The Radiation2Induced Synthesis of Hydrogels and Their Application for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution

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1 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 21 No. 10 Oct., ( ),, : X703 ; O : A : X(2009) The Radiation2Induced Synthesis of Hydrogels and Their Application for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution Chen Yuwei Wang Jianlong 3 3 (Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing , China) Abstract Hydrogels are cross2linked functional polymers with three2dimensional networks. Preparation of hydrogels by radiation2induced polymerization has received increasing attention in recent years due to easy process control, no necessity to add any initiators, crosslinkers, etc. Traditional processes for the treatment of heavy metal2containing wastewater encounter some disadvantages such as higher operational cost or low removal efficiency. It is a new promising method for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using hydrogels. In this paper, recent advances in research on the radiation2induced synthesis of hydrogels and their application in the removal of heavy metals are reviewed including the preparation and modification of hydrogels and the performances of the adsorption of heavy metals. The perspects of this technology and the future directions are also proposed. Key words hydrogels ; cross2linked polymers ; radiation2induced polymerization ; heavy metal2containing wastewater ; adsorption Contents 1 Introduction 2 Radiation2induced synthesis of hydrogels 2. 1 Radiation2induced polymerization of solid polymers 2. 2 Radiation2induced polymerization of aqueous solutions of polymers 2. 3 Radiation treatment of monomers 2. 4 Preparation of copolymer hydrogels by radiation treatment 3 Radiation2induced synthesis of hydrogels and their application in removal of heavy metal ions : , : (No ) 3 3 Corresponding author e2mail edu. cn

2 Hydrogels based on synthetic polymers for the adsorption of heavy metals 3. 2 Hydrogels based on natural polymers for the adsorption of heavy metals 3. 3 Hydrogels loaded metal ions for the adsorption of heavy metals 3. 4 Hydrogels loaded microorganisms for the adsorption of heavy metals 3. 5 Desorption and recovery of heavy metals 4 Conclusion 1 (hydrogels), [1 3 ] 20 % 100 %, 100 % [4 ] 2, ; N2 222,,,, ;,,, ph ;,, ph [5 ],,,, [6 ] [7 11 ],, : 60, 60 ;, ( ) [12 ] 2. 1,, ; ;,,,( ),, 2. 2,,,, ( PEO) ( PVA) 2. 3,,,

3 ,, ( ),,,, [2 ] 1 [2 ] 1 Table 1 The main monomers used for free radical polymerization 2. 4,, ( ), ( ) 3,,,,, ( COOH) ( NH 2 ) ( OH) ( SO 3 ),,,,, 3. 1 Π, ( COOH),, Π G ven [4 ] (AAm)ΠN2 222 (VP),, 60, ( IA) (MA), 0175kGyΠh, kGy,, ph ph,

4 Abdel2Aal [13 ] 22 2 ( HEMA)Π (CAs) HEMAΠ ( TA) HEMAΠ (SA), (Fe ( ) Ni ( ) Co ( ) Cu ( ) ), ph, Π ( PVA), ph, Boduggz [14 ] 412kGyΠh (CA) (SA) PVA, ph, Ni ( ) Co ( ) PVA Co ( ) 82mgΠg, Ni ( ), CA SA PVAΠCA PVAΠSA Co ( ) 105mgΠg 77mgΠg, Ni ( ) 792mgΠg 410mgΠg,, Ni ( ) Co ( ) Ajji [15 ] PVAΠCA PVAΠSA Ni ( ) Co ( ) Cu ( ),, Ni ( ) Co ( ), Boduggz, Ni ( ) Co ( ),, Cu ( ), Ni ( ) Co ( ) ( mgπg ), Cu ( ) 1mgΠg,, PVA,( PVP) Ajji [16 ], PVPΠCA, CA, CA, CA, CA Π Π El2Hag Ali [17 ] PVPΠAAc, Fe ( ) Cu ( ) Mn ( ), PVP ph, ph Fe ( ) > Cu ( ) > Mn ( ), ph, Essawy [18 ] PVPΠ Cu ( ) Cd ( ) Ni ( ) Francis [19 ] ( PEI)Π (AAM), Pb ( ) Cd ( ), PEIΠAAM AAM, 50mgΠL Ajji [20 ] PVAΠN2 Π Cu ( ), Cu ( ) ph, (ph = 1), Cu ( ) ; ph g612, 970mgΠg 31113,,,, [21 23 ] Kasggz [24 ] Mannich, Mannich ( EDA) (DETA) (MSDS) Cu ( ) Pb ( ), ph,, Cu ( ) Pb ( ) Mannich Cu ( ), Pb ( ) 312,,,

5 ( interpenetrating polymer networks, IPN IPNs) IPN [25 ] 31211,,,, (AAmPSA), 417 ; Langmuir Chauhan [26 ] ( HPC)ΠAAmPSA, Fe ( ) Cu ( ) Cr ( ), AAmPSA,,,Fe ( ) > Cu ( ) > > Cr ( ) Chauhan [27 ] (( HPC) ), Fe ( ) Cu ( ) Cr ( ) 015M NaOH,,,, Fe ( ), Cu ( ), Cr ( ) 31212, [28 ], [29 ],, Π,, ph [30 ] Π, [31 ], Wasikiewicz [32 ] (2h) Wang [33 ] 60,Fe ( ), Fe ( ) ;ph = 1815mgΠg,, Gad [34 ] (AMPS), Cd ( ) Cr ( ), ph AMPS AMPS AMPS 40 %,ph Cd ( ) (ph < 6) Cr ( ) (ph < 4), ph = 5, Cd ( ), 6811 mgπg, ph = 3, Cd ( ) 2215 mgπg Nizam El2Din [35 ] (PAA)Π (AG) Cu ( ) Co ( ) Ni ( ), 2 PAA AAcΠAG Cu ( ), AAcΠAG PAA Co ( ) Ni ( ), 313, 2 Abou Taleb [36 ] 2,, 2,

6 , Cu ( ) Co ( ), 314,, [37 ], Fern ndez Degiorgi [38 ],,,, Pb ( ) Cd ( ) 315, Dgker [39,40 ] ( N2( ) ), NHMMA2 ATU,, 018M (3M), 3 K l g [41 ] ( ), (AAm2ATU),, 018M ( 3M) Wasikiewicz [42 ] Pd Pt,,, 35, 4,,,,,,, 2,,, [ 1 ] ( Gu R), ( Zhu Y P). (Chemical Gel). : (Beijing : Chemical Industry Press), [ 2 ] ( Zou X X). ( Superabsorbents). (Second Edition) : (Beijing : Chemical Industry Press), [ 3 ] (Wu J H), (Lin J M), (Wei YL). ( High Water2absorbent material). : (Beijing : Chemical Industry Press), [ 4 ] G ven O, Sen M, Karada E, et al. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 1999, 56 : [ 5 ] (Zhai M L), (Ha H F). (Chemistry of the University), 2001, 16 (5) : [ 6 ] (Li Q), (Li D H), (Quan S Y). ( Radiation Research and Radiation Processing), 1984, 2 (2) : [ 7 ] Molina MJ, Gomez2Anton M R, Rivas B L, et al. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, 79 (8) : [ 8 ] Salih B, Pekel N, Guven O. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, 82 (2) : [ 9 ] (Wang J L). (Microbial Immobilization Techniques and Water Pollution Control). : (Beijing : Sceince Press), 2002 [10 ] Wang J L, Chen C. Biotechnol. Adv., 2006, 24 : [11 ] Abd E12Rehim H A, Hegazy E A, El2Hag Ali A. React. Funct. Polym., 2000, 34 : [12 ] Rosiak J M, Ula ski P. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 1999, 55 : [13 ] Abdel2Aal S E, Hegazy E A, Abou Taleb M F, et al. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2008, 107 : [14 ] Boduggz H, Pekel N, G ven O. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 1999, 55 : [15 ] Ajji Z. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2005, 74 : [16 ] Ajji Z. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 2007, 265 : [17 ] El2Hag Ali A, Shawky H A, Abd El Rehim H A, et al. Eur. Polym. J., 2003, 39 : [18 ] Essawy H A, Ibrahim H S. React. Funct. Polym., 2004, 61 : [19 ] Francis S, Varshney L, Tirumalesh K. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2006, 75 : [20 ] Ajji Z, Ali A M. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 2005,

7 : [21 ] Kawaguchi H, Hoshino H J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1984, 97 (2) : [22 ] Kamel A A, Ma C M, El2Aasser M S, et al. J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 1981, 2 : [23 ] Schiller M,Suen T J. Ind. Engng. Chem., 1956, 48 : [24 ] Kasggz H, ; zg m s S, Orbay M. Polymer, 2003, 44 : [25 ] ( Guo B C), (Qiu Q H), (Jia D M). (Journal of Functional Materials), 2000, 31 : [26 ] Chauhan G S, Guleria L, Mahajan S. Desalination, 2001, 14 : [27 ] Chauhan G S, Singh B, Chauhan S, et al. Desalination, 2005, 181 : [28 ] Piron E, Domard A. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 1998, 22 : [29 ] Bassi R, Prasher S O, Simpson B K. Sep. Sci. Technol., 2000, 35 : [30 ] Muzzarelli R A A, Tanfani T, Emanuelli M. Carbohydr. Res., 1982, 107 (2) : [31 ] Zhao L, Mitomo H, Nagasawa N, et al. Carbohydr. Polym., 2003, 51 (2) : [32 ] Wasikiewicz J M, Nagasawa N, Tamada M, et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 2005, 236 : [33 ] Wang M, Xu L, Zhai M L, et al. Carbohydr. Polym., 2008, 74 : [34 ] Gad Y H. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2008, 77 : [35 ] Nizam El2Din H M, Abou Taleb M F, El2Naggar A W M. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 2008, 266 : [36 ] Abou Taleb M F, Elsigeny S M, Ibrahim M M. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2007, 76 : [37 ] Chang J S, Huang J C. Biotechnol. Prog., 1998, 14 : [38 ] Fern ndez Degiorgi C, Pizarro R A, Smolko E E. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2002, 63 : [39 ] Dgker S, gelikb gak ;, Do gan M, et al. Microchem. J., 2006, 84 : [40 ] Dgker gs, Malc S, Do gan M. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 553 : [41 ] K l ga G, Malc S, gelikb gak ;. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 547 : [42 ] Wasikiewicz J M, Mitomo H, Seko N, et al. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007, 104 :

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