Herodotus Book One First Quarter Exam Translation

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1 Herodotus Book One First Quarter Exam Translation Translated and Annotated by David Gravolet θεησάµενον δέ µιν τὰ πάντα καὶ σκεψάµενον ὥς οἱ κατὰ καιρὸν ἦν, εἴρετο ὁ Κροῖσος τάδε. ξεῖνε Ἀθηναῖε, παρ ἡµέας γὰρ περὶ σέο λόγος ἀπῖκται πολλὸς καὶ σοφίης εἵνεκεν τῆς σῆς καὶ πλάνης, ὡς φιλοσοφέων γῆν πολλὴν θεωρίης εἵνεκεν ἐπελήλυθας: νῦν ὦν ἐπειρέσθαι µε ἵµερος ἐπῆλθέ σε εἴ τινα ἤδη πάντων εἶδες ὀλβιώτατον. ὃ µὲν ἐλπίζων εἶναι ἀνθρώπων ὀλβιώτατος ταῦτα ἐπειρώτα: Σόλων δὲ οὐδὲν ὑποθωπεύσας ἀλλὰ τῷ ἐόντι χρησάµενος λέγει ὦ βασιλεῦ, Τέλλον Ἀθηναῖον. And having seen all things and having examined them, when it was the right time for him, Croesus asked him these things. "Athenian guest, for concerning you much a word has come to us on account of both your wisdom and your wandering, thus seeking knowledge, you have come to many a land on account of sightseeing: Now thus desire came to me to ask you whether you saw anyone the happiest of all men." And he, expecting that he is the happiest of all men, said these things: And Solon, not at all having flattered him but having employed the truth, says, "O king, Tellus the Athenian." θεησάµενον, σκεψάµενον - Aor. dep. part. m. acc. sg., describe µιν ἀπῖκται - Perf. act. 3rd sg. indic. ἐπελήλυθας - 2nd sg. perf. indic. act. ἐπειρέσθαι - Aor. mid. inf. ἐπῆλθέ - Temp. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. εἶδες - Aor. indic. act. 2nd sg., syllab. aug. ἐλπίζων - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. ἐπειρώτα - 3rd sg. imperf. indic. act., contracted from ἐπειρωταε ὑποθωπεύσας - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. χρησάµενος - Aor. dep. part. m. nom. sg. ἀποθωµάσας δὲ Κροῖσος τὸ λεχθὲν εἴρετο ἐπιστρεφέως: κοίῃ δὴ κρίνεις Τέλλον εἶναι ὀλβιώτατον; ὁ δὲ εἶπε Τέλλῳ τοῦτο µὲν τῆς πόλιος εὖ ἡκούσης παῖδες ἦσαν καλοί τε κἀγαθοί, καί σφι εἶδε ἅπασι τέκνα ἐκγενόµενα καὶ πάντα παραµείναντα: τοῦτο δὲ τοῦ βίου εὖ ἥκοντι, ὡς τὰ παρ ἡµῖν, τελευτὴ τοῦ βίου λαµπροτάτη ἐπεγένετο: γενοµένης γὰρ Ἀθηναίοισι µάχης πρὸς τοὺς ἀστυγείτονας ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι, βοηθήσας καὶ τροπὴν ποιήσας τῶν πολεµίων ἀπέθανε κάλλιστα, καί µιν Ἀθηναῖοι δηµοσίῃ τε ἔθαψαν αὐτοῦ τῇ περ ἔπεσε καὶ ἐτίµησαν µεγάλως. And having wondered at the thing having been said, Croesus asked eagerly: "In what way indeed do you decide that Tellus is the happiest?" And he said, "To Tellus there were in part, the city being well off, children, noble and good, and he saw for them all children having been born and all having grown up: In part to him being well-off in life, just as things in our time, a most brilliant death came after life: For a fight having been for the Athenians against their neighbors in Eleusis, having assisted and having made a rout of the enemies, he died most nobly, and the Athenians buried him at public expense in the very place where he fell, and they honored him greatly. ἀποθωµάσας - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. λεχθὲν - Aor. pass. part. n. acc. sg. εἴρετο - Imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act. κρίνεις - Pres. indic. act. 2nd sg. πόλιος...ἡκούσης - Gen. Abs., Pres. act. part. f. gen. sg. εἶδε - Aor. 3rd sg. indic. act., syllab. aug. ἐκγενόµενα - Aor. dep. part. n. acc. pl. παραµείναντα - Aor. act. part. n. acc. pl. ἥκοντι - Pres. act. part. m. dat. sg. ἐπεγένετο - Aor. 3rd sg. indic. dep. γενοµένης...µάχης - Gen. Abs., Aor. dep. part. f. gen. sg. βοηθήσας, ποιήσας - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. Available at dgddissemination.wordpress.com 1

2 ἀπέθανε - Syllab. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. ἔθαψαν, ἐτίµησαν- Syllab. aug. aor. 3rd pl. indic. act. ὣς δὲ τὰ κατὰ τὸν Τέλλον προετρέψατο ὁ Σόλων τὸν Κροῖσον εἴπας πολλά τε καὶ ὀλβία, ἐπειρώτα τίνα δεύτερον µετ ἐκεῖνον ἴδοι, δοκέων πάγχυ δευτερεῖα γῶν οἴσεσθαι. ὃ δ εἶπε Κλέοβίν τε καὶ Βίτωνα. τούτοισι γὰρ ἐοῦσι γένος Ἀργείοισι βίος τε ἀρκέων ὑπῆν, καὶ πρὸς τούτῳ ῥώµη σώµατος τοιήδε: ἀεθλοφόροι τε ἀµφότεροι ὁµοίως ἦσαν, καὶ δὴ καὶ λέγεται ὅδε ὁ λόγος. ἐούσης ὁρτῆς τῇ Ἥρῃ τοῖσι Ἀργείοισι ἔδεε πάντως τὴν µητέρα αὐτῶν ζεύγεϊ κοµισθῆναι ἐς τὸ ἱρόν, οἱ δέ σφι βόες ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ οὐ παρεγίνοντο ἐν ὥρῃ: ἐκκληιόµενοι δὲ τῇ ὥρῃ οἱ νεηνίαι ὑποδύντες αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τὴν ζεύγλην εἷλκον τὴν ἅµαξαν, ἐπὶ τῆς ἁµάξης δέ σφι ὠχέετο ἡ µήτηρ: σταδίους δὲ πέντε καὶ τεσσεράκοντα διακοµίσαντες ἀπίκοντο ἐς τὸ ἱρόν. When Solon persuaded Croesus these things about Tellus, having said both many and blessed things, he inquired whom he sees second after this man, thinking wholly that he will at least carry the second prize. But he said, "Both Cleobis and Biton. For for these men being Argives in race, both their life remained being enough, and in addition to this their strength of body was such: Both were similarly athletic prize winners, and especially the following account is told. A festival to Hera being for the Argives, it was wholly necessary that their mother be brought to the temple by a cart, but cattle for them were not present from the fields in time: But constrained by time, the young men themselves, having gone under the strap of a yoke, dragged the wagon,the mother for them proceeded on the wagon: Having brought it over five and forty stades, they arrived at the temple. προετρέψατο - Aor. 3rd sg. mid. indic. εἴπας - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. ἐπειρώτα - 3rd sg. imperf. indic. act., contracted from ἐπειρωταε ἴδοι - Aor. 3rd sg. opt. act. δοκέων - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. οἴσεσθαι - Fut. mid. inf. ἐοῦσι - Pres. part. m. dat. pl. ἀρκέων - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. λέγεται - 3rd sg. pres. indic. pass. ἐούσης ὁρτῆς - Gen. abs., pres. part.f. gen. sg. ἔδεε - It was necessary κοµισθῆναι - Aor. pass. inf. παρεγίνοντο - Imperf. 3rd pl. dep. indic. ἐκκληιόµενοι - Pres. pass. part. m. pl. nom. ὑποδύντες - Aor. act. part. m. nom. pl. εἷλκον - Temp. aug. 3rd sg. imperf. indic. act. ὠχέετο - Temp. aug. 3rd sg. imperf. indi. dep. διακοµίσαντες - Aor. act. part. m. nom. pl. ἀπίκοντο - Aor. dep. 3rd pl. indic. ταῦτα δέ σφι ποιήσασι καὶ ὀφθεῖσι ὑπὸ τῆς πανηγύριος τελευτὴ τοῦ βίου ἀρίστη ἐπεγένετο, διέδεξέ τε ἐν τούτοισι ὁ θεὸς ὡς ἄµεινον εἴη ἀνθρώπῳ τεθνάναι µᾶλλον ἢ ζώειν. Ἀργεῖοι µὲν γὰρ περιστάντες ἐµακάριζον τῶν νεηνιέων τὴν ῥώµην, αἱ δὲ Ἀργεῖαι τὴν µητέρα αὐτῶν, οἵων τέκνων ἐκύρησε: ἡ δὲ µήτηρ περιχαρής ἐοῦσα τῷ τε ἔργῳ καὶ τῇ φήµῃ, στᾶσα ἀντίον τοῦ ἀγάλµατος εὔχετο Κλεόβι τε καὶ Βίτωνι τοῖσι ἑωυτῆς τέκνοισι, οἵ µιν ἐτίµησαν µεγάλως, τὴν θεὸν δοῦναι τὸ ἀνθρώπῳ τυχεῖν ἄριστον ἐστί. To those having done these things and having been seen by the assembly, the best end of life came, and in these things the god showed that it was better for a man to die rather than to live. For the Argive men, having stood around, deemed blessed the bodily strength of the young men, and the Argive women (deemed blessed) their mother, what sort of children she obtained: And the mother, being very pleased both by the work and by the praise, having stood opposite a statue, prayed for her children, both Cleobis and Biton, who honored her greatly, that the goddess give that which it is best for a mortal to attain. ποιήσασι - Aor. act. part. m. dat. pl. ὀφθεῖσι - Aor. pass. part. m. dat. pl. ἐπεγένετο - Syllab. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. dep. διέδεξέ - Aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. τεθνάναι - Perf. act. inf. ζώειν - Pres. act. inf. Available at dgddissemination.wordpress.com 2

3 περιστάντες - Aor. act. part. m. nom. pl. ἐµακάριζον - Syllab. aug. imperf. 3rd pl. indic. act. ἐκύρησε - Syllab. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. ἐοῦσα - Pres. part. f. nom. sg. στᾶσα - Aor. act. part. f. nom. sg. εὔχετο - Imperf. 3rd sg. indic. dep. ἐτίµησαν- Syllab. aug. aor. 3rd pl. indic. act. δοῦναι - Aor. act. inf., τυχεῖν µετὰ ταύτην δὲ τὴν εὐχὴν ὡς ἔθυσάν τε καὶ εὐωχήθησαν, κατακοιµηθέντες ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ ἱρῷ οἱ νεηνίαι οὐκέτι ἀνέστησαν ἀλλ ἐν τέλεϊ τούτῳ ἔσχοντο. Ἀργεῖοι δὲ σφέων εἰκόνας ποιησάµενοι ἀνέθεσαν ἐς Δελφοὺς ὡς ἀριστῶν γενοµένων. Σόλων µὲν δὴ εὐδαιµονίης δευτερεῖα ἔνεµε τούτοισι, Κροῖσος δὲ σπερχθεὶς εἶπε ὦ ξεῖνε Ἀθηναῖε, ἡ δ ἡµετέρη εὐδαιµονίη οὕτω τοι ἀπέρριπται ἐς τὸ µηδὲν ὥστε οὐδὲ ἰδιωτέων ἀνδρῶν ἀξίους ἡµέας ἐποίησας; ὁ δὲ εἶπε ὦ Κροῖσε, ἐπιστάµενόν µε τὸ θεῖον πᾶν ἐὸν φθονερόν τε καὶ ταραχῶδες ἐπειρωτᾷς ἀνθρωπηίων πρηγµάτων πέρι. After this prayer, when they both sacrificed and were feasted, having fallen asleep in the temple itself, the young men no longer stood up but were held bound in the end. And the Argives, having had statues of them made, dedicated them to Delphi since these men were being the best." Indeed Solon distributed to them the second prize of happiness, and Croesus, having become angry, said, "O Athenian stranger, has our happiness been so thrown aside by you to nothing that you made us not worthy of private citizens of men?" And he said, "O Croesus, you ask me, understanding that every divine thing is both jealous and confusing about the deeds of men. ἔθυσάν - Aor. indic. act. 3rd pl. εὐωχήθησαν - Aor. pass. indic. 3rd pl. κατακοιµηθέντες - Aor. pass. part. m. nom. pl. ἀνέστησαν - Aor. indic. act. 3rd pl. ἔσχοντο - Aor. mid. 3rd pl. indic. ποιησάµενοι - Aor. mid. part. m. nom. pl., in mid. has sense of "having had [something] made" ἀνέθεσαν - Aor. indic. act. 3rd pl. ἀριστῶν γενοµένων - Gen. abs, aor. dep. part. m. gen. pl. ἔνεµε - Syllab. aug. imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act. σπερχθεὶς - Aor. pass. part. m. nom. sg. ἀπέρριπται - Syllab. aug. 3rd sg. perf. pass. ὥστε - Result clause ἐποίησας - Syllab. aug. aor. 2nd sg. indic. act. ἐπιστάµενόν - Pres. dep. part. m. acc. sg. ἐὸν - Pres. part. n. acc. sg. ἐπειρωτᾷς - Pres. indic. act. 2nd sg., contracted from ἐπειρωταεις σκοπέειν δὲ χρὴ παντὸς χρήµατος τὴν τελευτήν, κῇ ἀποβήσεται: πολλοῖσι γὰρ δὴ ὑποδέξας ὄλβον ὁ θεὸς προρρίζους ἀνέτρεψε. ταῦτα λέγων τῷ Κροίσῳ οὔ κως οὔτε ἐχαρίζετο, οὔτε λόγου µιν ποιησάµενος οὐδενὸς ἀποπέµπεται, κάρτα δόξας ἀµαθέα εἶναι, ὃς τὰ παρεόντα ἀγαθὰ µετεὶς τὴν τελευτὴν παντὸς χρήµατος ὁρᾶν ἐκέλευε. And it is necessary to look at the end of every thing, in what way it will turn out: For indeed having shown prosperity to many men, the god utterly turned them." Saying these things to Croesus, not in any way did he please him, and having considered him of no account, he sends him away, having thought him to be very unlearned who, passing over the good things being present, commanded him to see an end of every matter. σκοπέειν - Pres. act. inf. ἀποβήσεται - Fut. indic. dep. 3rd sg. ὑποδέξας - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. ἀνέτρεψε - Aor. indic. act. 3rd sg. λέγων - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. ἐχαρίζετο - Syllab. aug. imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act. λόγου µιν ποιησάµενος οὐδενὸς - Idiomatic for "having considered him of no account" ποιησάµενος - Aor. mid. part. m. nom. sg. ἀποπέµπεται - Pres. 3rd sg. indic. mid. δόξας - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. παρεόντα - Pres. part. n. acc. pl. µετεὶς - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. ἐκέλευε - Syllab. aug. imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act. ὁρᾶν - Pres. act. inf., contracted from ὁραειν Available at dgddissemination.wordpress.com 3

4 µετὰ δὲ Σόλωνα οἰχόµενον ἔλαβέ ἐκ θεοῦ νέµεσις µεγάλη Κροῖσον, ὡς εἰκάσαι, ὅτι ἐνόµισε ἑωυτὸν εἶναι ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων ὀλβιώτατον. αὐτίκα δέ οἱ εὕδοντι ἐπέστη ὄνειρος, ὅς οἱ τὴν ἀληθείην ἔφαινε τῶν µελλόντων γενέσθαι κακῶν κατὰ τὸν παῖδα. ἦσαν δὲ τῷ Κροίσῳ δύο παῖδες, τῶν οὕτερος µὲν διέφθαρτο, ἦν γὰρ δὴ κωφός, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος τῶν ἡλίκων µακρῷ τὰ πάντα πρῶτος: οὔνοµα δέ οἱ ἦν Ἄτυς. τοῦτον δὴ ὦν τὸν Ἄτυν σηµαίνει τῷ Κροίσῳ ὁ ὄνειρος, ὡς ἀπολέει µιν αἰχµῇ σιδηρέῃ βληθέντα. And after Solon departing, great resentment from God seized Croesus, so as to guess, because he considered himself to be the happiest of all men. And at once a dream stood upon him sleeping, which revealed to him the truth of bad things being about to happen to his child. There were to Croesus two children, of whom one had been disabled, for he was dumb, and the other was the first by far in all things of men his age: And the name to him was Atys. Indeed the dream points out this Atys to Croesus, that he will lose him, having been struck by an iron spear. οἰχόµενον - Pres. dep. part. m. acc. sg. ἔλαβέ - Syllab. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. εἰκάσαι - Aor. act. inf. ἐνόµισε - Syllab. aug. 3rd sg. aor. indic. act. ἁπάντων ὀλβιώτατον - Partitive gen. ἐπέστη - Aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. εὕδοντι - Pres. act. part. m. dat. sg. ἔφαινε - Syllab. aug. imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act. µελλόντων - Pres. act. part. n. gen. pl. γενέσθαι - Aor. dep. inf. τῷ Κροίσῳ - Dat. of possession οὕτερος - Crasis of ὁ ἑτερος διέφθαρτο - Plpf. pass. 3rd sg. indic. τῶν ἡλίκων - Partitive gen. τὰ πάντα - Acc. of respect οἱ - Dat. of possession ἀπολέει - Fut. 3rd sg. indic. act. βληθέντα - Aor. pass. part. m. acc. sg. ὃ δ ἐπείτε ἐξηγέρθη καὶ ἑωυτῷ λόγον ἔδωκε, καταρρωδήσας τὸν ὄνειρον ἄγεται µὲν τῷ παιδὶ γυναῖκα, ἐωθότα δὲ στρατηγέειν µιν τῶν Λυδῶν οὐδαµῇ ἔτι ἐπὶ τοιοῦτο πρῆγµα ἐξέπεµπε: ἀκόντια δὲ καὶ δοράτια καὶ τά τοιαῦτα πάντα τοῖσι χρέωνται ἐς πόλεµον ἄνθρωποι, ἐκ τῶν ἀνδρεώνων ἐκκοµίσας ἐς τοὺς θαλάµους συνένησε, µή τί οἱ κρεµάµενον τῷ παιδὶ ἐµπέσῃ. And when he was awakened, and he gave a word to himself, having dreaded his dream, he leads a wife to his son, and no longer did he send him out upon such a deed in any place though being accustomed to commanding the Lydians. And having carried the javelins and spears and all such things with which men engage in war, out of the men's quarters, he piled them together in the storerooms, lest anything hanging up fall on his son. ἐπείτε - ἐπει + τε ἐξηγέρθη - Aor. pass. 3rd sg. indic. λόγον ἔδωκε - Idiomatic for "make a plan" καταρρωδήσας - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. στρατηγέειν - Pres. act. inf. ἐξέπεµπε - Syllab. aug. imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act. χρέωνται - 3rd pl. pres. subj. act. συνένησε - Aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. µή - Negative purpose clause κρεµάµενον - Pres. pass. part. n. nom. sg. ἐµπέσῃ - Aor. 3rd sg. subj. act. Available at dgddissemination.wordpress.com 4

5 ἔχοντος δέ οἱ ἐν χερσὶ τοῦ παιδὸς τὸν γάµον, ἀπικνέεται ἐς τὰς Σάρδις ἀνὴρ συµφορῇ ἐχόµενος καὶ οὐ καθαρὸς χεῖρας, ἐὼν Φρὺξ µὲν γενεῇ, γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληίου. παρελθὼν δὲ οὗτος ἐς τὰ Κροίσου οἰκία κατὰ νόµους τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους καθαρσίου ἐδέετο κυρῆσαι, Κροῖσος δέ µιν ἐκάθηρε. ἔστι δὲ παραπλησίη ἡ κάθαρσις τοῖσι Λυδοῖσι καὶ τοῖσι Ἕλλησι. ἐπείτε δὲ τὰ νοµιζόµενα ἐποίησε ὁ Κροῖσος, ἐπυνθάνετο ὁκόθεν τε καὶ τίς εἴη, λέγων τάδε: ὤνθρωπε, τίς τε ἐὼν καὶ κόθεν τῆς Φρυγίης ἥκων ἐπίστιός µοι ἐγένεο; τίνα τε ἀνδρῶν ἢ γυναικῶν ἐφόνευσας; And his child having a marriage on his hands, there arrives to Sardis a man held by misfortune and not spotless with respect to his hands, being Phrygian by race, of the family of the palace. And having enetered into the house of Croesus, accoring to local laws, he asked to obtain purification, and Croesus purified him. And the purification is similar for the Lydians and for the Greeks. Since Croesus did what was customary, he attempted to learn both from what place and who he was, saying these things: "O man, both being who and having come from where of Phrygia do you come to me as a suppliant? Did you murder a certain person of men or women?" ἔχοντος...παιδὸς - Gen. abs., pres. act. part. m. gen. sg. ἀπικνέεται - Pres. 3rd sg. dep. indic. ἐχόµενος - Pres. pass. part. m. nom. sg. χεῖρας - Acc. of respect ἐὼν - Pres. part. m. nom. sg. γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληίου - Idiomatic for 'royal family' παρελθὼν - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. κυρῆσαι - Aor. act. inf. ἐκάθηρε - Syllab. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. ἐπείτε - ἐπει + τε νοµιζόµενα - Pres. pass. part. n. acc. pl. ἐποίησε - Syllab. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. ἐπυνθάνετο - Imperf. 3rd sg. indic. dep. εἴη - 3rd sg. opt. of εἰµι λέγων - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. ἐὼν - Pres. part. m. nom. sg. ἥκων - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. ( being present' = 'having come') ἐγένεο - Aor. indic. dep. 2nd sg. ἐφόνευσας - Aor. indic. act. 2nd sg. ὁ δὲ ἀµείβετο ὦ βασιλεῦ, Γορδίεω µὲν τοῦ Μίδεω εἰµὶ παῖς, ὀνοµάζοµαι δὲ Ἄδρηστος, φονεύσας δὲ ἀδελφεὸν ἐµεωυτοῦ ἀέκων πάρειµι ἐξεληλαµένος τε ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ ἐστερηµένος πάντων. Κροῖσος δέ µιν ἀµείβετο τοῖσιδε: ἀνδρῶν τε φίλων τυγχάνεις ἔκγονος ἐὼν καὶ ἐλήλυθας ἐς φίλους, ἔνθα ἀµηχανήσεις χρήµατος οὐδενὸς µένων ἐν ἡµετέρου, συµφορήν τε ταύτην ὡς κουφότατα φέρων κερδανέεις πλεῖστον. ὃ µὲν δὴ δίαιταν εἶχε ἐν Κροίσου. And he replied, "I am the son of Gordias, son of Midas, and I am called Adrastus by name, and having murdered my brother unwillingly, I am present, both having been driven out by father and deprived of all things." And Croesus answered him with these things: "You happen to be the offspring of dear men and to have come to dear men, where you will be at a loss for nothing, remaining in our house and you will profit the most, bearing such misfortune as lightly as possible." And he indeed was living his life in Croesus. Γορδίεω, Μίδεω - Patronymics τοῦ - Idiomatic for "son of" φονεύσας - Aor. act. part. m. nom. sg. ἐξεληλαµένος, ἐστερηµένος - Perf. pass. part. m. nom. sg. τυγχάνεις...ἐὼν/ἐλήλυθας - "happen to [participle]", 2nd sg. pres. indic. act. ἐλήλυθας - Perf. act. part. m. nom. sg. ἀµηχανήσεις, κερδανέεις - Fut. 2nd sg. indic. act. µενων, φέρων - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. ὡς κουφότατα - Idiomatic for "as [superlative] as possible" δίαιταν εἶχε - Idiomatic for "was living his life" Available at dgddissemination.wordpress.com 5

6 ἐν δὲ τῷ αὐτῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ ἐν τῷ Μυσίῳ Ὀλύµπῳ ὑὸς χρῆµα γίνεται µέγα: ὁρµώµενος δὲ οὗτος ἐκ τοῦ ὄρεος τούτου τὰτῶν Μυσῶν ἔργα διαφθείρεσκε. πολλάκις δὲ οἱ Μυσοὶ ἐπ αὐτὸν ἐξελθόντες ποιέεσκον µὲν κακὸν οὐδέν, ἔπασχον δὲ πρὸς αὐτοῦ. τέλος δὲ ἀπικόµενοι παρὰ τὸν Κροῖσον τῶν Μυσῶν ἄγγελοι ἔλεγον τάδε. ὦ βασιλεῦ, ὑὸς χρῆµα µέγιστον ἀνεφάνη ἡµῖν ἐν τῇ χώρῃ, ὃς τὰ ἔργα διαφθείρει. τοῦτον προθυµεόµενοι ἑλεῖν οὐ δυνάµεθα. νῦν ὦν προσδεόµεθά σευ τὸν παῖδα καὶ λογάδας νεηνίας καὶ κύνας συµπέµψαι ἡµῖν, ὡς ἄν µιν ἐξέλωµεν ἐκ τῆς χώρης. At the same time in Mysian Olympus, there is a great thing of a boar: And setting out from the mountain, this thing was destroying the works of the Mysians. And frequently the Mysians, having come out against this thing, did nothing bad but suffered from it. And messengers of the Mysians, having come to Croesus said these things in the end. "O king, a great thing of a boar appeared to us on the land, which destroys our works. Eager, we are not able to seize it. Now we therefore ask you in addition to send your son and picked young men and dogs along with us, so that we may remove it from the land." γίνεται - Pres. 3rd sg. indic. dep. ὁρµώµενος - ὁρµαοµενος, Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. διαφθείρεσκε - 3rd sg. iterative act-- repeated/continual past action ἐξελθόντες - Aor. act. part. m. nom. pl. ποιέεσκον - 3rd pl. iterative act.--repeated/continual past action ἀπικόµενοι - Aor. part. dep. m. nom. pl. ἔλεγον - Imperf. 3rd pl. indic. act. ἀνεφάνη - 3rd sg. aor. indic. pass. διαφθείρει - 3rd sg. pres. indic. act. ἑλεῖν - Aor. act. inf. δυνάµεθα - Athematic pres. indic. act. 1st pl. προσδεόµεθά - Pres. indic. dep. 1st pl. συµπέµψαι - Aor. act. inf. ὡς - Purpose clause ἐξέλωµεν - Aor. subj. act. 1st pl. οἳ µὲν δὴ τούτων ἐδέοντο, Κροῖσος δὲ µνηµονεύων τοῦ ὀνείρου τὰ ἔπεα ἔλεγέ σφι τάδε. παιδὸς µὲν πέρι τοῦ ἐµοῦ µὴ µνησθῆτε ἔτι: οὐ γὰρ ἂν ὑµῖν συµπέµψαιµι: νεόγαµός τε γὰρ ἐστὶ καὶ ταῦτά οἱ νῦν µέλει. Λυδῶν µέντοι λογάδας καὶ τὸ κυνηγέσιον πᾶν συµπέµψω, καὶ διακελεύσοµαι τοῖσι ἰοῦσι εἶναι ὡς προθυµοτάτοισι συνεξελεῖν ὑµῖν τὸ θηρίον ἐκ τῆς χώρης. Indeed they asked for these things, but Croesus, recalling his dream, said these words to them. "Concerning my child, no longer mention him: For I could not send him along with you: For he is newly married, and these things are now a care for him. However, I will send along a whole pack of hounds and picked men, and I shall bid those going to be as eager as possible to remove the beast from your land." µνηµονεύων - Pres. act. part. m. nom. sg. µνησθῆτε - 2nd pl. aor. imperative act. συµπέµψαιµι - 1st sg. opt. act., potential opt. µέλει - Pres. indic. act. 3rd sg. w/ n. pl. subject διακελεύσοµαι - Fut. act. 1st sg. indic. ἰοῦσι - Pres. act. part. m. dat. pl. from εἶµι ὡς προθυµοτάτοισι - Idiomatic for "as [superlative] as possible" συνεξελεῖν - Aor. act. inf. Available at dgddissemination.wordpress.com 6