RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

Transcript

1 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

2 REN21 STEERING COMMITTEE

3 RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY NETWORK FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS

5 TABLES FIGURES SIDEBARS REFERENCE TABLES RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 5

6 THE REN21 RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT AND RENEWABLES INTERACTIVE MAP 6

7 FOREWORD 7 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

8 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Research Director and Lead Author Research Director/Lead Author Emeritus Section Authors REN21 Project Management REN21 Research Support and Supplementary Authorship Editing, Design, and Layout Production Lead Country and Regional Researchers

9 02 Lead Topical Researchers Other Contributors, Researchers, and Reviewers 9 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

10 3.5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PV MWh US$ ,331 kw heating 8 120,000 billion US$ MW US$ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10

11 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2010 Market and Industry Highlights and Ongoing Trends WIND POWER. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL POWER (CSP) 12 SOLAR HOT WATER/HEATING.

13 BIOMASS POWER AND HEAT BIOFUELS. GEOTHERMAL POWER AND HEAT. HYDROPOWER. OCEAN ENERGY. A Dynamic Policy Landscape RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 13

14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Rural Renewable Energy 14

15 SELECTED INDICATORS AND TOP FIVE COUNTRIES SELECTED INDICATORS 2008 R 2009 R 2010 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R TOP FIVE COUNTRIES Annual additions in 2010 TOP FIVE COUNTRIES Existing capacity as of end-2010 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 15

16 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW 16

17 01 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW POWER GENERATION MARKETS Figure 1. Renewable Energy Share of Global Final Energy Consumption, % RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 17

18 01GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW Figure 2. Average Annual Growth Rates of Renewable Energy Capacity and Biofuels Production, % 72% 25% 27% 25% 60% 77% 7 81% 3% 4% 3% 3% 7% 16% 16% 17% 23% 38% Figure 3. Renewable Energy Share of Global Electricity Production,

19 01 Figure 4. Renewable Power Capacities*, Developing World, EU, and Top Five Countries, Wind Power RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 19

20 MARKET OVERVIEW 01GLOBAL Figure 5. Wind Power, Existing World Capacity, Figure 6. Wind Power Capacity, Top 10 Countries,

21 01 Biomass Power RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 21

22 MARKET OVERVIEW 01GLOBAL Solar Photovoltaic Power 22

23 01 Figure 7. Solar PV, Existing World Capacity, Figure 8. Solar PV Capacity, Top 10 Countries, 2010 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 23

24 01GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW Geothermal Power 24

25 01 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Hydropower RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 25

26 01GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW Ocean Energy 26

27 01 Sidebar 1. OCEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND COMMERCIALIZATION RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 27

28 01GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW 28 HEATING AND COOLING MARKETS Biomass Heating

29 01 Solar Heating and Cooling Figure 9. Solar Heating Added Capacity, Top 12 Countries, 2009 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 29

30 01GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW Figure 10. Solar Heating Existing Capacity, Top 12 Countries, 2009 existing in capacity city Geothermal Direct Use 30

31 01 TRANSPORT FUEL MARKETS Ethanol RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 31

32 01GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW Figure 11. Ethanol and Biodiesel Production, Biodiesel 32

33 01 Table 1. Status of Renewable Energy Technologies: Characteristics and Costs Typical Energy Costs Technology Typical Characteristics (U.S. cents/kilowatt-hour) Power Generation Hot Water/Heating/Cooling Biofuels Rural Energy RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 33

34 02 INVESTMENT FLOWS

35 02 02 INVESTMENT FLOWS Figure 12. Global New Investment in Renewable Energy, Investment by Region RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 35

36 Investment by Type 36 02INVESTMENT FLOWS

37 02 Development and National Bank Finance Sidebar 2. INVESTMENT TRENDS IN EARLY RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

38 03 INDUSTRY TRENDS 38

39 03 03 INDUSTRY TRENDS Wind Power Industry Figure 13. Market Shares of Top 10 Wind Turbine Manufacturers, 2010 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 39

40 03INDUSTRY TRENDS Biomass Power and Heat Industry 40

41 03 Solar PV Industry Figure 14. Market Shares of Top 15 Solar PV Cell Manufacturers, 2010 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 41

42 03INDUSTRY TRENDS Sidebar 3. SUSTAINABILITY SPOTLIGHT: RARE-EARTH MINERALS AND PV RECYCLING 42

43 03 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) Industry Geothermal Heat and Power Industry RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 43

44 03INDUSTRY TRENDS Hydropower Industry Ocean Energy Industry 44

45 03 Solar Heating and Cooling Industry Ethanol Industry RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 45

46 03INDUSTRY TRENDS Biodiesel Industry Advanced Biofuels Industry 46

47 03 Sidebar 4. JOBS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY Estimated jobs Industry worldwide Selected national estimates RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 47

48 04 POLICY LANDSCAPE 48

49 04 04 POLICY LANDSCAPE POLICY TARGETS RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 49

50 04POLICY LANDSCAPE Figure 15. EU Renewable Shares of Final Energy, 2005 and 2009, with Targets for % 25% 25% 24% 23% 23% 20% 18% 18% 17% 16% 16% 15% 15% 14% 14% 3% 3% 13% 13% 11% 10% 34 % 31 % 30% 38 % 42% 50%* 50

51 04 POWER GENERATION POLICIES Sidebar 5. IPCC SPECIAL REPORT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 51

52 04POLICY LANDSCAPE Table 2. Renewable Energy Support Policies REGULATORY POLICIES FISCAL INCENTIVES PUBLIC FINANCING 52 HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES

53 04 Table 2. Renewable Energy Support Policies (continued) REGULATORY POLICIES FISCAL INCENTIVES PUBLIC FINANCING UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 53

54 04POLICY LANDSCAPE Table 2. Renewable Energy Support Policies (continued) REGULATORY POLICIES FISCAL INCENTIVES PUBLIC FINANCING LOWER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES LOW INCOME COUNTRIES 54

55 04 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 55

56 04POLICY LANDSCAPE Sidebar 6. WHAT IS A FEED-IN TARIFF? 56

57 04 GREEN ENERGY PURCHASING AND LABELING RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 57

58 58 04POLICY LANDSCAPE Sidebar 7. GRID INTEGRATION AND COMPLEMENTARY INFRASTRUCTURE

59 04 HEATING AND COOLING POLICIES RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 59

60 04POLICY LANDSCAPE 60 TRANSPORT POLICIES

61 04 CITY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 61

62 04POLICY LANDSCAPE 62

63 04 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 63

64 05 RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY 64

65 05 05 RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY Rural Transition to New and Renewable Energy Systems Household Lighting and Communications RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 65

66 05RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY Table 3. Transition to Renewable Energy in Rural (Off-Grid) Areas Rural Energy Service Existing Off-Grid Rural Examples of New and Renewable Energy Sources Energy Technologies 66

67 05 Sidebar 8. LIGHTING AFRICA: LESSONS IN MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 67

68 05RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY Cooking and Heating 68

69 05 Motive Power, Irrigation, and Village-Scale Systems RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 69

70 05RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY 70 Trends in Financing Off-Grid Renewable Energy

71 REFERENCE TABLES Table R1. Renewable Energy Added and Existing Capacities, Table R2. Added and Existing Wind Power, Top 10 Countries, RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 71

72 REFERENCE TABLES Table R3. Solar PV Additions and Existing Capacity,

73 Table R4. Renewable Electric Power Capacity, Existing at End of 2010 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 73

74 Table R5. Solar Hot Water Installed Capacity, Top 12 Countries/EU and World Total, 2009 Country/EU Additions 2009 Existing

75 Table R6. Biofuels Production, Top 15 Countries and EU Total, 2010 Country Fuel ethanol Biodiesel Total RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 75

76 Table R7. Share of Primary and Final Energy from Renewables, Existing in 2008/2009 and Targets Country/Region Existing Share Future Target Existing Share Future Target 2 (2008/2009) 1 (2009) R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R 76

77 Table R7. Share of Primary and Final Energy from Renewables, Existing in 2008/2009 and Targets (continued) Country/Region Existing Share Future Target Existing Share (2008/2009) 1 (2009) Future Target 2 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 77

78 Table R7 Annex. Primary Energy Shares of Countries without Primary or Final Energy Targets Country Existing Share (2009) 78

79 Table R8. Share of Electricity from Renewables, Existing in 2009, and Targets Existing Share Country/Region (end 2009) Future Target Country/Region Existing Share (end 2009) Future Target R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 79

80 Table R8 Annex. Existing Renewables Share of Electricity Production in Countries without Targets Country/ Region Existing Share Country/ Region Existing Share Country/ Region Existing Share (end 2009) (end 2009) (end 2009) 80

81 Table R9. Other Renewable Energy Targets Country/ Region Targets RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 81

82 Table R9. Other Renewable Energy Targets (continued) 82

83 Table R9. Other Renewable Energy Targets (continued) RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 83

84 Table R10. Cumulative Number of Countries/States/Provinces Enacting Feed-in Policies Year Cumulative Number Countries/States/Provinces Added That Year 84

85 Table R11. Cumulative Number of Countries/States/Provinces Enacting RPS/Quota Policies Year Cumulative Number Countries/States/Provinces Added That Year RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 85

86 Table R12. Biofuels Blending Mandates Country Mandate 86

87 Table R13. City and Local Renewable Energy Policies: Selected Examples CO 2 Emissions Reductions Targets Targets for Share of Renewable Energy by All Consumers Targets for Share of Renewable Electricity by All Consumers RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 87

88 Table R13. City and Local Renewable Energy Policies: Selected Examples (continued) Targets for Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy Targets for Government Own-Use Purchases of Renewable Energy Targets for Share of Buildings with Renewable Energy Tax Credits and Exemptions 88

89 Table R13. City and Local Renewable Energy Policies: Selected Examples (continued) Urban Planning Building Codes and Permitting Transport Infrastructure and Fuels Mandates, Operation, Investment, and Subsidies RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 89

90 Table R13. City and Local Renewable Energy Policies: Selected Examples (continued) Municipal Electric Utility Policies Subsidies, Grants, and Loans Government Funds and Investments 90

91 G 91 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT GLOSSARY GLOSSARY

92 G 92 GLOSSARY

93 NNOTES NOTE ON ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING OF INSTALLED CAPACITIES 1. Capacity vs. energy data. 2. Constructed capacity vs. connected capacity and operational capacity. 3. Complexities of biomass energy. 4. Total PV vs. grid-connected and off-grid PV. RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 93

94 NNOTES 5. Total hydro vs. small- and large-scale hydro. NOTE ON FURTHER INFORMATION AND SOURCES OF DATA 94

95 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 95

96 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW

97 01 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 97

98 01 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW ENDNOTES 98

99 01 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 99

100 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW

101 01 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 101

102 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW

103 01 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 103

104 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW

105 01 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 105

106 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW

107 01 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 107

108 03ENDNOTES 03 INDUSTRY TRENDS INDUSTRY TRENDS

109 03 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 109

110 04ENDNOTES 04 POLICY LANDSCAPE POLICY LANDSCAPE

111 04 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 111

112 04ENDNOTES 04 POLICY LANDSCAPE

113 04 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 113

114 05 05ENDNOTES 05 RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

115 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS COPYRIGHT & IMPRINT PHOTO CREDITS RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 115

116 RENEWABLES 2011 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT REN21 c/o UNEP 15, Rue de Milan F Paris CEDEX 09 France