Contamination and Risk of Phthalate Esters in Sediments from a Plastic Waste Recycling Area

29 4 2016 4 Research of Environmental Sciences Vol 29 No 4 Apr 2016 J 2016 294 558-565 WANG Yuwen ZENG Ning CHAI Miao et al Contamination and risk of phthalate esters in sediments from a plastic waste recycling areaj Research of Environmental Sciences 2016 294 558-565 1 2 1 1* 1 102206 2 621900 GC-MS 16 PAEsphthalate esters w 16 PAEs0 527 ~ 102 μgg 18 9 μgg DEHP 2- PAEs w PAEs66 6% PAEs wdehp 14 2 μggwdbp 1 41 μgg DBP ERLs wdibp DIBP 0 610 μgg DBP DEHP X142 1001-6929201604-0558-08 A DOI10 13198j issn 1001-6929 2016 04 13 Contamination and Risk of Phthalate Esters in Sediments from a Plastic Waste Recycling Area WANG Yuwen 1 ZENG Ning 2 CHAI Miao 1 TANG Zhenwu 1* 1 Environmental Research AcademyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China 2 Institute of MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China AbstractThe contamination features and ecotoxicological risks of phthalate esters PAEs in sediments from a plastic waste recycling area in Hebei Province were investigated to improve our understanding of the extent of PAEs pollution caused by plastic waste recycling operations Samples were detected using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer GC-MS The total concentrations of 16 PAEs ranged from 0 527 to 102 μgg With a mean concentration of 18 9 μggdi2-ethylhexylphthalate DEHPwas the most dominant congeneraccounting for 66 6% of the total PAEs in the sediments Source assessment indicated that the PAEs in the sediments were mainly derived from the inputs from poorly controlled plastic waste recycling operations The results showed that the concentrations of DEHP and di-n-butyl phthalate DBP exceeded the Environmental Risk Limits ERLs and the concentrations of diisobutyl phthalate DIBPexceeded the environmental quality standards for sediment of Washington State0 610 μgg The risk levels from exposure to DBP and DEHP in the sediment were unacceptable for fish and algaerespectivelyand therefore they should be paid attention to Keywordsphthalate esters PAEs plastic waste recyclingsedimentscontamination featuresrisks 2015-09-21 2016-01-12 201309023 2015MS60 1989-18810720592@ 163 com * 1975- zwtang@ ncepu edu cn PAEsphthalate esters PAEs 1 2 PAEs 500 10 4 t 3

4 559 220 10 4 t 4 PAEs 1 2 5 1977 US EPA DMP DEP DBP BBP 1 50 000 DNOP DEHP 2- DEP DBP DNOP 9 14 7 1 6 PAEs 1 kg < 20 7 100 150 μm PAEs - 20 PAEs 1 3 1 3 1 8 16 PAEs DMP DEP PAEs DIBP DBP 2- DMEP PAEs PAEs 4- -2-BMPP DPP DHXP BBP 2- PAEs DBEP DCHP PAEs 2- DEHP 1 1 1 AccuStandard J K Baker 100 ~ 200 75 ~ 150 μm 30 101 10 10 4 2007 1 3 2 13 10 8 9 30 min 250 12 h3% - - ABS PE PS 450 4 h PVC PP PA PC 10 cm 2- DEEP DPHP DNOP DNP 10 mm350 mm 1 cm 4 cm 1 cm 40 ml 278 km 1 4 10 0 g 50 ml

560 29 30 ml V V = 1 1 KX-2013TD NCI 230 150 360 W 40 khz MS 280 3 min 30 min 50 ~ 900 amu 100 ml 30 ml SIM 20 min RE52CS- 1 6 1 2 PAEs ml 70 V V = 4 1 D10-12 0 02 ml 0 50 1 GCMS 1 5 Agilent 7890GC5975MS 16 PAEs HP-5MS30 m 0 25 mm 0 25 μm 250 60 1 min20 min 220 10 2 16 20 ~ 1 000 μgl 16 PAEs 84 7% ~ 123 2% 0 942 ~ 10 1 1 min 5 min 280 4 min μgkg TOC Liqui TOCElementar 99 999% 1 0 mlmingermany wtoc 1 29 ~ 6 79 gkg 1 Fig 1 Location of sampling sites 1 7 5 PAEs PNEC sed PAEs μgg 1 ERL PAEs RQ MEC PAEs μggpnec 10 RQ > 1 US EPA 5 PAEs RQ < 1 11

4 561 1 12 PAEs PNEC sed Table 1 The predicted no effect concentration of PAEs in sediments 12 PNEC sed μgg 1 33 DMP 3 07 1 47 5 58 DEP 7 75 0 310 2 33 DBP 10 6 1 11 0 170 BBP 0 800 0 120 3 25 DEHP 25 1 2 10 4 2 1 PAEs μgg w 16 PAEs P < 0 05 wtocpaes wtoc3 w 16 PAEs P > 0 05 w 16 PAEs PAEs 2 PAEs PAEs w 16 PAEs w 16 PAEs 1 2 ~ 3 wdehp 1 3 wpaes P < 0 05 w 16 PAEs0 527 ~ 1 ~ 2 102 μgg 18 9 μggwdehp0 098 0 ~ w 16 PAEs 66 7 μgg 14 2 μgg 27# 1 w 16 PAEs 2 2 wdehp w 16 PAEs 49 3 1 ~ 2 2 PAEs Fig 2 Levels of PAEs in sediments from waste plastic recycling

562 29 2 PAEs Table 2 Phthalate ester concentrations in sediment samples from the waste plastic recycling area and from other areas wdehpμgg w PAEsμgg 2015 0 098 0 ~ 66 7 0 527 ~ 102 16 2008 48 0 ~ 221 76 3 ~ 450 5 13 2007 5 35 ~ 54 2 30 5 ~ 332 5 14 2014 0 512 ~ 29 5 0 567 ~ 47 3 16 15 2008 0 210 ~ 14 2 2 27 ~ 74 9 16 16 2013 0 365 ~ 6 24 0 585 ~ 6 74 16 17 2011 0 720 ~ 6 91 0 980 ~ 7 72 6 18 2008 0 163 ~ 0 360 0 506 ~ 0 780 4 19 2015 nd ~ 1 40 0 002 00 ~ 1 44 6 20 2014 0 250 ~ 43 1 0 360 ~ 62 1 2 21 2011 0 020 0 ~ 0 820 0 750 ~ 5 08 4 22 2 2 PAEs 16 PAEs DEP DCHP 76 6% 23 3% DBP PAEs 100% DEHP PAEs DEHP 3 w 16 PAEs14 6% ~ 96 9% PAEs 66 6% DIBP DBP PAEs DBP DEP w 16 PAEs9 00% 7 30% PAEs wdehp w DIBPw DBP w 16 PAEs82 9% DEHP DIBP DBP PAEs PAEs DIBP DBP PAEs DEHP 2 3 PAEs PAEs 23 DEHP PAEs 24 lg K OW K OW -PC1 PC2 67 8% 7 30 12 9% 4 DBP DIBP PAEs 3 PAEs Fig 3 Congener patterns of PAEs in sediments from waste plastic recycling PAEs R 0 572 ~ PAEs DEHP 0 968P < 0 05 DMP DEP DIBP 4 PAEs Fig 4 Factor loadings of PAEs congeners in two principal components DEP DMP BBP DEHP DIBP DHXP DPHP DNOP DNP DPP

4 563 DPP DHXP DNOP R > 1 00 μgg 33 0 9 P < 0 001 DMP DEP PVC 26 BBP DEHP DNOP wdbpw DEHP 1 41 14 2 PVC 27-30 μgg ERLs wdibp 2 31 μgg PVC PVC 0 610 μgg PAEs DBP DEEP 0 610 μgg 34 PAEs DCHP DMEP R 3 0 555 ~ 0 875P < 0 05 DBP 16 PAEs RQ 0 226 ~ 25 4 DMP DEP 31 DCHP 32 RQ 1 BBP 3 DBP DEEP DCHP RQ < 1 DBP DMEP RQ > 1 DEHP 2 4 PAEs RQ < 1 DBP DEHP ERLs 0 700 RQ > 1 PAEs 3 PAEs RQ Table 3 The RQ values of PAEs DMP 0 008 54 ~ 0 182 0 032 4 0 003 70 ~ 0 078 8 0 014 1 0 007 73 ~ 0 165 0 029 4 DEP nd ~ 0 106 0 013 0 nd ~ 0 076 2 0 009 31 nd ~ 1 91 0 233 DBP 0 022 1 ~ 9 40 0 604 0 004 85 ~ 2 07 0 133 0 046 3 ~ 19 7 1 27 BBP 0 098 7 ~ 1 76 0 367 0 021 0 ~ 0 375 0 078 1 0 140 ~ 2 50 0 521 DEHP 0 030 2 ~ 20 5 4 38 0 003 90 ~ 2 66 0 567 0 009 42 ~ 6 41 1 37 16 PAEs 0 226 ~ 23 5 5 40 0 0467 ~ 3 78 0 801 0 245 ~ 25 4 3 42 3 DBP DEHP a PAEs w 16 PAEs0 527 ~ 102 μgg 18 9 μgg w DEHP 14 2 μgg PAEs w 16 PAEs66 6% w 16 PAEs 1 ~ 2 b References PAEs PVC Pollution 2008 3 WANG Jun BO Luli c wdbpwdehp 1 41 14 2 μgg 4 WANG Jun wdibp 2 31 μgg 16 PAEs 1 WANG WeiWU FuyongHUANG Minjuan et al Size fraction effect on phthalate esters accumulation bioaccessibility and in vitro cytotoxicity of indooroutdoor dust and risk assessment of human exposure J Journal of Hazardous Materials 2013 261753-762 2 ZENG Feng CUI KunyuanXIE Zhiyong et al Phthalate esters PAEs emerging organic contaminants in agricultural soils in peri-urban areas around GuangzhouChina J Environmental 1562 425-434 LI Lina et al Occurrence of phthalate esters in river sediments in areas with different land use patternsj Science of the Total Environment 2014 500501113-119 CHEN Gangcai CHRISTIE P et al Occurrence and risk assessment of phthalate esters PAEsin vegetables and soils of suburban plastic film greenhousesj Science of the Total Environment 2015 523129-137

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