iolation in - and -Mson ystms DPG Tagung, ipzig, 18.3. Outlin rnhard paan Tchnisch Univrsität Drsdn Motivation violation in th standard modl Typs o violation violation in th -ystm Comparison with -ystm Dtrmination o /, δ -Factoris Dtrmination o sinβ, sinα, R Conclusion and Outlook
-iolation in th tandard Modl tandard modl: Origin o -iolation: Higgs-ctor!! Quark-Mass-Mixing matrix! Cabibbo obayashi Maskawa CM Matrix CM matrix: d' s' b' ud cd us cs ub cb d s b complx td ts tb unitary 4 paramtrs: 3 ral Eulr angls, 1 Phas Rlats mass ignstats to wak ignstats charactrizd by J Jarlskog invariant Im max 6 * * J ik jk j! i! J 1 3.1 J M 4 1 5 CM small Too small to xplain mattr-antimattr asymmtry in th univrso1 8
Origin o -iolation? tandard Modl: Phas o CM-matrix d' ud us ub d Tst tandard Modl: dtrmin phas s' cd cs cb s Tst unitarity o CM matrix b' td ts tb b Tst or Nw Physics Unitarity: driv 6 rlations 6 triangls in complx plan with ara J/.g. ud * ub * * cd cb td tb * ud ub γ Unitarity Tst ovrconstrain triangl "masur sids and angls "nd triangl with qual sid lngth larg angls "only triangls qualiy "not ully accssibl to -Physics "1 ully accssibl to -Physics α * cd cb * td tb β -triangl unitarity triangl
-iolation and -Physics mallst CM lmnts ud cd * D, D,,... * ub * cb γ ρ,η α, ρ,..., 1, Wolnstin paramtrisation: λ sinθ C,.85 λ 3 1 λ λ ρ iη λ λ 1 λ 3 λ 1 ρ iη λ 1 ρ 1 λ / ρ, η 1 λ / η td cd β * tb * cb -Physics:, -systm, ± dtrmination o: " β sinβ, α, γ " ub, cb, td ook or various typs o J / ψ Constraints without sinβ, D *, D *,... allowd β
ssum Tis consrvd
iolation Thr typs o -iolation: " -iolation in Dcay Dirct iolation! Chargd and nutral dcays " -iolation in Mixing Indirct iolation!nutral dcays Γ Γ ystm:, particl antiparticl oscillations ' b W d b u, c, t d u, c, t u, c, t W W d W b d u, c, t b " -iolation in Intrrnc btwn Dcays with and without Mixing! nutral -mson-systm:.g. sinβ masurmnt with R Γ Γ
Not on th -ystm, Dcay amplituds dominatd by th dcay. i.. by th th I amplitud mixing dominatd by sam dcay mod violation in mixing, intrrnc mixing dcay Not: I and I amplitud hav dirnt phass dirct -violation << in -systm dscribd by two paramtrs, : komplx, arg 45 unitarity, I dominats T I T I,, ' η T T ' η T T R ν ν ν ν δ Γ Γ Γ Γ
Oscillations/Mixing Oscillations : mass ignstats: q p q p H 1 q p complx coicints H and with m and Γ m H > m, sign o Γ not dind 1 p q P P, T " " " " H q p q p up to hr, ormalism is idntical or and -systms: UT: Γ is ngligibl in th systm but signiicant in th -systm! aons: din ignstats by litim:,
iolation in Mixing q inc 1964 known: 1 p Mass ignstats: violation vry small ct 1 1 1 1 m m 1 m m 1 with m p p q q, q p 1 1 m m Im m, q p : unobsrvabl -systm: violation: small ct R << 1 1 R R R m m q p obsrvabl m
-iolation in -Mixing R R m m m P P P P 4 1 4 xp t t t t t t ν ν ν ν Γ Γ Γ Γ ER 3 1 6 ± 1 4 4.. R m
-iolation in -Mixing Γ ν Γ Γ ν Γ ν ν δ R T 1 R m δ 3 3.3 ±.74 1 Frmilab-Pub-/7
Dirct iolation Considr dcay amplituds or a dcays into inal stat.g. amplitud amplitud i 1 violation Prob Prob vral possibl contributions i to with magnitud i, wak phas iφ and Transormations undr : iφ -iφ and strong phas iδ and iδ iδ δi φi i j sin φi φ jsin δi δ j δ φ i i i i i i i i i, j wak & strong phass Dirct violation rquirs dirnt contributions with dirnt wak phass and dirnt strong phass For nutral mods, dirct compts with othr typs o violation
Dirct iolation Exampl: - Γ Γ Γ Γ sin φ φ sin δ 1 1 1 δ Tough to calculat Pnguin Tr Expct signiicant intrrnc o tr and pnguin amplituds imilar diagrams or - tatus: in -ystm, dirkt -violation not yt obsrvd in -ystm, dirkt -violation obsrvd ' not, that dirnc btwn I and I amplituds is hr rsponsibl or dirct big challng!! N31, N48, T
Masurmnt o / ' η ' η Γ Γ Γ Γ ' R 6 1 R Masur N 48 Nw Rsult using 1998 and 1999 data Eur. Phys. J C, 31 1 3.3 1 6 4 1.1 1.7 15. ' R ± ± 4 1.6 15.3 ' R : N 48 ± > <
Masurmnts o / G. nzivino, N 48, hp-ph/111393 T 1: ranalysis o 1997 data R W : ' R.7 ' pton Photon 1 ±.8 1 4 17. ± 1.8 1 4 "ong standing discrpancy sttld "Dirct -violation stablishd Howvr: Furthr conclusions wrt to M hardly possibl.
in Intrrnc btwn Mixing and Dcay Considr dcays into -ignstats din λ : Obsrvabl in modulus and phas! Oscillation λ η q p q p Dcay -ignvalu o q p q p η iφ iφ iφ M iδ iφ M iδ λ η Mixing Phas q p i φ φ M Wak Dcay Phas
Din: λ λ λ 1 1 1 1 t t t t t t mt mt mt N N N N t Γ Γ Γ Γ Γ Γ Γ Γ cos sin Im cos R φ in Intrrnc btwn Mixing and Dcay -anguag
in Intrrnc btwn Mixing and Dcay t η N N N N Γ Γ t Γ t η cos mt ϕ Γ t ER hr: -ystm with λ 1 η # η iϕ η T T PDG : η φ.76 ±.17 1 43.3±.5 3
in Intrrnc btwn Mixing and Dcay -anguag Γ t / τ 1 λ 1 λ Im λ sin m t cos m t d 1 λ d Γ t / τ 1 λ 1 λ Im λ sin m t cos m t d 1 λ d t N N N N 1 λ cos mdt Im λ sin mdt 1 λ indicats dirct violation i q/p 1 Intrrnc
J/ψ λ η RR η 1 q p mods 1 i φ φ i φ φ M η t M 1 λ R 1 λ N J / ψ N J / ψ N J / ψ / N J ψ η sin φ φ J/ψ : β t<! β du to Υ4 proprtis! M sin mt arg * cd cb * tdtb
J/ψ J/ψ : goldn channl, mor channls availabl iolation λ 1: 3 possibl mchanisms 1. q/p 1 aons: small ct m dscribd by -Msons: small ct in M q/p 1. / 1 aons: vry small ct -Msons: diagrams or J/ψ hav sam phas 3. φ M -φ aons: small ct R R m R - dscribd by -Msons: M: larg phas dirnc φ M -φ β β aons: ll 3 cts: small but contribut dscribd by, -Msons: ranching ratio larg dominatd by intrrnc btwn mixing and dcay ranching ratio tiny R 4 1-4
production: bb Υ4 -Msons at th ϒ4 -rsonanc, m 1.58 G ϒ4 rstram: p approx. 34 M cohrnt systm with 1 bosons symmtric wavunction Ψ Ψ Flavour Ψ spac 5% 5% PEP-II R O E On thrshold M 4 M CM Υ 1 Ψ spac antisymmtric Ψ Flavour 1 cannot distinguish btwn and until a dcays into non ignstat! dcay dins t! t may b positiv or ngativ. With λ 1 dt-η sinβsin mtdt tim rsolvd asymmtry masurmnt ncssary! oost o ϒ4 systm! dtrmin t rom z in boost dirction PEP-II/R: βγ,55 βγc τ 6 µm < z> 6µm
Masurmnt o sinβ ~ ψ D sin β sin m t R ~ Γ J Γ J Δt ~ / / ψ Γ J / ψ Γ J / ψ t t d t : Flavour-dtrmination o othr mson tag µ D Κ D * ϒ4 ν µ J/ψ z! t - s 3: Dtrmination o mistag raction w Dilution D: D 1-w rducs visibl asymmtry 1: Rconstruction o ignstats 4: Dtrmination o t z/βγc 5: Dtrmination o z t rsolution unktion R 6: sinβ it to t distribution or and tags
-Factory PEP-II at C E [G] - / [cm - s -1 ] int [pb -1 /day] Dsign 9. / 3.1 3 x 1 33 135 Rachd # 4.6 x 1 33 39
R: uminosity and Data ampl Dsign Run 1 sinβ /day sinβ masurmnt: 6 1 6 -Pairs
R R collaboration: 9 countris, 73 instituts Grman instituts:: ochum Drsdn Rostock 1.5 T 516 physicists Calorimtr: 658 CsITl crystals photodiod radout pr crystal
E and EE EE 1 cm 33 max 6.6 1 s : 8 G : 3.5 G Rsults basd on 4.8 b -1 on rsonanc
Rconstruction o Eignstats J/Ψ s s - R Prliminary χ c1 s R Prliminary Mod cc s J/Ψ N tag 995 74 Purity 94% 57% 1 1 J/Ψ * 113 83%.68 J/Ψ s s R Prliminary Ψs s R Prliminary ll lav 1,85 17,634 79% 85% Flav. E J/Ψ * * s R Prliminary J/Ψ R Prliminary J/ψ,µ µ
Flavour ampl Nutral Msons Ths sampls ar usd to masur: ", litims " m mixing o nutral " z rsolution and tagging prormanc or th sinβ masurmnt ar paramtrs in combind it or sin β to, Flavour, and ackground sampls. Chargd Msons "-Flavour known by dcay Dtrmination o w Dtrmination o icincy via it to Flavour & Data
t distributions prct ralistic tag sin β.7 tag tag tag t / d ± t 1 ω β τ " " " " τ d tag tag 1 " η. sin sin m t R ω : mis-tagging probability Δt : tim-rsolution unction d R
Fit Combind unbinnd maximum liklihood it or:, Flavour and ackground sampls R Prliminary Mistag, rsolution dtrmination dominatd by larg F sampl ackground paramtrs rom m E sidband m: ixd to.47 # ps -1 litim: ixd to 1.548 ps PDG valus
sinβ-fit to t Distributions Entris /.6 ps 1 tags η cp -1 Entris /.6 ps 5 tags J/Ψ 1 tags R Prliminary 5 tags R Prliminary Raw symmtry.5 -.5 prliminary -5 5-5 5 t ps sinβ.75 ±.9 stat ±.4 syst Raw symmtry.5 -.5 t ps
sinβ and Unitarity Triangl Thr is outsid th -systm! Consistnt with th M : prcision tst rquirs mor data. i. bttr dtrmination o ub à la Höckr t al, Eur.Phys.J.C1:5-59,1 R sinβ Is thr dirct? Fit or λ too: λ.9 ±.6 ±.3 Consistnt with no dirct
Nw rsults sinβ - World Masurmnts
-iolation in Mixing Using Dilptons /T violation : M xpctation:.5 5 1-3 t N! N!!! N! N!!! 4 R 1 βγ.56 ϒ4 l < z> 6 µm l.5 ± 1. ± 1.4% q p.998 ±.6 ±.7 R /1 1. ±.9 ± 3.6 1-3
symmtris in - γ ρ,η, ρ,... α * * td tb udub * * cdcb cdcb, 1, Tr and Pnguin: dirnt wak phass sinα only rom Tr diagram! masurs sinα nd to disntangl Pnguin pollution! β b d b d Diagrams W Tr t W g Pnguin d u u d u d u d
symmtris in -, Tim dpndnt asymmtry masurmnt: vry similar to sinβ masurmnt UT: R not ncssarily! s aon cas t 4τ / τ [ 1± sin m t " C cos m t ] ± C Im λ 1 λ 1 λ 1 λ R: masur h,h -, h, global max. hood it - 5.4 ±.7 ±.4 1-6 - 17.8 ± 1.1 ±.8 1-6 - < 1.1 1-6 9% C.. Dirct violation: prliminary N N N N.5 ±.6 ±.1 [.15.5] @9% C R Prliminary
sinα R Prliminary -.1 ±.37 ±.7 [-.66,.6] 9%C C -. ±.9 ±.7 [-.54,.48] 9%C prliminary sinα σα 1 background Dtrmination o sinα: Isospin analysis masur orusmodls?.g. M.nk, G.uchalla, M.Nubrt, and C.T.achrajda, Nucl.Phys.66:45-31,1 s talk by M. nk on Thursday, 1:15h
tagging sinα EE Moriond N 73.5±13.8 vnts C 1.1.94.38.16.7.13.5 ±.9.31 prliminary tags tags Indication or dirct -violation in -ystm? R: similar rrors,, C, consistnt with!
Conclusion and Outlook " iolation in -ystm wll studid " ll thr typs o violation discovrd " Many T tsts prormd " tudy o -iolation in th -ystm and masurmnt o CMparamtr will provid snsitiv tsts on th origin o -violation " violation has bn obsrvd in th systm o irst obsrvation o violation outsid th -systm! o Providing a rlvant constraint in th ρ-η plan " Many mor masurmnts on violation in -systm: sinα, R, " lrady a rich varity o CM tsts and mor in th nar utur " -iolation masurmnts in th -ystm just startd " xpct productiv long trm utur vn atr R, EE compltion! HCb, T,... high prcision masurmnts on angls, sids, dirct violation