Lipid mediator profile in vernix caseosa reflects skin barrier development

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Supplementary material Lipid mediator profile in vernix caseosa reflects skin barrier development Antonio Checa 1, Tina Holm 2, Marcus O. D. Sjödin 1, Stacey N. Reinke 1, Johan Alm 3, Annika Scheynius 2, Craig E. Wheelock* 1 1 Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 2 Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 3 Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Corresponding author: Craig E. Wheelock, PhD Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Scheeles väg 2, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden Phone number: +46 8 52487630; Fax:+46 8 736 04 39; e-mail: craig.wheelock@ki.se Includes Supplementary Tables 1-4 and Supplementary Figure 1.

Supplementary Table 1. Lipid mediator concentrations of compounds found in vernix samples (n=156). Sphingolipids Compound Mean a Median a Minimum a Maximum a % Samples b % CV c Cer12:0 33.4 25.3 0.4 160.9 100.0 18.8 Cer14:0 1057 945 136 5279 100.0 26.2 Cer16:0 18643 17856 7499 56330 100.0 14.5 Cer18:0 4900 4728 2104 16259 100.0 13.3 Cer18:1 841 749 103 4496 100.0 16.7 Cer20:0 1894 1741 603 6209 100.0 11.5 Cer22:0 4866 4517 2486 12615 100.0 3.8 Cer24:0 18037 16804 9097 58766 100.0 8.3 Cer24:1 2699 2454 1017 7528 100.0 5.9 SM12:0 1000 880 137 7621 100.0 16.5 SM16:0 113699 108965 30788 237354 100.0 8.4 SM18:0 10296 9418 41 23366 100.0 8.1 SM18:1 5357 5056 40 14004 100.0 10.5 SM24:0 16068 15352 4949 38172 100.0 21.2 SM24:1 48022 47371 12160 114708 100.0 15.8 HexCer16:0 1290.1 1108.6 17.5 5483.2 100.0 20.1 HexCer18:0 209.5 177.0 32.5 897.0 100.0 20.0 HexCer18:1 37.1 36.5 0.4 92.4 100.0 14.8 HexCer24:1 1376.2 1147.1 274.6 7944.1 100.0 25.4 LacCer16:0 3937.2 2249.9 73.5 54698.2 100.0 20.0 LacCer24:0 945.2 658.4 177.8 15547.7 100.0 18.8 LacCer24:1 3701.6 1703.8 488.9 100068.5 100.0 15.0 DhCer16:0 4440.3 4102.3 1518.9 15858.9 100.0 7.9

Oxylipins Compound Mean a Median a Minimum a Maximum a % Samples b % CV c 5-HETE 11.8 4.3 n.d. 320.5 88.5 6.4 9-HETE 337.0 135.0 11.9 9182.3 100.0 12.7 11-HETE 5.4 3.8 n.d. 68.7 89.7 11.0 15-HETE 30.6 20.3 3.4 576.1 100.0 25.0 5-KETE 2.3 0.8 n.d. 58.3 73.1 8.1 15-KETE 10.0 8.0 0.8 47.6 100.0 18.3 5-6-EpETrE 2.2 1.3 n.d 19.0 75.0 14.3 9-KODE 137.9 136.4 15.0 555.7 100.0 9.2 13-KODE 43.6 33.3 6.3 225.4 100.0 13.4 EKODE 9.9 8.2 2.9 91.0 100.0 26.5 9(10)-EpOME 3.0 2.0 0.2 20.6 100.0 27.9 12(13)-EpOME 4.1 2.0 0.2 24.6 100.0 21.0 9,10-DiHOME 4.3 3.0 0.2 33.5 100.0 29.1 12,13-DiHOME 7.6 4.6 1.3 36.8 100.0 10.8 5-HETrE 7.7 5.6 0.4 86.6 100.0 10.2 15-HETrE 5.6 3.4 n.d. 179.9 99.4 29.3 9-KOTrE 2.4 2.2 n.d. 7.4 82.1 13.5 12-HEPE 17.2 7.8 n.d. 335.7 97.4 14.5 11-HDoHE 13.4 7.6 n.d. 289.7 95.5 8.8 14-HDoHE 190.7 65.5 n.d. 10320.5 98.1 20.6 17-HDoHE 24.9 15.6 n.d. 657.3 99.4 26.8

Endocannabinoids and related ethanolamines Compound Mean a Median a Minimum a Maximum a % Samples b % CV c AEA 1.9 1.5 0.4 7.1 100.0 8.7 PEA 159.2 135.6 58.1 397.7 100.0 6.9 DihommoLEA 1.5 1.3 n.d. 4.4 98.7 11.3 LEA 19.3 15.6 4.1 83.2 100.0 14.9 OEA 29.4 24.7 1.7 77.4 100.0 14.9 1-AG 217.9 146.8 5.4 1583.9 100.0 12.8 2-AG 31.3 23.5 3.6 296.9 100.0 10.0 1-LG 634.1 488.9 54.6 4527.6 100.0 12.3 2-LG 179.8 80.7 10.7 5149.1 100.0 11.3 D(h)EA 5.2 4.6 1.3 15.4 100.0 12.5 Cer: Ceramide; SM: Sphingomyelin; DhCer: Dihydroceramide; Hexcer: Hexosylceramide; LacCer: Lactosylceramide; HETE: Hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid ; KETE: oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid; EpETre: epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid; KODE: oxo-octadecadienoic acid; EKODE: epoxy-keto-octadecenoic acid; EpOME: epoxy-octadecenoic acid; DiHOME: dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid; HETre: hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid; KOTrE: oxo-octadecatrienoic acid; HEPE: hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid; HDoHE: hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; AEA: Arachidonoyl ethanolamide; PEA: Palmitoyl ethanolamide; LEA: Linoleoyl ethanolamide; OEA: Oleoyl ethanolamide; DIHOMOLEA: Dihomo-ϒ-linolenoyl ethanolamide; D(h)EA: Docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide; 1-AG: 1-arachidonoyl ethanolamide; 2-AG: 2-arachidonoyl ethanolamide; 1-LG: 1-linoleoyl ethanolamide; 2-LG: 2-linoleoyl ethanolamide a) Amounts are expressed in ng of compound / g vernix. b) Percentage of samples with compound above the limit of quantitation. c) Coefficient of variance based on 6 replicates of a pooled vernix sample (see Materials and Methods for description).

Supplementary Table 2. Spearman s correlations between the available ceramide to sphingomyelin ratios (Cer/SM) and the levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachydonoyl glycerol (2-AG) in vernix caseosa samples (n=156). Compound Cer/SM 12:0 Cer/SM 16:0 Cer/SM 18:1 Cer/SM 18:0 Cer/SM 24:1 Cer/SM 24:0 AEA ρ a 0.28 0.40 0.41 0.20 0.18 0.11 p b 4.4 E-4 3.2 E-7 1.7 E-7 1.4 E-2 4.4 E-2 1.7 E-1 2-AG ρ a 0.54 0.48 0.49 0.34 0.27 0.38 p b 4.1 E-13 3.1 E-10 1.4 E-10 1.4 E-5 1.0 E-3 1.0 E-5 a) Spearman s rank correlation b) p-value

Supplementary Table 3. MS and chromatographic specific parameters for compounds included in the sphingolipid platform. Compound IS RT (min) Transition Precursor ion CV (V) CE (V) SM 12:0 SM 17:0 3.38 647.5/184.1 [M+H] + 35 45 SM 16:0 SM 17:0 4.20 703.5/184.1 [M+H] + 40 50 SM 18:1 SM 17:0 4.32 729.5/184.1 [M+H] + 40 50 SM 18:0 SM 17:0 4.60 731.5/184.1 [M+H] + 40 50 SM 24:1 SM 17:0 5.36 813.6/184.1 [M+H] + 40 50 SM 24:0 SM 17:0 5.59 815.6/184.1 [M+H] + 40 50 Cer 12:0 Cer 17:0 3.48 464.5/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 28 25 Cer 14:0 Cer 17:0 3.70 492.4/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 28 35 Cer 16:0 Cer 17:0 4.04 520.5/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 28 35 Cer 18:1 Cer 17:0 4.36 546.5/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 30 35 Cer 18:0 Cer 17:0 4.69 548.5/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 30 35 Cer 20:0 Cer[d17:1/24:1] 5.06 576.5/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 30 35 Cer 22:0 Cer[d17:1/24:1] 5.38 604.6/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 30 35 Cer 24:1 Cer[d17:1/24:1] 5.39 630.6/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 30 35 Cer 24:0 Cer[d17:1/24:1] 5.70 632.6/264.3 [M+H-H2O ]+ 30 35 DhCer 16:0 DhCer6:0 4.39 540.5/266.4 [M+H] + 30 35 HexCer 12:0 GlcCer8:0 3.26 626.5/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 35 40 HexCer 16:0 GlcCer8:0 4.06 682.5/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 35 40 HexCer 18:1 GlcCer8:0 4.19 708.5/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 35 40 HexCer 18:0 GlcCer8:0 4.46 710.5/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 35 40 HexCer 24:1 GlcCer8:0 5.22 792.6/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 35 40 LacCer 12:0 LacCer 17:0 3.16 788.6/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 45 50 LacCer 16:0 LacCer 17:0 3.95 844.6/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 35 40 LacCer 24:1 LacCer 17:0 5.12 954.7/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 40 60 LacCer 24:0 LacCer 17:0 5.42 958.8/264.4 [M+H-H2O ]+ 50 65 SM: Sphingomyelin; Cer: Ceramide; DhCer: Dihydroceramide; Hexcer: Hexosylceramide; LacCer: Lactosylceramide; RT: Retention time; CV: Capillary Coltage; CE: Collision energy

Supplementary Table 4. MS and chromatographic specific parameters for compounds included in the endocannabinoid platform. Compound IS RT (min) Transition Precursor ion CV (V) CE (V) AEA AEA-d4 5.35 348.2/62.0 [M+H] + 20 20 PEA PEA-d4 6.24 300.2/62.0 [M+H] + 20 20 EPEA LEA-d4 4.67 346.2/62.0 [M+H] + 15 20 D(h)EA D(h)EA-d4 5.18 372.2/62.0 [M+H] + 15 20 LEA LEA-d4 5.41 324.2/62.0 [M+H] + 25 20 D(t)EA OEA-d4 6.46 376.4/62.0 [M+H] + 20 25 OEA OEA-d4 6.54 326.2/62.0 [M+H] + 25 20 SEA OEA-d4 7.45 328.2/62.0 [M+H] + 25 20 α-linolea LEA-d4 4.66 322.6/62.0 [M+H] + 20 20 ϒ-DIHOMOLEA LEA-d4 5.90 350.2/62.0 [M+H] + 20 20 2-AG 2-AG-d5 5.85 379.2/287.2 [M+H] + 20 15 2-LG 2-AG-d5 6.05 355.2/263.2 [M+H] + 15 15 AEA: Arachidonoyl ethanolamide; PEA: Palmitoyl ethanolamide; EPEA: Eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide; D(h)EA: Docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide; LEA: Linoleoyl ethanolamide; D(t)EA: Docosatetraenoyl ethanolamide; OEA: Oleoyl ethanolamide; SEA: Stearoyl ethanolamide; α-linolea: α-linolenoyl ethanolamide; ϒ-DIHOMOLEA: Dihomo-ϒ-linolenoyl ethanolamide; 2-AG: 2-arachidonoyl ethanolamide; 2-LG: 2-linoleoyl ethanolamide; RT: Retention time; CV: Capillary Voltage; CE: Collision energy

Supplementary Figure 1. Phenotypic differences in levels of a) 9(10)-EpOME, b) 9,10-DiHOME, c) 9-KODE and d) 13-KODE according to lifestyle (A = anthroposophic; P = partly anthroposophic; NA = non-anthroposophic). Each point represents an individual. The arithmetic mean with 95% confidence intervals is presented. None of the compounds was associated with lifestyle (see Figure 1). For graphical reasons one point is not presented on the NA group for 9- KODE (555 ng / g of vernix) group.

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