing. of ἐγώ nd sing. aor. act. imper. of συνίημι, to bring or set together; metaph. to perceive, hear; to understand. 104 Adv., quickly, swiftly, fast. 105 masc. gen. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 106 masc. nom. sing. of ἄγγελος, messenger, envoy; divine messenger, Angel st sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 108 Pron., 2nd gen. sing. of σύ. 109 Prep. + gen., without; far away, distant. 110 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of εἰμί rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of κήδω, to trouble, to distress, or to vex. 112 Conj., and rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐλεαίρω, to take pity upon rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κελεύω rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of κείρω nd sing. aor. act. opt. of αἱρέω.

12 11 It is not necessary to sleep all night long. The men entrust themselves to a thoughtful man, and there is so much for him to worry about. Now listen to me quick. I am an Angel, a messenger of God. He being distant is in great distress and he takes pity on you. He urges you to get the Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long Under arms as quickly as possible, For right now you can seize the City of the Wide Streets of the Trojans, Because the Immortals dwelling in Olympian abodes are no longer divided as to purpose. For Hera s entreaties has bent them all to her purpose, And sorrow shall be known to the Trojans, from God.

13 12 Ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν 117 ἔχε 118 φρεσί, 119 μηδέ σε λήθη 120 αἱρείτω 121 εὖτ 122 ἄν σε μελίφρων 123 ὕπνος ἀνήῃ. 124 (35) Ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας 125 ἀπεβήσετο, 126 τὸν δὲ λίπ 127 αὐτοῦ τὰ φρονέοντ 128 ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἅ 129 ῥ οὐ τελέεσθαι 130 ἔμελλον. 131 Φῆ 132 γὰρ ὅ γ αἱρήσειν 133 Πριάμου 134 πόλιν ἤματι 135 κείνῳ 136 νήπιος, 137 οὐδὲ τὰ ᾔδη 138 ἅ ῥα Ζεὺς μήδετο 139 ἔργα. Θήσειν 140 γὰρ ἔτ ἔμελλεν 141 ἐπ ἄλγεά 142 τε στοναχάς 143 τε (40) Τρωσί 144 τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι 145 διὰ κρατερὰς 146 ὑσμίνας Adj., fem. dat. pl. of σός, thy, thine nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἔχω. 119 fem. dat. pl. of φρήν. 120 fem. nom. sing. of λήθη, forgetting, forgetfulness rd sing. pres. act. imper. of αἱρέω. 122 Conj. (εὖτε), when, at the time when; whenever, so often as; Causal, since, seeing that. 123 masc. nom. sing. of μελίφρων, sweet to the mind rd sing. aor. act. subj. of ἀνίημι, to send up or forth, to send back. 125 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of φωνέω, to produce a sound; properly of men, to speak loud or clearly, or simply to speak rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀποβαίνω, to step off from a place, to depart rd sing. aor. act. ind. of λείπω, to leave, or to quit; to leave behind. 128 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of φρονέω, to think, to have understanding, to be sage, to wise, or prudent; to be minded in a certain way, to mean, intend, purpose. (Liddell and Scott) 129 Pron., neut. pl. of ὅς. 130 fut. mid. inf. of τελέω, to complete, fulfil, accomplish, and, generally, to execute, perform. (Liddell and Scott) 131 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of μέλλω, to be destined; to think of doing, intend to do, to be about to do; to express a certainty rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of φημί. 133 fut. act. inf. of αἱρέω. 134 masc. gen. sing. of Πρίαμος, Priam, king of Troy. 135 neut. dat. sing. of ἦμαρ, day. 136 Adj., neut. dat. sing. of ἐκεῖνος, that thing. 137 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of νήπιος, childish, silly rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of οἶδα, to know rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of μήδομαι, to be minded, to intend, or to resolve. 140 fut. act. inf. of τίθημι, to set, to put, or to place rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μέλλω. 142 neut. pl. of ἄλγος, pain of body; pain of mind, either grief or distress. 143 fem. acc. pl. of στοναχή, a groaning, or a wailing. 144 masc. dat. pl. of Τρώς. 145 masc. dat. pl. of Δαναοί, the Danaäns. 146 Adj., fem. acc. pl. κρατερός, strong, stout, or mighty. 147 fem. acc. pl. of ὑσμίνη, a fight, a battle, or a combat.

14 13 And hold this in your heart, and do not be seized by forgetfulness When you come back from your sweet sleep. And having thus spoken, he departed and left him thinking about things for himself, About the things in his heart which were not destined to be fulfilled. For a silly man would think he was going to seize the city of Priam on that very day, And did not know what Zeus had in mind. For as yet he intended to put pain and suffering on both The Trojans and the Danaäns by means of mighty battles.

15 14 Ἔγρετο 148 δ ἐξ ὕπνου, 149 Θείη 150 δέ μιν ἀμφέχυτ 151 ὀμφή, 152 ἕζετο 153 δ ὀρθωθείς, 154 μαλακὸν 155 δ ἔνδυνε 156 χιτῶνα 157 καλὸν 158 νηγάτεον, 159 περὶ δὲ μέγα βάλλετο 160 φᾶρος, 161 ποσσὶ 162 δ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν 163 ἐδήσατο 164 καλὰ πέδιλα, 165 (45) ἀμφὶ 166 δ ἄρ ὤμοισιν 167 βάλετο 168 ξίφος 169 ἀργυρόηλον, 170 εἵλετο 171 δὲ σκῆπτρον 172 πατρώϊον 173 ἄφθιτον 174 αἰεὶ σὺν τῷ ἔβη 175 κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἐγείρω, to awaken, wake up, rouse. 149 masc. gen. sing. of ὕπνος. 150 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of Θεῖος rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀμφιχέω, to pour around, to pour or to spread over; of persons, to embrace. 152 fem. nom. sing. of ὀμφή, voice rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕζομαι, to seat oneself, to sit. 154 masc. nom. sing. aor. pass. part. of ὀρθόω, to set straight, to set upright; to erect or to build. 155 masc. acc. sing. of μαλακός, soft rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἐνδύω, to go into; of clothes, to put on. 157 masc. acc. sing. of χιτών, a garment worn next to the skin, a tunic. 158 masc. acc. sing. of καλός, beautiful. 159 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of νηγάτεος, newly made rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of βάλλω, to throw, cast, or hurl; to throw so as to hit, to hit one with a missile. 161 neut. sing. of φᾶρος, a large piece of cloth, a cloak or mantle, worn over the χιτών. (Liddell and Scott) 162 masc. dat. pl. of πούς, a foot. 163 masc. dat. pl. of λιπαρός, of the skin, shining, sleek rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of δέω, to tie or to bind. 165 neut. pl. of πέδιλον, sandals. 166 Prep. + dat., on both sides of, about, near, at. 167 masc. dat. sing. of ὦμος, the shoulder with the upper arm rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of βάλλω. 169 neut. sing. of ξίφος, a sword. 170 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀργυρόηλος, silver-studded rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of αἱρέω. 172 neut. sing. of σκῆπτρον, scepter, or staff. 173 Adj., neut. sing. of πατρώιος, of one s fathers, ancestral. 174 Adj., neut. sing. of ἄφθιτος, not liable to perish, undecaying, imperishable rd sing. aor. act. ind. of βαίνω. 176 masc. gen. pl. of χαλκοχίτων, bronze-clad.

16 15 And he roused from his slumber, and the divine voice poured all over him, And he sat upright, and he put on a newly made soft beautiful undergarment, And threw on his great big cloak, And he tied a beautiful pair sandals onto his sleek feet, And slung a silver-studded sword about his shoulders, Took up his ancestral scepter, not likely to perish, ever, And with that walked down to the ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans.

17 16 Ἡὼς 177 μέν ῥα Θεὰ 178 προσεβήσετο 179 μακρὸν 180 Ὄλυμπον 181 Ζηνὶ 182 φόως 183 ἐρέουσα 184 καὶ ἄλλοις 185 ἀθανάτοισιν. 186 (50) Αὐτὰρ ὃ κηρύκεσσι 187 λιγυφθόγγοισι 188 κέλευσε 189 κηρύσσειν 190 ἀγορὴν 191 δὲ κάρη 192 κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς. Οἳ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον, 193 τοὶ 194 δ ἠγείροντο 195 μάλ ὦκα. 196 Βουλὴν 197 δὲ πρῶτον μεγαθύμων 198 ἷζε 199 γερόντων 200 Νεστορέῃ 201 παρὰ νηῒ 202 Πυλοιγενέος 203 βασιλῆος fem. nom. sing. of Ἠώς, dawn. 178 fem. nom. sing. of Θεά, a Goddess rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of προσβαίνω, to put one s foot against; to step on, to go to or towards, to approach; to ascend. 180 Adj., masc. acc. sing. μακρός, long, tall, far, distant. 181 masc. acc. sing. of Ὄλυμπος, Olympus, a mountain on the Macedonian frontier of Thessaly. (Liddell and Scott) 182 masc. dat. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 183 neut. sing. of to the light, to the light of day; light. 184 fem. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐρέω, to ask or to inquire; to say. 185 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of ἄλλος, other. 186 masc. dat. pl. of ἀθάνατος. 187 masc. dat. pl. of κῆρυξ, a herald. 188 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of λιγύφθογγος, clear-voiced rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κελεύω. 190 pres. act. inf. of κηρύσσω, to be a herald, to officiate as a herald. 191 fem. acc. sing. of ἀγορά, an Agora, or an assembly rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κείρω rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of κηρύσσω. 194 Art., masc. nom. pl. of ὁ rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀγείρω, gather together. 196 Adv., quickly. 197 fem. acc. sing. of βουλή. 198 masc. gen. pl. of μεγάθυμος, great-hearted, or high-minded rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἵζω, to make to sit. 200 masc. gen. pl. of γέρων. 201 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of Νεστόρεος, of Nestor. 202 fem. dat. sing. of ναῦς. 203 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of Πυλοιγενής, born in Pylos. 204 masc. gen. sing. of βασιλεύς, a king.

18 17 Now in fact, the Goddess Dawn went to distant Olympus, Announcing Light of Day to Zeus and the other Immortals. But nevertheless, he ordered the clear-voiced heralds to officiate An assembly of the Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long. And they heralded, and the men gathered themselves together very quickly. And he made the great-hearted old men beside the ships of Nestor, Born King of Pylos, sit for the first assembly.

19 18 (55) Τοὺς ὅ γε συγκαλέσας 205 πυκινὴν 206 ἀρτύνετο 207 βουλήν: Κλῦτε 208 φίλοι: Θεῖός 209 μοι ἐνύπνιον 210 ἦλθεν 211 ὄνειρος 212 ἀμβροσίην 213 διὰ νύκτα. 214 Μάλιστα δὲ Νέστορι 215 Δίῳ 216 εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τ ἄγχιστα 217 ἐῴκει. 218 Στῆ 219 δ ἄρ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς 220 καί με πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν. 221 (60) Εὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος 222 ἱπποδάμοιο. 223 Οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα, ᾧ λαοί τ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε. 205 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of συγκαλέω, to call together a council; to convoke, or to convene. 206 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of πυκινός (πυκνός), close-packed, crowded, thick, close, dense; well put together, compact, fast, strong; metaph. of the mind, sagacious, shrewd, wise. (Liddell and Scott) 207 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀρτύνω, to arrange, to prepare, or to devise; in Mid. to prepare for oneself nd pl. aor. act. imper. of κλύω, to hear. 209 Adj., masc. nom. sing of Θεῖος. 210 neut. sing. of ἐνύπνιον, a thing seen in sleep; a dream rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἔρχομαι. 212 masc. nom. sing. of ὄνειρος. 213 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἀμβρόσιος, divine, immortal, ambrosial. 214 fem. acc. sing. of νύξ, night. 215 masc. dat. sing. of Νέστωρ, Nestor. 216 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of Δῖος, God-like, or divine. 217 Adj., superl., neut. pl. of ἄγχιστος, nearest; of Time, most lately, but now, most recently. (Liddell and Scott) 218 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of ἔοικα rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι. 220 fem. gen. sing. of κεφαλή, the head of man or beast rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εἶπον. 222 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of δαίφρων, of war-like mind; wise of mind, prudent. 223 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἱππόδαμος.

20 19 Calling them together, he devised a wise plan. Dear friends, listen up. I saw something in a dream from God which came to me During an ambrosial night. And the thing I saw Looked most like the Godlike Nestor, And was nearest to him both in greatness, and in stature. And he stood over my head and told me a story. You are sleeping son of Atreus Wise Tamer of Horses. It is not necessary to sleep all night long. The men entrust themselves to a thoughtful man, and there is so much for him to worry about.

21 20 Νῦν δ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα. Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι. Ὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδ ἐλεαίρει. (65) Θωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς πανσυδίῃ. Νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν Τρώων, οὐ γὰρ ἔτ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματ ἔχοντες ἀθάνατοι φράζονται. Ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας Ἥρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδε ἐφῆπται (70) ἐκ Διός. Ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσίν.

22 21 Now listen to me quick. I am an Angel, a messenger of God. He being distant is in great distress and he takes pity on you. He urges you to get the Achaeans with the Heads of Hair Growing Long Under arms as quickly as possible, For right now you can seize the City of the Wide Streets of the Trojans, Because the Immortals dwelling in Olympian abodes are no longer divided as to purpose. For Hera s entreaties has bent them all to her will, And sorrow shall be known to the Trojans, from God. And hold this in your heart.

23 22 ὣς ὃ μὲν εἰπὼν, ᾤχετ 224 ἀποπτάμενος, 225 ἐμὲ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν. 226 Ἀλλ ἄγετ αἴ κέν πως 227 θωρήξομεν 228 υἷας 229 Ἀχαιῶν. Πρῶτα δ ἐγὼν ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι. 230 Ἣ θέμις 231 ἐστί. 232 Καὶ φεύγειν 233 σὺν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι 234 κελεύσω. 235 (75) Ὑμεῖς δ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος 236 ἐρητύειν 237 ἐπέεσσιν. 238 Ἤτοι 239 ὅ γ ὣς εἰπὼν 240 κατ ἄρ ἕζετο, 241 τοῖσι 242 δ ἀνέστη 243 Νέστωρ, ὅς ῥα Πύλοιο 244 ἄναξ 245 ἦν 246 ἠμαθόεντος, 247 Ὅ σφιν ἐὺ 248 φρονέων 249 ἀγορήσατο 250 καὶ μετέειπεν rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of οἴχομαι, to be gone, to have gone. 225 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of ἀποπέτομαι, to fly off, or to fly away rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀνίημι. 227 Partic., in any way, at all, by any means st pl. aor. act. subj. of θωρήσσω. 229 masc. acc. pl. of υἱός st sing. fut. mid. ind. of πειράω, to attempt, endeavor, try to do. 231 fem. nom. sing. of θέμις, that which is lain down, or established by custom rd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 233 pres. act. inf. of φεύγω, to flee, to run away, or to take flight. 234 fem. dat. pl. of πολυκλήις, with many benches of rowers st sing. fut. act. ind. of κελεύω. 236 ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος = one from one place, another from another. (Liddell and Scott) 237 pres. act. inf. of ἐρητύω, to keep back, to restrain, or to check. 238 neut. dat. pl. of ἔπος. 239 Partic., now surely, truly, verily. 240 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶπον rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἕζομαι. 242 Art., masc. dat. pl. of ὁ rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀνίστημι, to make to stand up, to stand up, to raise up. 244 masc. gen. sing. of Πύλος, Pylos. 245 masc. nom. sing. of ἄναξ, lord and master rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 247 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἠμαθόεις, sandy. 248 Adv. (εὖ), well. 249 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of φρονέω rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀγοράομαι, to meet in assembly, sit in debate rd sing. aor. act. ind. of μετεῖπον, to speak among others address them; to be speaking after or next.

24 23 And having thus spoken, flying off, he departed, And sent me back into sweet sleep. But let s see if we can get the sons of the Achaeans under arms. But first I will make a trial of it by means of a speech. It is customary. I shall urge them to flee in their ships with many benches. But you, on the other hand, try to hold them back with another speech. He indeed having thus spoken, sat himself down, And Nestor, who was Lord and Master of Pylos, stood up among them. He being well intentioned met in the Agora, and addressed them.

25 24 Ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων 252 ἡγήτορες 253 ἠδὲ μέδοντες. 254 (80) Εἰ μέν τις τὸν ὄνειρον 255 Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ἔνισπε 256 ψεῦδός 257 κεν φαῖμεν 258 καὶ νοσφιζοίμεθα 259 μᾶλλον, 260 νῦν δ ἴδεν 261 ὃς μέγ 262 ἄριστος 263 Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται 264 εἶναι. Ἀλλ ἄγετ 265 αἴ 266 κέν πως θωρήξομεν 267 υἷας Ἀχαιῶν. Ὣς 268 ἄρα φωνήσας 269 βουλῆς 270 ἐξῆρχε 271 νέεσθαι, 272 (85) οἳ δ ἐπανέστησαν 273 πείθοντό 274 τε ποιμένι 275 λαῶν 276 σκηπτοῦχοι 277 βασιλῆες, 278 ἐπεσσεύοντο 279 δὲ λαοί. 252 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Ἀργεῖος, from Argos, an Argive. 253 masc. voc. pl. of ἡγήτωρ, a leader, commander, or a chief. 254 masc. voc. pl. of μέδων, a ruler. 255 masc. acc. sing. of ὄνειρος rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐνέπω, to tell, tell of, relate, or describe. 257 neut. sing. of ψεῦδος, falsehood, lie st pl. pres. act. opt. of φημί st pl. pres. mid./pass. opt. of νοσφίζομαι, to turn one s back upon; to turn away, shrink back; to turn away from a person. 260 Adv., comp. of μάλα, much more rd sing. aor. act. ind. of εἶδον. 262 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας. 263 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἄριστος, best, most virtuous, most excellent, bravest, and noblest nd sing. pres. mid./pass. subj. of εὐχετάομαι, to pray. 265 Adv., ἄγε. 266 Conj., εἰ st pl. aor. act. ind. of θωρήσσω. 268 Adv., ὡς. 269 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of φωνέω. 270 fem. gen. sing. of βουλή rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἐξάρχω, to begin, to take the lead in, to initiate. 272 pres. mid./pass. inf. of νέομαι, to come or to go rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἐπανίστημι, to set up again; to make rise against rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of πείθω, to prevail upon, win over, persuade, or convince. 275 masc. dat. sing. of ποιμήν, herdsman, whether of sheep or oxen, after Homer always shepherd. (Liddell and Scott) 276 masc. gen. pl. of λαός. 277 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of σκηπτοῦχος, bearing a scepter. 278 masc. nom. pl. of βασιλεύς rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of πεσσεύω, to play at draughts, to gamble.

26 25 O dear friends, rulers and commanders of the Argives. If any other man among the Achaeans had described this dream We would have called it a lie and turned our backs on him forever, But as it is the man who saw it, you should pray, Is the biggest thing and best man for the Achaeans. But the question now is how do we get the sons of the Achaeans under arms. As he spoke he took the initiative to leave the counsel, And being convinced by the herder of men, the sceptered kings rose, And the men were playing draughts.

27 26 Ἠΰτε ἔθνεα 280 εἶσι 281 μελισσάων 282 ἁδινάων 283 πέτρης 284 ἐκ γλαφυρῆς 285 αἰεὶ νέον 286 ἐρχομενάων, 287 βοτρυδὸν 288 δὲ πέτονται 289 ἐπ ἄνθεσιν 290 εἰαρινοῖσιν, 291 (90) αἳ μέν τ ἔνθα ἅλις 292 πεποτήαται, 293 αἳ δέ τε ἔνθα. Ὣς τῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ νεῶν 294 ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων 295 ἠϊόνος 296 προπάροιθε 297 βαθείης 298 ἐστιχόωντο 299 ἰλαδὸν 300 εἰς ἀγορήν. Μετὰ δέ σφισιν ὄσσα 301 δεδήει 302 ὀτρύνουσ 303 ἰέναι 304 Διὸς 305 ἄγγελος, 306 οἳ δ ἀγέροντο neut. pl. of ἔθνος, a number of people accustomed to live together, a company, body of men; a nation, a people rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 282 fem. gen. pl. of μέλισσα, a bee, Lat. apis. 283 Adj., fem. gen. pl. of ἁδινός, close, thick. 284 fem. gen. sing. of πέτρα, a rock, a ledge or shelf of rock. 285 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of γλαφυρός, of ships, hollow, hollowed. 286 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of νέος, new, young, fresh, youthful. 287 fem. gen. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἔρχομαι. 288 Adv., in a bunch like grapes, in clusters rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of πέτομαι. 290 neut. dat. pl. of ἄνθος, a blossom, or a flower. 291 Adj., neut. dat. pl. of ἐαρινός, the Spring, or the spring-time. 292 Adv., in heaps, crowds, swarms, in abundance, in plenty rd pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ποτάομαι, to fly hither and thither. 294 fem. gen. pl. of ναῦς. 295 fem. gen. pl. of κλισία. 296 fem. gen. sing. of ἠιών, sea-shore. 297 Adv., before, or in front of. 298 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of βαθύς, deep rd pl. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of στιχάομαι, to march in rows; of ships, to come in lines. 300 Adv., in troops. 301 fem. nom. sing. of ὄσσα, a rumor rd sing. pluperf. act ind. of δαίω, to light up, make to burn, kindle, Lat. accendo rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ὀτρύνω, to stir up, rouse, egg on, spur on, encourage. 304 pres. act. inf. of εἶμι. 305 masc. gen. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 306 masc. nom. sing. of ἄγγελος rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἀγείρω.

28 27 The entire nation, like a swarm of bees coming out from under a rock, Came out ever new from the hollow of a ship, Flying about here and there in crowds. And so those of the many tribes from their ships and huts Marched in rows to the Agora, along the sea-shore, Before the deep. And among them, Rumor, being a messenger of God, ignited them, And they being aroused, gathered themselves together.

29 28 (95) Τετρήχει 308 δ ἀγορή, ὑπὸ δὲ στεναχίζετο 309 γαῖα 310 λαῶν ἱζόντων, 311 ὅμαδος 312 δ ἦν, 313 ἐννέα 314 δέ σφεας κήρυκες 315 βοόωντες 316 ἐρήτυον, 317 εἴ ποτ 318 ἀϋτῆς 319 σχοίατ, 320 ἀκούσειαν 321 δὲ Διοτρεφέων 322 βασιλήων. 323 Σπουδῇ 324 δ ἕζετο 325 λαός, ἐρήτυθεν 326 δὲ καθ ἕδρας 327 (100) παυσάμενοι 328 κλαγγῆς, 329 ἀνὰ 330 δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων ἔστη 331 σκῆπτρον ἔχων τὸ μὲν Ἥφαιστος κάμε 332 τεύχων rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of ταράσσω, to stir, to stir up, to stir up trouble; to trouble the mind, confound, agitate, disturb, disquiet rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of στεναχίζω, to sigh, to groan, or to wail. 310 fem. nom. sing. of γαῖα, the Earth; land or country; soil. 311 masc. gen. sing. pres. act. part. of ἵζω. 312 masc. nom. sing. of ὅμαδος, a noise, din, made by a number of people speaking together; a noisy throng rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 314 Numeral, nine. 315 masc. nom. pl. of κῆρυξ. 316 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of βοάω, to cry aloud, or to shout rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἐρητύω. 318 Partic. (ποτέ), at some time or other, at any time ever 319 fem. gen. sing. of ἀυτή, to cry, or to shout, esp. a battle-shout, or a war-cry rd sing. aor. mid. opt. of ἔχω, in Mid. to hold on by, cling to; maintain rd pl. aor. act. opt. of ἀκούω. 322 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Διοτρεφής, cherished by Zeus, beloved of God. 323 masc. gen. pl. of βασιλεύς. 324 fem. dat. sing. of σπουδή, haste, speed rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἕζομαι rd pl. aor. pass. ind. of ἐρητύω. 327 fem. acc. pl. of ἕδρα, a sitting-place, a seat. 328 masc. nom. pl. aor. mid. part. of παύω, to make cease, or to put an end to. 329 fem. gen. sing. of κλαγγή, any sharp sound, such as the twang of a bow; the scream of cranes; the grunting; the hissing of serpents; the barking of dogs; the sound many men talking. 330 Prep. without a case, used as an Adverb, thereupon. (Liddell and Scott) 331 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἵστημι rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κάμνω, to work. 333 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of τεύχω, to make.

30 29 And the Agora was astir, and the Earth groaned because the men sitting, And there was a noisy throng, and nine heralds shouting held them back, If they could ever restrain the uproar, They could hear from Kings beloved of God. And with haste the men were seated down in their seats, And the commotion was put an end to. And thereupon Lord Agamemnon stood holding the scepter, Which Hephaestus by toiling made.

31 30 Ἥφαιστος μὲν δῶκε Διὶ 334 Κρονίωνι 335 ἄνακτι, 336 αὐτὰρ ἄρα Ζεὺς δῶκε Διακτόρῳ 337 Ἀργεϊφόντῃ, 338 Ἑρμείας 339 δὲ ἄναξ δῶκεν 340 Πέλοπι 341 πληξίππῳ, 342 (105) αὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτε 343 Πέλοψ δῶκ Ἀτρέϊ 344 ποιμένι 345 λαῶν, Ἀτρεὺς δὲ θνῄσκων 346 ἔλιπεν 347 πολύαρνι 348 Θυέστῃ, 349 αὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτε Θυέστ Ἀγαμέμνονι 350 λεῖπε 351 φορῆναι, 352 πολλῇσιν νήσοισι 353 καὶ Ἄργεϊ 354 παντὶ ἀνάσσειν masc. dat. sing. of Ζεύς, God. 335 masc. dat. sing. of Κρονίων, Kronos. 336 masc. dat. sing. of ἄναξ. 337 masc. dat. sing. of Διάκτορος, epith. of Hermes, the Messenger or Minister of God. 338 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀργειφόντης, slayer of Argus. 339 masc. nom. sing. of Ἑρμείας, Hermes rd sing. aor. act. ind. of δίδωμι. 341 masc. dat. sing. of Πέλοψ, Pelops. 342 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of πλήξιππος, driver of horses. 343 Adv., again. 344 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀτρεύς. 345 masc. dat. sing. of ποιμήν. 346 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of θνήσκω, to die, to be dying rd sing. aor. act. ind. of λείπω. 348 masc. dat. sing. of πολύαρνος, with many lambs or sheep, rich in flocks. 349 masc. dat. sing. of Θυέστης, Thyestes. 350 masc. dat. sing. of Ἀγαμέμνων rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of λείπω. 352 pres. act. inf. of φορέω, to bear or carry constantly, to be used to carry; commonly of clothes and armour, to bear constantly, wear, Lat. gesto. (Liddell and Scott) 353 fem. dat. pl. of νῆσος, an island. 354 neut. dat. sing. of Ἄργος, Argos. 355 pres. act. inf. of ἀνάσσω, to be lord and master.

32 31 Hephaestus gave it to God son of Kronos, But God nevertheless gave it to the Messenger of God, Slayer of Argus, then Lord Hermes gave it to Pelops, Driver of Horses, But again, the Pelops nevertheless gave it to Atreus, Herder of Men, And the dying Atreus left it to Thyestes, Rich in Flocks, But again, the Thyestes nevertheless left it to Agamemnon to wear constantly, Along with many islands and all of Argos to be lord and master.

33 32 Τῷ ὅ γ ἐρεισάμενος 356 ἔπε Ἀργείοισι μετηύδα. 357 (110) Ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες 358 Δαναοὶ 359 θεράποντες 360 Ἄρηος 361 Ζεύς με μέγα Κρονίδης ἄτῃ 362 ἐνέδησε 363 βαρείῃ. 364 Σχέτλιος, 365 ὃς πρὶν 366 μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο 367 καὶ κατένευσεν 368 Ἴλιον 369 ἐκπέρσαντ 370 εὐτείχεον 371 ἀπονέεσθαι. 372 Νῦν δὲ κακὴν ἀπάτην 373 βουλεύσατο, 374 καί με κελεύει (115) δυσκλέα 375 Ἄργος ἱκέσθαι, 376 ἐπεὶ πολὺν ὤλεσα 377 λαόν. 356 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of ἐρείδω, prop up, support, stay, to cause to lean; Med. and Pass., prop oneself, lean upon rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of μεταυδάω, to speak among others and to address them. 358 masc. voc. pl. of ἥρως, a hero. 359 masc. voc. pl. of Δαναοί. 360 masc. voc. pl. of θεράπων, a waiting-man, attendant; a servant. 361 masc. gen. sing. of Ἄρης, Ares, the God of destruction, war, battle, discord, and slaughter. 362 fem. dat. sing. of ἄτη, bewilderment, infatuation, reckless impulse, caused by judicial blindness sent by the Gods rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐνδέω, to bind in, on or to. 364 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of βαρύς, heavy in weight. 365 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of σχέτλιος, able to hold out, unwearying, unflinching. 366 Adv., before, until rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ὑπισχνέομαι, to promise or engage to do a thing rd sing. aor. act. ind. of κατανεύω, to nod assent; to grant, or to promise. 369 fem. acc. sing. of Ἴλιος, Ilion. 370 masc. acc. sing. aor. act. part. of ἐκπέρθω, to sack, or to utterly destroy. 371 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of εὐτείχεος, well-walled. 372 pres. mid./pass. inf. of ἀπονέομαι, go away, depart. 373 fem. acc. sing. of ἀπάτη, trick, fraud, deceit rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of βουλεύω, to deliberate, to determine, to give counsel, to resolve to do, to plan, or to devise. 375 Adj., neut. pl. of δυσκλεής, inglorious, infamous, shameful. 376 aor. mid. inf. of ἱκνέομαι, to come to a place st sing. aor. act. ind. of ὄλλυμι.

34 33 And he, leaning on it, addressed the Argives. O Dear Friends, Heroes, Danaäns, Slaves of Ares, Zeus the son of Kronos has fettered me with an enormous matter Of bewildering weight. The Unflinching Tireless is He who promised me, and nodded his head in assent, That before departing the Well-Walled Ilion would be destroyed utterly. But now he has devised an evil trick and urges me to return to Argos With shameful things after destroying many men.

35 34 Οὕτω 378 που 379 Διὶ 380 μέλλει 381 ὑπερμενέϊ 382 φίλον 383 εἶναι, 384 ὃς δὴ πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε 385 κάρηνα 386 ἠδ ἔτι καὶ λύσει, 387 τοῦ γὰρ κράτος 388 ἐστὶ μέγιστον. 389 ᾈσχρὸν 390 γὰρ τόδε 391 γ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι 392 πυθέσθαι 393 (120) μὰψ 394 οὕτω τοιόνδε 395 τοσόνδε 396 τε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν ἄπρηκτον 397 πόλεμον πολεμίζειν 398 ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι 399 ἀνδράσι παυροτέροισι, 400 τέλος 401 δ οὔ πώ 402 τι πέφανται Adv. (οὕτως), in this way. 379 Adv., somewhere, anywhere; methinks, doubtless, perhaps. 380 masc. dat. sing. of Ζεύς, God rd sing. pres. act. ind. of μέλλω. 382 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of ὑπερμενής, exceedingly mighty, exceedingly strong. 383 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of φίλος. 384 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί rd sing. aor. act. ind. of καταλύω, to put down, or to destroy. 386 neut. pl. of κάρηνον, the head rd sing. fut. act. ind. of λύω, to undo, bring to naught, break down, destroy. 388 neut. sing. of κράτος, strength, might. 389 Adj., superl., neut. sing. of μέγας. 390 Adj., neut. sing. of αἰσχρός, causing shame, dishonoring, reproachful. 391 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅδε. 392 masc. dat. pl. fut. mid. part. of εἰμί. 393 aor. mid. inf. of πυνθάνομαι, to learn something by hearsay or by inquiry. 394 Adv., in vain, idly, fruitlessly; foolishly, thoughtlessly. 395 Pron., neut. sing. of τοιόσδε, such as this; τοιόσδε stronger = form of τοῖος. (Liddell and Scott) 396 Pron., neut. sing. of τοσόσδε, so very, so very much. 397 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἄπρακτος, doing nothing, ineffectual, unprofitable. 398 pres. act. inf. of πολεμίζω, to wage war, make war, fight. 399 pres. mid./pass. inf. of μάχομαι, to fight. 400 Adj., comp., masc. dat. pl. of παῦρος, smaller, or fewer. 401 neut. sing. of τέλος, the end. 402 Partic., up to this time, yet rd sing. perf. mid./pass. ind. of φαίνω.

36 35 Doubtlessly he somehow intends to be a man dear to God Almighty, He who hath put down the heads of many cities, And he shall still destroy more, for he is most strong. For it is a disgraceful thing, And this matter will be heard about by men in the future. About the foolish manner the Achaean men waged, And they themselves fought, such a very unprofitable war Against fewer men, and as yet there is not any end in sight.

37 36 Εἴ περ 404 γάρ κ ἐθέλοιμεν 405 Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε ὅρκια 406 πιστὰ 407 ταμόντες 408 ἀριθμηθήμεναι 409 ἄμφω, 410 (125) Τρῶας 411 μὲν λέξασθαι 412 ἐφέστιοι, 413 ὅσσοι 414 ἔασιν, 415 ἡμεῖς 416 δ ἐς δεκάδας 417 διακοσμηθεῖμεν 418 Ἀχαιοί, Τρώων 419 δ ἄνδρα 420 ἕκαστοι 421 ἑλοίμεθα 422 οἰνοχοεύειν, 423 πολλαί κεν δεκάδες δευοίατο 424 οἰνοχόοιο Partic., all st pl. pres. act. opt. of ἐθέλω, to be willing. 406 neut. pl. of ὅρκιον, an oath; that which is sworn to, the articles of a treaty. (Liddell and Scott) 407 Adj., neut. pl. of πιστός, to be trusted. 408 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of τέμνω, to cut, to hew; to wound, to maim; to cut to pieces; to sacrifice. 409 aor. pass. inf. of ἀριθμέω, to number, to count, to reckon up. 410 Adj., masc. nom. dual of ἄμφω, both. 411 masc. acc. pl. of Τρώς. 412 aor. mid. inf. of λέγω. 413 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἐφέστιος, at one's own fireside, at home; ἐφέστιοι ὅσσοι ἔασιν = as many as have a home of their own. (Liddell and Scott) 414 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ὅσος, as many as rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 416 Pron., 1st masc. nom. pl. of ἐγώ. 417 fem. acc. pl. of δεκάς, a company of ten st pl. aor. pass. opt. of διακοσμέω, divide and marshal, muster, array. 419 masc. gen. pl. of Τρώς. 420 masc. acc. sing. of ἀνήρ. 421 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἕκαστος, each st pl. aor. mid. opt. of αἱρέω. 423 pres. act. inf. of οἰνοχοεύω, to pour out wine for the drinking rd pl. pres. mid./pass. opt. of δέω, to lack, to miss, to stand in need of. 425 masc. gen. sing. of οἰνοχόος, cupbearer, wine-pourer.

38 37 If all of us were willing, both Trojans and Achaeans, Were to both be counted and, while sacrificing, swear an oath to be trusted, Let the Trojans gather together at their own hearths and homes, as many as there are. And we Achaeans divided and marshalled ourselves in tens, And each of us chose a man to pour out wine for the drinking for a Trojan, Many of our tens would lack a cupbearer.

39 38 Τόσσον ἐγώ φημι 426 πλέας 427 ἔμμεναι 428 υἷας Ἀχαιῶν (130) Τρώων, οἳ ναίουσι 429 κατὰ πτόλιν, 430 ἀλλ ἐπίκουροι 431 πολλέων 432 ἐκ πολίων 433 ἐγχέσπαλοι 434 ἄνδρες 435 ἔασιν, 436 οἵ με μέγα 437 πλάζουσι 438 καὶ οὐκ εἰῶσ 439 ἐθέλοντα 440 Ἰλίου 441 ἐκπέρσαι 442 εὖ ναιόμενον 443 πτολίεθρον. 444 Ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι 445 Διὸς μεγάλου 446 ἐνιαυτοί, 447 (135) καὶ δὴ δοῦρα 448 σέσηπε 449 νεῶν καὶ σπάρτα 450 λέλυνται st sing. pres. act. ind. of φημί. 427 Adj., comp., masc. acc. pl. of πλέονας, more. πλέας = a short form of πλέονας. (Benner, Allen Rogers, Selections from Homer's Iliad, with an introduction, notes, a short Homeric grammar, and a vocabulary, New York: Irvington Publishers, Inc: 1903) 428 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ναίω, to dwell, to abide, or to inhabit. 430 fem. acc. sing. of πόλις. 431 masc. nom. pl. of ἐπίκουρος, a help, an assister, or an ally. 432 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of πολύς. 433 fem. gen. sing. of πόλις. 434 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἐγχέσπαλος, spear wielding. 435 masc. nom. pl. of ἀνήρ rd pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 437 neut. sing. of μέγας rd pl. pres. act. ind. of πλάζω, to turn aside rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ἐάω, to let, to suffer, to allow, or to permit; to let alone, to leave be. 440 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐθέλω. 441 fem. gen. sing. of Ἴλιος. 442 aor. act. inf. of ἐκπέρθω. 443 neut. acc. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ναίω. 444 neut. sing. of πτολίεθρον, a citadel rd pl. perf. act. ind. of βαίνω. 446 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of μέγας, of Gods, great, strong, or mighty. 447 masc. nom. pl. of ἐνιαυτός, an anniversary; any long period of time, a cycle, period; a year. 448 neut. pl. of δόρυ, a stem, a tree; commonly a plank or beam; a ship s plank rd sing. perf. act. ind. of σήπω, to make rotten. 450 neut. pl. of σπάρτον, a rope, or a cable rd pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of λύω, of things, to loosen, to unbind, or to unfasten.

40 39 I say there are vastly more of the sons of the Achaeans Than there are Trojans who live in the city. But there many allies from the many cities, spear wielding men, They are a big thing turning me aside, and they are unwilling to allow The destruction of the well inhabited citadel of Ilion. Nine of the Great God s years have departed, And the planks of the ships have become rotten, and their ropes have become slackened.

41 40 ᾋ δέ που ἡμέτεραί 452 τ ἄλοχοι 453 καὶ νήπια 454 τέκνα 455 εἵατ 456 ἐνὶ μεγάροις 457 ποτιδέγμεναι. 458 Ἄμμι 459 δὲ ἔργον αὔτως ἀκράαντον 460 οὗ 461 εἵνεκα 462 δεῦρ 463 ἱκόμεσθα. 464 Ἀλλ ἄγεθ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω 465 πειθώμεθα 466 πάντες. (140) Φεύγωμεν 467 σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα 468 γαῖαν. 469 Οὐ γὰρ ἔτι Τροίην αἱρήσομεν 470 εὐρυάγυιαν. 452 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of ἡμέτερος, our. 453 fem. nom. pl. of ἄλοχος, one s wife. 454 Adj., neut. pl. of νήπιος, infant. 455 neut. pl. of τέκνον, child rd pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ἕζομαι. 457 neut. dat. pl. of μέγαρον, a large room, or a hall. 458 Fem. nom. pl. aor. mid./pass. part. of προσδέχομαι, waiting for or expecting. 459 Pron., 1st masc. dat. pl. of ἐγώ. 460 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀκράαντος, unfulfilled, or fruitless. 461 Adv., wherefore. 462 Prep., on account of. 463 Adv. (δεῦρο), hither st pl. aor. mid. ind. of ἱκνέομαι st sing. aor. act. subj. of εἶπον st pl. pres. mid./pass. subj. of πείθω st pl. pres. act. subj. of φεύγω. 468 fem. acc. sing. of πατρίς, of one s father. 469 fem. acc. sing. of γαῖα st pl. fut. act. ind. of αἱρέω.

42 41 And doubtlessly our wives and our infant children sit In our meeting-halls awaiting us. And as it is, our fruitless endeavor Is the very reason wherefore we came hither. But come now. We should all be convinced by what I have already said so far. Let us flee in our ships to the dear land of our fathers, For we shall not capture the city with the broad streets Troy.

43 42 Ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι 471 δὲ θυμὸν 472 ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν 473 ὄρινε 474 πᾶσι 475 μετὰ πληθὺν 476 ὅσοι 477 οὐ βουλῆς 478 ἐπάκουσαν. 479 Κινήθη 480 δ ἀγορὴ φὴ 481 κύματα 482 μακρὰ 483 θαλάσσης 484 (145) πόντου 485 Ἰκαρίοιο, 486 τὰ μέν τ Εὖρός 487 τε Νότος 488 τε ὤρορ 489 ἐπαΐξας 490 πατρὸς Διὸς ἐκ νεφελάων. Ὡς δ ὅτε 491 κινήσῃ 492 Ζέφυρος 493 βαθὺ 494 λήϊον 495 ἐλθὼν 496 λάβρος 497 ἐπαιγίζων, 498 ἐπί τ ἠμύει 499 ἀσταχύεσσιν, 500 ὣς τῶν πᾶσ ἀγορὴ κινήθη masc. dat. pl. of ὁ. 472 masc. acc. sing. of θυμός, the soul, or the spirit. 473 neut. dat. pl. of στῆθος, the breast as the place of the heart rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὀρίνω, to stir, or to become agitated. 475 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of πᾶς. 476 fem. acc. sing. of πληθύς, a throng, or a crowd. 477 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ὅσος. 478 fem. gen. sing. of βουλή rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ἐπακούω, to listen or hearken to, to hear rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of κινέω, to set in motion, to move; to rouse, or to disturb. 481 Adv., like, or as. 482 neut. pl. of κῦμα, anything swollen such as a sea or a wave. 483 Adj., neut. pl. of μακρός. 484 fem. gen. sing. of θάλασσα, the sea. 485 masc. gen. sing. of πόντος, the sea. 486 masc. gen. sing. of Ἰκάριος, Icarian. 487 masc. nom. sing. of Εὖρος, the East wind. 488 masc. nom. sing. of Νότος, the South Wind rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὄρνυμι, in a radical sense to stir, stir up, esp. of bodily movement, to set on, urge on, incite; to make to arise, to awaken, call forth. 490 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἐπαίσσω, to rush at, or to rush upon; to assail, or to assault. 491 Conj., when, at the time when rd sing. aor. act. subj. of κινέω, to set in motion, or to move. 493 masc. nom. sing. of Ζέφυρος, the West wind. 494 Adj., neut. sing. of βαθύς, deep. 495 neut. sing. of λήιον, a crop. 496 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἔρχομαι. 497 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of λάβρος, furious, boisterous. 498 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐπαιγίζω, to rush upon rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἠμύω, to bow down, or to sink. 500 masc. dat. pl. of ἄσταχυς, an ear of corn rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of κινέω.

44 43 And so he spoke. And he stirred them in their heart and soul, And the whole great crowd of the Boulè was not hearkened to. The Agora was set in motion like the long waves on the waters Of the Icarian Sea, and with both the East wind and the South wind Excited by Father God the Cloud Gatherer rushing upon it. Just as when the West wind comes with a furious rush upon a deep corn field, And the ears of corn bow down, thus the whole Agora was stirred up.

45 44 Τοὶ δ ἀλαλητῷ 502 (150) νῆας ἔπ ἐσσεύοντο, 503 ποδῶν 504 δ ὑπένερθε 505 κονίη 506 ἵστατ 507 ἀειρομένη. 508 Τοὶ δ ἀλλήλοισι 509 κέλευον 510 ἅπτεσθαι 511 νηῶν ἠδ ἑλκέμεν 512 εἰς ἅλα 513 Δῖαν, 514 οὐρούς 515 τ ἐξεκάθαιρον, 516 ἀϋτὴ 517 δ οὐρανὸν 518 ἷκεν 519 οἴκαδε 520 ἱεμένων, 521 ὑπὸ δ ᾕρεον 522 ἕρματα 523 νηῶν. 502 masc. dat. sing. of ἀλαλητός, the shout of victory rd pl. imperf. mid./pss. ind. of σεύω, put in quick motion; let loose; to run. 504 masc. gen. pl. of πούς. 505 Adv., underneath. 506 fem. nom. sing. of κονία, dust rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἵστημι. 508 fem. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἀείρω, in Pass., to lift, heave, raise up. 509 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of ἀλλήλων, of one another, to one another, one another rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of κελεύω. 511 pres. mid./pass. inf. of ἅπτω, to fasten, or to bind fast. 512 pres. act. inf. of ἕλκω, to draw, or to drag. 513 fem. acc. sing. of ἅλς, salt-sea. 514 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of Δῖος. 515 masc. acc. pl. of οὐρός, a trench used for the launching of a ship rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of ἐκκαθαίρω, cleanse out. 517 fem. nom. sing. of ἀυτή. 518 masc. acc. sing. of οὐρανός, heaven rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἵκω, to come to, or to reach. 520 Adv., to one s house or home. 521 masc. gen. pl. pres. mid. part. of ἵημι rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of αἱρέω. 523 neut. pl. of ἕρμα, a prop, or a support.