Progress of Porous Hydrogels

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1 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 19 No. 4 Apr ( ) : O ; TQ31412 : A : X(2007) Progress of Porous Hydrogels Lu Guodong Yan Qingzhi Su Xintai Liu Zhongqing Ge Changchun 3 3 (Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China) Abstract Hydrogels consist of a three2dimensional network of slightly cross2linked polymers that can absorb water and swell readily without dissolving. They have been of great interest to biomaterial fields attributing to their particular hydrophilic bionic characters and potential to be biocompatible. The introduction of porous structure will dramatically improve their swelling ability water absorption rate and stimulation sensitivity. This article reviews the research progress and biomedical applications of these porous hydrogels domestic and abroad. Authorswork in preparation of porous hydrogels by frontal polymerization is referred. The possible topics of porous hydrogels in the future investigation are discussed. Key words hydrogels ; porous structures ; mechanism of porosity formation ; swelling properties 1 (hydrogels) [9 ] : t = L 2 ΠD (1) t ; L 8 ] L [1 L ; D : : : (No ) 3 3 e2mail ustb. edu. cn ( ) ;

and Powder Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China) Abstract Hydrogels consist of a three2dimensional network of slightly cross2linked polymers that can absorb

2 [10 ] [15 ] [12 13 ] Π [16 ] [11 ] ( ) (UV) Π Π [18 ] Π (PVA) Π ; Π : ; Oxley [17 ] Π : ; [12 Kato 14 ] Π (HPC) N2 (PNIPAAm) Pradas [19 ] Aroca [20 ] (PHEA)

21211 211 Oxley [17 ] Π : ; [12 Kato 14 ] Π

3 4 487 ; [19 ] ( 2 ) [21 ] nm ( ) ; ; ; [22 23 ] (LCST) PNIPAAm Imhof [27 ] HPC LCST ( ) ; LCST (PAAM) 1mPartap [28 ] Kabra [24 ] ( 75 % 90 %) LCST [29 30 ] ; CO 2 LCST ; Butler [31 32 ] ( > %vπv) CO 2 Π LCST Kishi [25 ] PAAM PHEA CO 2 Π ( PVME) ; CO 2 CO 2 Π Hirsch [26 ] HPC Partap [28 ]

( 75 % 90 %) LCST [29 30 ] ; CO 2 LCST ; Butler [31 32 ] ( > 74105 %vπv) CO 2 Π

4 CO 2 Ca m PNIPAAm ( RET) PEG CaCO HF PNIPAAm ; : ; Antonietti [33 34 ] [39 ] 215 PAAM PNIPAAm ( PHEMA) ; Chen [40 ] NaHCO 3 Π Zhao [35 ] 300m ph (10 100nm) (100nm 10m) Π ph 1 [36 ] Chen [41 ] (Ac2Di2Sol) Ac2Di2Sol 214 Serizawa [38 ] NIPAAm Kabiri [42 43 ] NaHCO 3 ( PEG) NaCl CaCO 3 Zhang [37 ] PEG PNIPAAm PEG ] PEG [44

100nm) (100nm 10m) Π ph 1 [36 ] Chen [41 ] (Ac2Di2Sol) Ac2Di2Sol 214 Serizawa [38 ]

5 [48 ] 1m 1 015m ; [45 ] 011m [45 ] 1 Fig. 1 Schematic representation of a frontal polymerization [45 ] 70 % 90 % 10mm 3mm 140min 80min 634gΠg 481gΠg 216 ( interpenetrating polymer networks IPN IPNs) NaHCO 3 IPN ; ; ; IPN IPN NaHCO 3 CO 2 [49 ] : NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 ; ; Zhang [50 ] IPN2PNIPAAm ;De Moura [51 52 ] Ca 2 + PNIPAAm 2PNIPAAm PNIPAAm ; (BSA) IPN2PNIPAAm ; IPN Π 2 [48 ] a : b : Fig. 2 SEM of porous poly(acrylamide) hydrogels prepared by 217 frontal polymerization [48 ]

interpenetrating polymer networks IPN IPNs) NaHCO 3 IPN ; ; ; IPN IPN NaHCO 3 CO 2 [49 ] : NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 ; ; Zhang [50

6 Kang [53 ] [57 ] 1 ( 2 )2 Table 1 Examples of possible environmental stimuli and 2( 2 ) (PCL2b2PEO2b2PCL) responseswith intelligent hydrogels [57 ] PCL 015molΠL NaOH 100 Π( 40Π60) stimulus PEO Sannino [54 ] (PIT) ( GLT) PIT mechanical stress mechanical (hardens or softens) GLT ( ) ph ; PIT GLT GLT Wichterle Lim [55 ] [2 ] ; (PGA PLA PLGA ) [58 59 ] [6 56 ] : ph [1 ; ] ph Π [1 1 ] [57 ] [2 ] [60 ] ph response chemicalπbiochemical temperature ( stimulates or inhibits reactions or recognition processes) specific substance solvent or salts electrical field photo phase separation(precipitation) shape (shrinks or swells) surface (becomes non2wetting) permeability(increases or decreases sharply) optical (clears up or opacifies becomes colored) electrical ( generates signal electrochemical reaction occurs)

[1 1 ] [57 ] [2 ] [60 ] ph response chemicalπbiochemical temperature ( stimulates or inhibits reactions or recognition processes) specific substance solvent or salts electrical field photo phase

7 [61 ] mm [62 ] N % [5 ] [8 ] ( HA) [19 61 ] ( PVA) Π PVA HA PHEMA PVA [19 63 ] N N2 20 % MPa ( [63 ] ) m [64 ] 90 ( RGD) Loebsack [65 ] RGD 78 % 2RGD : ; 6 [66 ] ; 3 2RGD 22 ( HEMA) ( PEG6000) N N 2 P (AM2co2HEMA) 1990 H 2 O 2 ( ) 8114 %

[63 ] ) 70 300m [64 ] 90 ( RGD) Loebsack [65 ] RGD 78 % 2RGD : ; 6 [66 ] ;

8 (ph = 110) 3h 7312 % ( %) ( ) ; ( 4 ) [67 68 ] ; ph ; ( ) : PNIPAAm LCST ( ) ( PNIPAAm Π ) ; Cheng [69 ] PNIPAAm PNIPAAm ; (BSA) LCST (25 ) BSA 70h 1h (BSA 50 %) 70h 15 % [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Risbud [70 ] 2PVP [ 7 ] (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) ph : ph ; 40 % [ 1 ] Lee K Y David J M. Chem. Rev : ; LCST (37 ) [ 2 ] Hoffman A S. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev : 3 12 [ 3 ] Rosiak J M Ulanski P Rzeznicki A. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B : [ 4 ] Langer R. Nature : 5 10 (Mo J M) (Jin B Y) (Liu D S). ( Chinese Journal of Aesthetic Medicine) : (Xu L) (Zeng Q X) (Zhang L Y). (Food &Machinery) : ( Yao K D) ( Yin YJ). ( Biomaterials Relevant to Tissue Engineering ). (Beijing) : ( Chemical Industry Press)

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