- / / / / FDI // : // :. FDI 3 FDI - " FDI ".. () :...... FDI : FDI..F02;F14;F23;G11;G30;O32,O40 : JEL.TNC. : 3..Foreign Direct Investment..
... FDI 114.. :..... FDI FDI FDI... FDI.. FDI. FDI. FDI :.. FDI 1. Moosa; (2002), pp 68-98.
115 /.. ().. FDI... FDI.. FDI.- ( ) FDI.. FDI.- FDI. 1.Magnus Blomstrom & Ari Kokko, (1997), p. 8. 2.UNCTAD; WIR; 1999, p. 316 & IMF; Balance of Payment Manual; pp.77-3. 3. Brens. 4. Macro,2005; chapter 3.
... FDI 116... FDI.. FDI. FDI ( " ( ) FDI " FDI : FDI -.. - FDI. - - -. FDI FDI - -. FDI 1. Romer.P.M(1986) 2. Macro, chapter 3 3. Agosin, Manuel R and Mayer, Ricardo,2000. 4. Crowding Out
117 / FDI " - () FDI ". - FDI FDI FDI ( " () " FDI - FDI. " - - - - OECD FDI " FDI.. " FDI " - OECD FDI FDI / FDI FDI.. 1. Townsen Isaac, 2003. 2. Mello De, Jr L.R (1997) 3. CasteJon, Carmen Fillat, Worz Julia, (2006)
... FDI 118 " FDI " -. R&D.. FDI FDI FDI FDI. " FDI " () - FDI.. FDI " FDI " () FDI - -. FDI FDI. FDI FDI FDI. FDI 1. Carkovic Maria and Ross Levine, 2002 2. Laura Alfaro, How Does Foreign Direct, (2007) 3. Borenztein Eduardo. Gregorio, j.de, Lee, jone wha, 1995.
119 /. FDI. FDI : FDI. FDI. FDI... " ". ) FDI ( FDI. FDI.. FDI.. FDI...
... FDI 120. FDI.. ()-- () ( - -) - - - -.. Y = A( t) L( t) K α H β F γ. : : :K : H :F :L : A ( ) Y=GDP YL=GDP/L ( ) GDP =SK=SSK ( ) =FDI GDP FDI = SF= 4 SSF = EX = IM (Ex+Im) / GDP = Open 1. Barro,R.J.& X.Sala-i-Martin,Economic Growth, (1995). 2. Steady state -. 4. Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP).
121 g + δ n FDI ln y / ( ) = n Y0 = Y1980 = sct = scp = scs Ng δ n + g + δ. :. = 1 ln( sk ) + α2 ln( s f ) + α3 ln( sh) + α4 ln( n + g + δ ) + α5 ln y0 α + ε Y0 S (n+ g + δ ) () α = (1 e 1 α = (1 e 2 α = (1 e 3 α = (1 e 4 α = (1 e 5 λt λt λt λt α ) 1 α β γ γ ) 1 α β γ β ) 1 α β γ α + β + γ ) ln( n + g + δ ) 1 α β γ λt )ln( y(0)) y0. y0 (n+ g + δ ) : α.. () t : - - 1. Panel data.. :....
... FDI 122 -. ()....-. FDI OECD.. FDI : FDI FDI. - :... 1. Jones Charies Irving. Introduction to Economic Growth,chapter (3). : "" 2. WDI (2006,2007)
123 / g + δ (n) Ngδ / ()- g. FDI... - ).. ( unbalance OLS. :. : sur period.. :Cross section sur. : period weights. GLS :Cross section weighted. -. (). (). (). (). 1. Stationary 2. Barro,Robert J.(1991). Economic Growth in cross section of countries.quarterly Jurnal of Economics 106,vol.2(may):407-433. 3. Barro,Robert J.(1995). Determinants of Economic Growth,The MIT Press London. 4. FDI,Information Technology and Economic Growth in the MENA Region
... FDI 124 ().. SCS SCP. SCT R&D. (SCP,SCS,SCT ).. POOL. - : : ( ). : ( ). YL0 : ( ). ngδ - :. () 1. Pohjola Matti. (2000). Information Technology and Economic Growth :A Cross Country Analysis, WIDER,Working Papers NO.173 2. Torge Middendorf, Essen (2006)."Human Capital and Economic Growth in OECD Countries".
125 /.- - * * C -0.167-0.084-0.129-0.064 (-15.8) (-3.4) (-5.6) (-.79) LOG(SSK?) 0.058 0.031 0.05 0.077 (16.08) (4.1) (7.76) (5.8) LOG(SSF?) 0.0042 0.0076 0.0087 0.0099 (2.51) (6.26) (2.5) (2.5) LOG(SCS?(-2)) 0.0023.001209 - ** 0.005-0.06 (2.1) (1.22) (1.79) (-3.4) R-squared.6.28.96. Adjusted R-squared.59.27.95. F 112.98 26 771 346 Sct **** sct ** SCS * YL0.- - C -0.13751-0.077-0.01422-0.06444 (-8.02) (-2.01) (-.59) (-.79) LOG(SSK?) 0.063 0.063 0.047561 0.077282 (13.67) (6.34) (5.98) (5.8) LOG(SSF?) 0.00472 0.0093 0.020447 0.009926 (3.01) (5.6) (6.1) (3.5) LOG(YL0?) -0.00538-0.013-0.0184 (-2.9) (-5.3) (-6.9) - LOG(SCS?(-2)) 0.001871 ***.004 * 0.007604 **, -0.06 (1.9) (2.13) (1.31) (-3.4) R-squared.56.54.83.98 Adjusted R-squared.55.53.81.98 F 64.43 50.5 66.1 346.1 SCS *** SCT ** SCT * SSX EX OPEN ( ). 1. Period SUR 2. Cross section Weights(*) 3. Cross section sur 4. Period SUR(*) 5. Cross-section weights 6. Cross section sur
... FDI 126.- - * * ** ** C -0.16837-0.1699-0.07-0.25 (-6.2) (-3.2) (-1.28) (-5.2) LOG(SSK?) 0.048651 0.083432 0.063 0.044 (9.2) (8.04) (4.85) (3.4) LOG(SSF?) 0.048651 0.015018 0.01 0.003 (1.54) (8.5) (4.41) (2) LOG(SCS?(-2)) 0.003086-0.00323 (2.7) (-2.2) - - LOG(YL0?) -0.00776-0.00829-0.01 (-3.9) (-3.4) (-3.2) - LOG(EX?) 0.004281 0.000437-0.014*, 0.033** (2.8) (.22) (-2.080) (3.6) R-squared.61.73.5.3 Adjusted R- squared.6.72.49.28 F 58.85 76.64 50. 79 14.41 SSX?(-1):** OPEN :* YL0 ngδ.- - C LOG(SSK?) LOG(SSF?) * -0.14853 (-6.64) 0.045731 (8.66) 0.002865 (3.2) LOG(ngδ ) -0.00862 (-5.37) LOG(YL0?) -0.00827 (-9.79) 0.003991 * -0.14 (-3.37) 0.05 (6.03) 0.01 (9.42) -0.02 (-6.78) -0.01 (-7.18) 0.003-0.122 (-2.15).047 (3.63) 0.01 (4.5) -0.016 (-3.83) -0.013 (-4.6) -0.8 (-4.4) 0.01 (1.06) -0.00022 (-0.19) ------ -0.01182 (-4.16) LOG(EX?) 0.004 0.03 (4.64) (2.58) (2.19) (5) R-squared 056.7 0.63.45 Adjusted R-squared 056.69 0.62.42 F 89.75 127.55 55.9 20.74. ng δ. 1. Period SUR 2. Cross section Weights(**) 3. Cross Section SUR(*)
127 / :.- FDI FDI.-- OECD. FDI....... R&D. ()...... 1. Sala-I-Martin
... FDI 128. (). :. ( ).. (). (). / GDP (-).. FDI. (). -. YL0. ()..(). 1. Jones Charies Irving. Introduction to Economic Growth,chapter 3. 3.Steady state..
129 / ( n + g + δ ) ngδ.. () cross section sur period sur. FDI.-- :. : -.. -. YL0 -. proxy -. ngδ - - FDI :..... FDI. cross section sur.
... FDI 130 FDI cross section sur Cross-section weights.-- :.. -. -.. YL0.. ng δ. - - - FDI.-- :.. -. MENA..... ( ) FDI. FDI.. -
131 /.. GDP. - -
... FDI 132.. FDI FDI. : : -. FDI... - : -... : -. -. -. : -. FDI FDI.. FDI.
133 /... MPL<W/P........ FDI. -.
... FDI 134.().. :. :...().. :...().. FDI.().. :...().. : : ( - )...().. : :..()... :..(). Aitken. Brian J, Ann E. Harrison (Jun 1999). Do Domestic Firms Benefit From FDI, Evidence From Venezuela.The American Economic Review. Baltagi. Badi H. (2003).Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. second ed. Barro. R.J & X. Sala -I- Martin. (1995). Economic Growth. McGraw-Hill, New York. Benhabib, J. & M. Spiegel. (December 2002). Human Capital and Technology Diffusion. FRBSF working paper. Borenztein, E., Gregorio j, De Lee, j. W. (1995). How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth? NBER Working Paper, No. 5057. Carkovic. M. & Levine. R. ( 2002).Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Economic Growth?. University of Minnesota. Castejon, Carman Fillat and Worz Julia.(2005). Good or Bad? The Influence of FDI on Output Growth. wiiw.
135 / Charles, I. Jones. (2001). Introduction to Economic Growth 2 ed. University of California at Berkeley. Damijan, Joze P, Mark Knell, Boris Majcen and Matija Rojec. (February 2003). Technology Transfer through FDI in Top-10 Transition Countries : How Important are Direct Effects, Horizontal and Vertical Spillovers?.William Davidson Working Paper, No. 549. DE Mello and Jr Luiz R. (1997). FDI in Developing Countries and Growth.The Journal of Development Studies; 30, 1. Grossman G. M. & Helpman, E.( November 1993).Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth.NBER Working Paper, No. 4527. Hermes, N Lensink, R. (2003).FDI, Financial Development and Economic Growth. London: Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 40, No 1. Holland Dawn and Pomerantz Olga. FDI Penetration and net Trade in the EV Accession countried IMF, Balance of Payment Manual. Issa, Haitham. (March 2003).Human capital, Demographic Transition and Economic Growth. The University of Manchester, Discussion Paper Series, Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research, School of Economic Studies, Number 028. Kabir Hassan, M.(2003).FDI, Information Technology and Economic Growth in the MENA Region; ERF. Laura Alfaro. (February 2007). How Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Exploring the Effects of Financial Markets on Linkages, Areendam Chanda, Louisiana State University, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan. University of Houston and NBER, Selin Sayek, Bilkent University. Mankiw, N., Romer, D. &Weil, D.N.( 1992).A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 107, No 2. Magnus Blomstrom & Ari Kokko.Foreign direct investment and spillovers of technology. International Journal of Technology Management; Volume22, Numbers. Ronald Moomaw, J. Mullen, Martin Williams. (2002).Human and knowledge capital: A contribution to the empirics of state economic growth. Atlantic Economic Journal, VOL 30,2002 Moosa, Imad. (2002). Foreign Direct Investment. Theory, Evidence and Practice. Palgrave.
... FDI 136 Nagesh Kumar. (2001).Infrastructure Availability, FDI Inflows and Their Exportorientation: A cross- Country Exploration. Research and Information System for Developing Countries, New Delhi. Neuhaus, Macro. (2000).The Impact of FDI on Economic Growth.Mannheim University. Pohjola Matti. (2000).Information Technology and Economic Growth: A Cross Country Analysis. WIDER,Working Papers NO.173, 2000. Sekkat Khalid and Marie. (2004). Trade and Foreign Exchange Liberation, Investment Climate and FDI in the MENA. Washington DC. Solow, R. (February 1956). A contribution to the theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, No.70. Torge Middendorf, Essen. (2006). Human Capital and Economic Growth in OECD Countries. Jahrbücher f. Nationalökonomie u. Statistik (Lucius & Lucius, Stuttgart 2006) Bd. Vol. 226/6. UNCTAD; World Investment Report(WIR); 1999, 2002, 2006. World Bank. (2005). World Development Indicators (WDI) Xavier Sala-i-Martin. (2001). 15 Years of New Growth Economics, What Have We Learnt? Columbia University and Universitat Pompeu Fabra,The Challenges of Economic Growth; Santiago, Chile, November 9 and 30.