saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS winamdebare gamocemasi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ _ farglebsi. yvela dokuments Tan axlavs reziume inglisur enaze, sadac mokled aris gadmocemuli ZiriTadi daskvnebi. The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project. The English-language version of each policy paper summary can be found at the end of the publication. proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagentos finansuri mxardawerit The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency
samecniero xelmzrvanelebi: arcil gegesize vladimer papava aleqsandre rondeli Mentors: Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander Rondeli redaqtori: Editor: rusudan margisvili Rusudan Margishvili teqnikuri redaqtori: Technical Editor: artem meliq-nubarovi Artem Melik-Nubarov saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekutvnis saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiti nebartvis garese wignis arc erti nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibewdos nebismieri, mat Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formit. saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobata kvlevis fondi 2012 weli All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher Copyright 2012 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies
proeqtis Sesaxeb programa,,saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqartvelos mtavrobas martvis sferosi arsebuli problemebis dazlevasi. proeqti itvaliswinebs sasualo rgolis sajaro moxeleta da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelta CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmartvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebsi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qartul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikasi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis sakitxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qartvel sajaro moxeletatvis martvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas. programas afinansebs SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebsi GFSIS-is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estonetis diplomatiis skola (EDK). programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmartvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic aris angarisvaldebuli da itvaliswinebs qartuli sazogadoebis sawiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis mirebis sferosi qartuli mmartvelobis SesaZleblobebis gazlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis mirebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamwvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebata cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqartvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleta SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, rata saqartvelo uket warmocndes saertasoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebtan Tu saertasoriso organizaciebtan urtiertobisas. programa xorcieldeba otxi wlis manzilze (2009-2013 ww.) da Sedgeba Semdegi otxi komponentisgan: sajaro moxeleta profesiuli momzadeba politikis analizisa da molaparakebebis teqnikasi. konkursis gzit SerCeul qartvel sajaro moxeleebs qartveli, estoneli da Svedi eqspertebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobasi utareben mecadineobas sajaro politikis analizisa da molaparakebis teqnikis Sesaswavlad. amastan, monawileebi SeimuSaveben politikis dokuments qveynisatvis aqtualur sakitxebze. am processi mat xelmzrvaneloben GFSIS-is eqspertebi. politikis dokumentebis dasrulebis Semdeg xdeba mati sajaro ganxilva da xuti sauketeso nasromi gamoicema. programis am komponents asrulebs saswavlogacnobiti viziti estonetsi. programis farglebsi swavlebis kurss gaivlis sajaro moxeleta xuti jgufi/nakadi. TiToeul jgufsi iqneba daaxloebit ocdaxuti monawile. trenerta momzadebis (ToT) komponentis farglebsi qartveli specialistebi qartul enaze SeimuSaveben saswavlo programebsa da saswavlo masalebs sajaro administraciis, molaparakebis teqnikis, genderisa da mravalferovnebis, xarjtsargeblianobis, proeqtis martvisa da Sefasebis sferoebsi. dagegmilia programis bolo ori nakadistvis swavlebis qartul enaze Catareba. adamianuri resursebis martvis komponenti moicavs qartul sajaro samsaxursi adamianuri resursebis martvasi CarTul profesionalta Soris Tanamedrove praqtikis danergvis xelsewyobas. am komponentis meore amocanaa adamianuri resursebis martvis sferosi maralkvalificiuri swavlebisatvis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda. sajaro politikis qseli miznad isaxavs sajaro politikis sferosi samtavrobo struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris aqtiur TanamSromlobas da informaciis gaziarebas proeqtis vebgverdis Seqmnisa da kursdamtavrebulta prfesiuli qselis Camoyalibebis gzit.
ABOUT THE PROJECT Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program. The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program, which will be implemented during four years (2009 2013), includes the following components: Training for government officials in policy and negotiation techniques - Selected Georgian public servants will complete an eight-month intensive training program in public administration, policy planning and negotiation techniques. Georgian, Swedish and Estonian experts will conduct the training. Furthermore, under the guidance of GFSIS mentors, the participants will work on the issues pertinent to the country development policy. The training will be followed by a public discussion of the policy papers and a study visit to Estonia. The best five papers will be published in Georgian and in English. There will be five training groups in total with approximately 25 participants in each group. The training of trainers (ToT) component - Through the project's training of trainers (ToT) component, Georgian professionals will develop the Policy and Negotiations Training Program curriculum and teaching materials in Georgian. Topics covered under this training include Public Administration, Public Policy Planning, Negotiation Techniques, Gender and Diversity, Cost Benefit Analysis, Project Management/Change Management and Program Evaluation. Under the project framework, professional training programs will be implemented in the above listed fields for Georgian government employees and civil society representatives in the Georgian language. Professional development training for HR managers - The project's HR component aims to provide knowledge in modern Human Resources Management (HRM) practices among Georgian HRmanagers within line ministries and other governmental agencies. A second objective of the component is to build domestic capacity to deliver high quality training in HRM. The component will include needs-based training sessions on professional development and a study visit to Sweden. A knowledge and resource sharing component - This component is aimed to promote greater communication, knowledge sharing, consultation and collaboration among public-policy stakeholders across the Government of Georgia and civil society through establishing a project's website and organizing number of alumni retreats.
migraciis martvis gamowvevebi saqartvelosi: `Ria karis~ politikis mizansewoniloba giorgi Wexani saertasoriso sajaro samartlis departamentis mrceveli saqartvelos iusticiis saministro r e z i u m e winamdebare politikis dokumentis mizania Seiswavlos, Tu ramdenad mizansewonilia saqartvelos mtavrobis mier imigraciis im liberaluri politikis SenarCuneba, romelic `Ria karis~ politikad iwodeba. turizmis ganvitarebasa da investiciebis mozidvas Zalze didi mnisvneloba aqvs qveynis ekonomikuri ganvitarebistvis. am miznit saqartvelos mtavroba cdilobs maqsimalurad Seamciros qveyanasi ucxoelebis Semosvlis barierebi. aset RonisZiebaTa Sorisaa saqartvelos `Ria karis~ savizo politikac, romlis sasualebit 100-ze meti qveyana sargeblobs saqartvelosi Semosvlis uvizo rejimit, xolo im qveynebis moqalaqeebi, romlebic am rejimit ar sargebloben, sazrvarze Zalze martivi procedurebis gavlit axerxeben saqartvelosi Semosvlis uflebis mirebas. winamdebare politikis dokumenti cxadyofs, rom `Ria karis~ politika namdvilad aris ucxoeli turistebis Cvens qveyanasi mozidvis ert-erti yvelaze efeqtiani meqanizmi. turizmit mirebul sargebels ki didi wvlili Seaqvs saqartvelos ekonomikis ganvitarebasi. arsanisnavia, rom saqartvelos evrokavsirsi integraciastan dakavsirebuli nebismieri molaparakebis dros evropuli mxare gamoxatavs Tavis kritikul pozicias saqartvelos `Ria karis~ politikisadmi. Sesabamisad, `Ria karis~ politika warmoadgens ert-ert xelissemslel da uaryofit faqtors saqartvelo-evrokavsirs Soris molaparakebebis dros. `Ria karis~ politika gansakutrebit uaryofiti Sedegebis momtani SeiZleba gaxdes 2012 wels, rodesac evrokavsiris Semswavleli misiis mier gansaxorcielebeli Sefasebis dros, romelzec usualod iqneba damokidebuli daiwyeba Tu ara saqartvelo-evrokavsirs Soris savizo rejimis liberalizaciis Sesaxeb molaparakebebi. yovelive amis gatvaliswinebit sawiroa garkveuli balansis povna, romelic arc `Ria karis~ politikit mirebul ekonomikur sargebels Seamcirebs da arc evropul sivrcesi Cveni qveynis integraciis process daabrkolebs. dasaxuli miznis misarwevad ganisazrvra kvlevis sfero da kitxvebi. kvlevis metodologiad gamoyenebulia arsebuli literaturis, dokumentebisa da samartlebrivi aqtebis mimoxilva. aseve, moviziet internetresursebi, SeviswavleT sxva qveynebis magalitebi, gamoviyenet migraciis sferosi morvawe pirebtan interviuebi da qveyanasi arsebuli oficialuri statistikuri monacemebis kvleva-damusaveba. politikis dokumentis daskvnit nawilsi warmodgenilia kvlevis Sedegebi da problemis gadawris gzebi. 59
S e s a v a l i saqartvelo, mdebareobs ra evropisa da aziis gasayarze, warmoadgens kontinenttasorisi mozraobis satranzito derefans. aqedan gamomdinare, saqartvelo gvevlineba rogorc migraciis warmosobis, ise satranzito an danisnulebis qveynad. amis gamo migraciis procesebis swori martva metad mnisvnelovania Cveni qveynis usafrtxoebisa da ekonomikuri ganvitarebistvis, aseve _ mezobeli qveynebis, gansakutrebit ki evrokavsiris usafrtxoebis TvalsazrisiTac. bolo ramdenime weliwadia migraciis martvis gaumjobeseba saqartvelos mtavrobis ert-ert prioritetul sferos warmoadgens. amas mowmobs mteli rigi mnisvnelovani movlenebisa saqartvelos sasinao politikasa Tu saertasoriso urtiertobebsi. magalitad, 2010 wlis oqtombersi Seiqmna migraciis sakitxta samtavrobo komisia, romlis mizania saqartvelos mtavrobis ertiani politikis gansazrvra da saqartvelosi migraciuli procesebis martvis gaumjobeseba. 34 2011 wels, migraciis sakitxta samtavrobo komisiis gadawyvetilebit, Seiqmna migraciis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSavebis samusao jgufi, ucxoeli eqspertebis xelmzrvanelobit. 35 am samusao jgufis mizania 2012-2015 wlebis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSaveba, romelmac unda Seqmnas migraciis martvis is meqanizmebi, romlebic efeqtianad Seuwyobs xels rogorc legaluri migraciis waxalisebas, ise aralegalur migraciastan brzolas. arsanisnavia isic, rom `evropis samezoblo politikis~ saqartvelos samoqmedo gegmasi migraciis martvis sakitxebs ert-erti mnisvnelovani adgili uwiravs. 36 amastan, migraciis martvastan dakavsirebuli sakitxebi mnisvnelovania rogorc `armosavletis partniorobistvis~, 37 ise evrokavsirtan asocirebis SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb molaparakebebis dros. yovelive zemoarnisnuli cxadyofs, rom migraciis martva aqtualuri Temaa rogorc qartuli, ise evropuli mxaristvis. migraciis martvis sakitxis aqtualuroba gamowveulia ramdenime faqtorit. garda zemoarnisnuli garemoebisa _ saqartvelos strategiuli mdebareobisa _ migraciis martvis sakitxis aqtualurobas ganapirobebs saqartvelosi `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg mimdinare ekonomikuri Tu socialuri procesebi. saakasvilis mtavrobis xelisuflebasi mosvlis dridan saxelmwifos prioritets warmoadgens turizmis ganvitareba da investiciebis mozidva. am miznit gatarda mravali RonisZieba: asenda Sesabamisi aeroportebi da sasazrvro-gamsvebi punqtebi, sazrvrebze armoifxvra korufcia, gamartivda sazrvris kvetis procedurebi, gauqmda an maqsimalurad 34 saqartvelos mtavrobis 2010 wlis 13 oqtombris dadgenileba #314 `migraciis sakitxta samtavrobo komisiis Seqmnisa da debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~. 35 saqartvelos iusticiis saministros pressamsaxuri, axali ambebi: `migraciis sakitxta samtavrobo komisiis morigi sxdoma gaimarta~. 2011 wlis 19 maisi. 36 `evropis samezoblo politika: evrokavsiri-saqartvelos samoqmedo gegma~, prioritetuli sfero 4. ix.: http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/documents_en.htm 37 `armosavletis partnioroba: evrokomisiis rekomendacia evropis parlamentisa da evrokavsiris sabwostvis~, Tavi 3.3, briuseli, 3 dekemberi, 2008 w. 60
gamartivda savizo motxovnebi, ganvitarda rogorc sagzao, ise sakurorto infrasturqutra, gatarda mnisvnelovani sapolicio reformebi qveyanasi usafrtxo garemos Sesaqmnelad da sxva. yovelive aman ganapiroba saqartvelos mimzidveloba rigi saxelmwifoebis moqalaqetatvis rogorc turmizmis, ise biznesis ketebisa da dasaqmebis TvalsazrisiT. aqve aucilebelia arinisnos TurqeTisa da evrokavsiris roli saqartvelosi migraciis martvis sakitxis aqtualurobastan dakavsirebit. Zalian bevri ucxoeli sargeblobs saqartvelosi Semosvlis martivi procedurebit, rata saqartvelo gamoiyenos satranzitod, TurqeTis teritoriaze gadasvlis miznit. saqartvelos gavlit TurqeTis teritoriaze gadasul pirta umravlesobis saboloo mizani ki evrokavsiris teritoriaze moxvedraa. 38 es procesi, Tavis mxriv, saqartvelosa da TurqeTis evrokavsirtan daaxloebis fonze iwvevs evropeli partniorebis wuxils da ganapirobebs motxovnas saqartvelos xelisuflebis mimart, rom am ukanasknelma gadaxedos migraciastan dakavsirebul politikas da miiros Sesabamisi zomebi aralegaluri migraciis armosafxvrelad. winamdebare politikis dokumentis mizania Cveni qveynis evropul sivrcesi integraciisaken swrafvis fonze gairkves, ramdenad mizansezonilia saqartvelos is maqsimalurad liberaluri midgoma imigraciis mimart, rasac `Ria karis~ politika ewodeba. es moxdeba ramdenime alternativis ganxilvasa da xarjtsargeblianobis analizze dayrdnobit, ris Sedegadac ganisazrvreba sauketeso alternativa da SemuSavdeba Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi. kvlevis metodologiad gamoviyenet arsebuli literaturis, dokumentebisa da samartlebrivi aqtebis mimoxilva, interviuebi saqartvelosi morvawe dargis specialistebtan, Tanamdebobis pirebtan da saertasoriso eqspertebtan; davamusavet qveyanasi arsebuli oficialuri statistikuri monacemebi, moviziet internetresursebi, SeviswavleT sxva qveynebis magalitebi. p r o b l e m i s a R w e r a `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg saqartvelos evropul sivrcesi integrirebisadmi miswrafeba kidev ufro gaizarda. am droisatvis saqartvelos mtavrobam ukve moaxerxa evrokavsirtan savizo rejimis gamartivebis Sesaxeb xelsekrulebis gaformeba. 39 axla ukve mimdinareobs aqtiuri molaparakebebi evropul da qartul mxareebs Soris savizo rejimis liberalizaciastan dakavsirebit. magalitad, saqartvelo-evrokavsiris 38 FRONTEX, General Report 2010, Warsaw 2011. Available at: http://www.frontex.europa.eu/annual_report 39 Tamara Pataraia, Baseline Study on Visa Facilitation between Georgia and EU, Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development, Tbilisi, 2010. 61
TanamSromlobis sabwos me-12 sxdomaze evrokavsiris mxridan gacxadda, rom `2012 wlis dasawyissi Tbiliss ewveva evrokomisiis Semswavleli misia, romlis Sefasebis Sedegad evrokavsiris mxare SesaZleblad miicnevs 2012 wlis zafxulamde saqartvelostan uvizo rejimis Sesaxeb dialogis gaxsnas~. 40 aqve unda arinisnos, rom saqartvelos evrokavsirsi integraciastan dakavsirebuli nebismieri molaparakebis dros, iqneba es savizo rejimis gamartiveba Tu gauqmeba, asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis gaformeba Tu sxva, evropuli mxare gamoxatavs Tavis kritikul pozicias saqartvelos migraciis im politikisadmi, romelsac `Ria karis~ politika ewodeba. Sesabamisad, `Ria karis~ politika warmoadgens ert-ert xelissemslel da uaryofit faqtors saqartvelo-evrokavsirs Soris molaparakebebis dros. `Ria karis~ politika gansakutrebit uaryofiti Sedegebis momtani SeiZleba gaxdes 2012 wels evrokavsiris zemoarnisnuli misiis mier ganxorcielebuli Sefasebis dros, romelzec usualod iqneba damokidebuli daiwyeba Tu ara saqartveloevrokavsirs Soris savizo rejimis liberalizaciis Sesaxeb molaparakebebi. `Ria karis~ politikis arsi mdgomareobs imasi, rom yvela adamians, visac aqvs saqartvelosi Semosvlis survili, ar Seeqmnes qveynis sazrvris gadmolaxvis problema (garda ukiduresi gamonaklisebisa, rodesac Semomsvleli piri aris kriminali, ewvmitanili mzime danasaulsi da a.s.). dresdreisobit 100-ze meti qveyana sargeblobs saqartvelosi Semosvlis uvizo rejimit, 41 xolo im qveynebis moqalaqeebi, romlebic am rejimit ar sargebloben, sazrvarze Zalze martivi procedurebis gavlit axerxeben saqartvelosi Semosvlis uflebis mirebas. `Ria karis~ politikis farglebsi faqtobrivad ar gamoiyeneba vizebis kategorizacia da qveyanasi SemomsvlelTa absoluturi umravlesoba saqartvelos sazrvars kvets `ordinaluri~ vizit. Sesabamisad, `ordinaluri~ viza aris universaluri xasiatis matarebeli. 42 aseti politikis arsebobas aqvs Tavisi argumenti, romelic ZiriTadad qveynis ekonomikur ganvitarebastanaa dakavsirebuli. saqartvelo, romelic eswrafvis gaxdes mimzidveli qveyana turistebisa da investorebisatvis, cdilobs ar Seuqmnas amgvari miznebit qveyanasi Semomsvlelebs vizis mopovebis rtul procedurebtan dakavsirebuli barierebi. ramdenime wlis praqtikac kargad acvenebs, rom `Ria karis~ politika namdvilad arwevs im mizans, ristvisac moxda misi SemoReba _ saqartvelosi turistebisa da investiciebis mozidvas. magalitad, Tuki 2004 wels saqartvelos saxelmwifo sazrvarze Camosul ucxoelta raodenoba ar aremateboda 400 000 adamians, 2007 wels am 40 saqartvelos sagareo saqmeta saministros vebgverdi, axali ambebi: `saqartvelo-evrokavsiris TanamSromlobis sabwos me-12 sxdoma~. 41 saqartvelos sagareo saqmeta saministros oficialuri informacia, ix.: http://mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=geo&sec_id=386; ix. agretve saqartvelos kanoni `ucxoelta samartlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~, muxli 4. 42 International Organization for Migration, Review of Migration Management in Georgia: Assessment Mission Report, January 2008. gv. 13. 62
cifrma ert milions gadaawarba, xolo 2011 wlis monacemebit 2 541 223-s gautola. 43 amastan, mxedvelobasi Tu mivirebt, rom saqartvelosi SemomsvlelTa 90 procentze mets turistuli miznebi aqvs da erti turistis mier gaweuli sasualo danaxarji 1732 ass dolars Seadgens, 44 advili misaxvedria, Tu ra mnisvneloba aqvs turizmit mirebul sargebels saqartvelos ekonomikis ganvitarebistvis. liberaluri savizo politika ar SeiZleba mivicniot saqartvelosi turistta raodenobis zrdis ertadert mtavar faqtorad, magram is namdvilad aris mnisvnelovani motivacia im ucxoelebisatvis, romlebic Tavis turistul mimartulebad saqartvelos irceven. magalitad, savizo politikasa da turizmis ganvitarebas Soris mwidro urtiertkavsirze miutitebs ass-is samogzauro asociaciis mier Catarebuli kvlevac, romlis Tanaxmadac, `ass-is mkacri savizo politika ganapirobebs milionobit turistis dakargvas, rac udidesi danaklisia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis ekonomikistvis.~ 45 savizo politikis mnisvnelobas cxadyofs is faqtic, rom is aris `mogzauroba da turizmis~ yovelwliuri angarisis ert-erti Semadgeneli indikatori. 46 `mogzauroba da turizmis~ yovelwliuri angarisi ki dgeba msoflios ekonomikuri forumis egidit da is warmoadgens avtoritetul saxelmzrvanelos investorebisa Tu turistebistvis. is, rom arnisnul angarissi bolo wlebis ganmavlobasi saqartvelos reitingi bevr qveyanaze ufro marla dgas, mat Soris egvipteze, filipinebsa Tu ukrainaze, 47 garkveulwilad saqartvelos `Ria karis~ politikis damsaxurebaa. yovelive zemotqmuli natlad acvenebs, rom `Ria karis~ politika mnisvnelovani komponentia turizmis ganvitarebistvis, turizmi ki, Tavis mxirv, saqartvelos ekonomikuri winsvlis sawindaria. arsanisnavia, rom ekonomikuri, socialuri Tu politikuri ganvitarebistvis saqartvelostvis aseve Zalian mnisvnelovania evrokavsirtan maqsimaluri integracia. am processi ki, rogorc arvnisnet, ert-ert damabrkolebel faqtors swored `Ria karis~ politika warmoadgens. evrokavsiri SiSobs, rom Cveni qveynis geopolitikuri mdebareobis, evrokavsiris wevr qveynebtan 48 siaxlovis da regionsi arsebuli arastabiluri situaciis fonze saqartvelos mier `Ria karis~ politikis SenarCuneba gamoiwvevs evrokavsiris sazrvrebze aralegalur migrantta nakadis mnisvnelovan zrdas, rac evrokavsiris usafrtxoebistvis zianis momtani iqneba. 49 evropistvis es 43 saqartvelos turizmis erovnuli saagentos oficialuri statistika, ix.: www.gnta.ge 44 informacia eyrdnoba saqartvelos turizmis erovnuli saagentos mier Catarebul kvlevas _ ucxoeli mogzaurebis kvleva sasazrvro-gamsveb punqtebsi, 2010 weli. 45 U.S. Travel Association entitled Ready to Takeoff, Self-Imposed Barriers Deter Visitors, Cost American Jobs, 2011. ix.: http://www.smartervisapolicy.org/site/ 46 World Economic Forum, The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011, Geneva, 2011. 47 ix. SeniSvna 12, gv. 15. 48 igulisxmeba bulgareti da rumineti. 49 International Organization for Migration, Review of Migration Management in Georgia: Assessment Mission Report, January 2008. gv 4. 63
safrtxe kidev ufro gaizrdeba saqartvelosa da TurqeTis evrokavsirsi Semdgomi integraciis fonze. situacias kidev ufro amzafrebs is faqti, rom saqartvelos Sesabamis organoebs ar gaacniat is meqanizmebi, romlitac unda moxdes saqartvelos teritoriaze aralegalurad myofi ucxoelis armocena da gazeveba. anu `Ria karis~ politikis mesveobit ucxoeli SeiZleba Zalian martivad da legalurad Semovides saqartvelosi, magram SemdgomSi ar arsebobs aranairi berketi imisa, rom Tuki es ucxoeli daarrvevs saqartvelosi darcenis vadas, moxdes misi mozebna da saqartvelos teritoriidan gazeveba. 50 amastan, miuxedavad sasazrvro sferosi gatarebuli mnisvnelovani reformebisa, saqartvelos saertasoriso sazrvari mainc ar aris imdenad daculi, rom sazrvris aralegalurad gadakveta maqsimalurad arikvetos. 51 amis gamo evrokavsiris wuxili SeiZleba absoluturad logikurad CaiTvalos da SegviZlia vivaraudot isic, rom `Ria karis~ politikis SenarCunebis pirobebsi 2012 wlis Semfasebeli misia ar miicnevs mizansewonilad saqartvelo-evrokavsirs Soris uvizo mimosvlis rejimze dialogis dawyebas. amrigad, saqartvelo dadga arcevanis winase SedarebiT grzelvadian mizansa (evrokavsirtan maqsimaluri integracia da uvizo rejimis arseboba) da moklevadian mizans (`Ria karis~ politikis wyalobit turizmis ganvitareba da ekonomikuri winsvla) Soris. cxadia, migraciis liberaluri politika mnisvnelovania Cveni qveynis ekonomikuri ganvitarebistvis, magram aseve askaraa, rom `Ria karis~ politikasi sawiroa garkveuli cvlilebebis Setana, radgan arnisnulma politikam garkveul etapze SesaZloa seriozuli problemebi Seqmnas ara mxolod evrokavsiris, aramed Cveni qveynis usafrtxoebis TvalsazrisiTac. saqartvelosi arsebobs mosazreba, rom evrokavsirtan sruli integracia imdenad xangrzlivi procesia, rom am etapze `Ria karis~ politikis Secvla ekonomikurad metad wamgebiani iqneba Cveni qveynistvis. aseve arsebobs mosazreba, rom evrokavsirtan integracia imdenad mnisvnelovania qveynis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri ganvitarebistvis, rom am procesis damabrkolebeli nebismieri garemoeba myisve unda armoifxvras. mtavrobis amjamindeli politika mimartulia iqitken, rom `Ria karis~ politika unda SenarCundes qveynis interesebidan gamomdinare. magram, migraciis samtavrobo komisiaze ganixileba aseve sakitxi, Tu ra koreqtivebis Setana SeiZleba arsebul politikasi im miznit, rom maqsimalurad armoifxvras aralegaluri migraciis safrtxe da, Sesabamisad, Semcirdes evrokavsiris wuxili am mimartebit. 52 50 ix. SeniSvna 15, gv. 4. 51 saqartvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 4 Tebervlis brzanebuleba `saqartvelos sazrvris martvis strategiis~ damtkicebis Sesaxeb. gv.10. 52 informacia mirebulia saqartvelos iusticiis saministros samoqalaqo reestris saagentodan. 64
p r o b l e m i s g a d a W r i s g z e b i ( a l t e r n a t i v e b i ) SeiZleba ganvixilot mocemuli problemis gadawris 3 realuri alternativa. pirveli alternativa gulisxmobs saqartvelos migraciuli kanonmdeblobisa da politikis srul SesabamisobaSi moyvanas evrokavsiris standartebtan. meore alternativad moiazreba evrokavsiris rekomendaciata safuzvelze amjamad arsebul politikasi garkveuli cvlilebebis Setana. mesame alternativaa arsebuli `Ria karis~ politikis ucvlelad datoveba. alternativa I _ saqartvelos migraciuli kanonmdeblobisa da politikis srul SesabamisobaSi moyvana evrokavsiris standartebtan. am alternativis mixedvit, unda moxdes evrokavsiris standartebis srulad gaziareba saqartvelos migraciis politikasa da kanonmdeblobasi. alternativis yvelaze mnisvnelovani aspeqtebia: `Ria karis~ politikis gauqmeba da mkacri savizo politikis SemoReba, sazrvrebis kontrolis efeqtianobis gazrda da aralegalta armocenisa da gazevebis meqanizmebis danergva. am mxriv saqartvelos xelisuflebam unda miiros Semdegi zomebi: saqartvelos savizo politika unda gamkacrdes evrokavsiris savizo kodeqsis Sesabamisad. 53 kerzod, pirvel rigsi sawiroa usafrtxoebis interesebis gatvaliswinebit im qveyanata raodenobis maqsimalurad Semcireba, romlebic saqartvelosi uvizo Semosvlis rejimit sargebloben. amastan, unda moxdes vizebis kategorizacia moklevadian da grzelvadian vizebad ise, rom TiToeuli Seicavdes vizis qvekategoriebs. magalitad, vizis iseti qvekategoriebi, rogoricaa turistuli viza, kerzo vizitis viza, samedicino danisnulebis viza, saqmiani viza, studenturi viza, ojaxis gaertianebis viza _ moxvdeba moklevadian vizata kategoriasi. xolo, magalitad, investoris da diplomatiuri viza moxvdeba grzelvadian vizata kategoriasi. moklevadiani vizis xangrzlivoba ar unda arematebodes 90 dres, xolo grzelvadianisa _ 180 dres. savizo politikis gamkacrebis aucilebeli Semadgeneli nawilia vizis mirebis ufleba mxolod sazrvargaret, saqartvelos sakonsulo dawesebulebebsi, da ara saqartvelos sasazrvro-gamsveb punqtebze, rogorc es amjamad xdeba. agretve, saqartvelos sakonsuloebma unda gascen mxolod Sesabamisi kategoriisa da qvekategoriis viza da mxolod aplikanti piris safuzvliani Semowmebis Semdeg, rac TavisTavad garkveul drostan iqneba dakavsirebuli. am mxriv sawiro iqneba Sesabamisi 53 EU Visa Code. Summery available at: www.europa.eu/legislation_summaries 65
personalis damateba rogorc saqartvelos sakonsuloebsi, sazrvargaret, ise qveynis SigniT arsebul kompetentur organoebsi. 54 am alternativis aucilebeli Semadgeneli komponentia saqartvelos teritoriaze aralegalurad darcenili piris armocenisa da gazevebis efeqtiani meqanizmis danergva. amistvis unda gatardes Semdegi 3 RonisZieba: 1. unda Seiqmnas monacemta kompiuteruli baza, romlis sasualebitac moxdeba TiToeuli Semomsvleli ucxoelis arricxva, mistvis specialuri kodis miniweba da Semdgom imis gakontroleba, 55 Tu konkretuli ucxoeli ramdenad icavs saqartvelosi darcenis vizit miniwebul vadas. 2. unda Camoyalibdes garkveuli struqturuli erteuli, magalitad, saxelmwufo migraciis policia, romlis amocanac iqneba aralegalta armocena da qveynidan gazeveba. es aris policiis tipis samsaxuri, romelsac aucileblad daswirdeba administraciuli baza Tavisi teritoriuli samsaxurebita da Sesabamisi personalit, efeqtiani wvdoma zemoarnisnul monacemta bazastan, manqanebi da sxva resursebi. 3. unda asendes da amoqmeddes aralegalta gantavsebis centri. aseti centri unda akmayofilebdes yvela im saertasoriso standars, romelic uzrunvelyofs, rom iq motavsebuli ucxoelis uflebebi ar dairrves. mocemuli alternativis fargelbsi sawiro iqneba saqartvelos sasazrvro zolis kontrolis gaumjobeseba. es RonisZieba gulisxmobs sasazrvro-sagusago punqtebis arwurvas Tanamedrove teqnologiuri aparaturit da sasazrvro oficerta raodenobis gazrdas. am etapze mocemuli alternativis ertadert dadebit mxared SeiZleba mivicniot is, rom am alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, qartuli mxare dazlevs evropul mxarestan molaparakebis da urtiertobis ert-ert damabrkolebel faqtors da isargeblebs garkveuli upiratesobit. es dadebiti mxare, Tavis mxriv, iqneba mnisvnelovani wingadadgmuli nabiji, romelic kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels qveynis svlas evropuli sivrcisken. aqve unda arinisnos, rom ramdenadac evrokavsirtan savizo rejimis gauqmeba da sruli integracia SedarebiT grzelvadiani mizania, am etapze es alternativa, ZiriTadad, uaryofiti Sedegebis momtani SeiZleba armocndes. kerzod, garda zemot CamoTvlili aucilebeli RonisZiebebis xarjebisa, es alternativa gamoiwvevs turistta raodenobis mnisvnelovan Semcirebas, 56 rac Zalze uaryofitad aisaxeba saqartvelos ekonomikaze. 54 igulisxmeba Sinagan saqmeta saministro da samoqalaqo reestris saagento. 55 arnisnuli kontroli gulisxmobs Semosuli ucxoelis mier savizo motxovnebis dacvis kontrols miniwebuli kodis mesveobit da ara ama Tu im piris saxelisa da gvaris an sxva raime personaluri monacemis safuzvelze. 56 iqidan gamomdinare, rom iseti popularuli turistuli mimartulebis qveyanasi, rogoric egviptea, savizo politikis gamkacrebis Semdeg turistta nakadis mkvetr Semcirebas varaudoben, 66
mocemuli alternativa garkveul risksac ukavsirdeba. ar arsebobs aranairi garantia imisa, rom Tuki saqartvelo uars ityvis im ekonomikur sargebelze, romelic moaqvs `Ria karis~ politikas, es daacqarebs evrokavsirtan Cveni qveynis integraciis process. alternativa II _ `Ria karis~ politikis SenarCuneba massi evrokavsiris rekomendaciata safuzvelze garkveuli cvlilebebis SetaniT. es alternativa gulisxmobs ara evrokavsiris standartebis mtlianad SemoRebas, aramed ukve arsebuli politikis garkveuli saxis modifikacias evrokavsiris rekomendaciebze dayrdnobit. kerzod, am alternativis mixedvit, ar moxdeba savizo procedurebis gamkacreba. mocemuli alternativis farglebsi saqartvelom unda gadaxedos im qveyanata ricxvs, vistanac aqvs uvizo Semosvlis rejimi da ekonomikuri sargeblianobis TvalsazrisiT gadaaxalisos am qveynebis sia. magalitad, ert-ert variantad SeiZleba ganixilos uvizod Semosvlis rejimis datoveba im qveynis moqalaqetatvis, romeli qveynis mtliani Sida produqtic saqartvelosas 2-jer an metad aremateba. pirveli alternativis msgavsad, mocemuli alternativac moitxovs vizebis kategorizacias. unda moxdes grzelvadiani da moklevadiani vizebis kategoriebad dayofa imave principit, romelic pirvel alternativasi ganvixilet. magram pirveli alternativisgan gansxvavebit, winamdebare alternativa ar krzalavs romelime qvekategoriis moklevadiani vizis gacemas saqartvelos sasazrvro-gamsveb punqtebze. amastan, mocemuli alternativis farglebsi unda Seiqmnas saqartvelos vizebis eleqtronuli portali, romlis mesveobitac nebismier ucxoels SeeZleba Zalian martivi eleqtronuli procedurebis gavlit saqartvelosi Semosvlis uflebis mireba (an ar mireba). aseti portalis Sesaxeb informaciis masobrivi gavrcelebis Semdeg Semcirdeba sazrvarze vizis arebis msurvelta ricxvi, radgan ucxoelta umravlesoba amjobinebs saqartvelosi Camofrindes sazrvris kvetis ukve mirebuli uflebit, vidre Tundac mcire albatobit imisa, rom sazrvarze an miscemen vizas da an _ ara. es, Tavis mxriv, sasualebas miscems saqartvelos Sesabamis organoebs rom eleqtronuli vizis mirebis msurveli ufro efeqtianad Seamowmon. winamdebare alternativis ganxorcielebac sawiroebs iseti struqturuli erteulis Seqmnas, romlis uflebamosilebac iqneba qveyanasi vizis amowurvis Semdeg aralegalurad darcenil pirta gamovlena da gazeveba. aseti struqturuli erteulis Camoyalibeba-funqcionirebas ki, rogorc ukve arvnisnet, mnisvnelovani finansuri resursebi daswirdeba. radganac es alternativa (`Ria karis~ politikis SenarCuneba massi evrokavsiris rekomendaciata safuzvelze garkveuli cvlilebebis SetaniT) ar Cven, kompetentur pirebtan konsultaciis Semdeg, vfiqrobt, rom saqartvelosi turistta nakadi minimum 1/3-jer Semcirdeba. ix.: www.thedailynewsegypt.com : Egypt's new tourist visa policy raises concern. 67
gulisxmobs evropuli standartebis srulad Sesrulebas, SesaZlebelia arnisnuli funqciebi ukve moqmed struqturul erteuls daekisros, magalitad, sapatrulo policias. amit daizogeba is finansuri resursi, romelic axali samsaxuris Seqmnisa da funqcionirebisatvis iqneba sawiro da Tan sapatrulo policia aranakleb efeqtianad ganaxorcielebs damatebul funqciebs. mocemuli alternativis ganxorcieleba, pirveli alternativis msgavsad, sawiroebs aralegalta gantavsebis saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisi centris asenebas da iseti kompiuteruli monacemta bazis Seqmnas, romlitac moxdeba ucxoelis qveyanasi darcenis vadis dacvis kontroli. agretve unda moxdes sasazrvro-sagusago punqtebis arwurva Tanamedrove teqnologiuri aparaturit da sasazrvro oficerta raodenobis gazrda saqartvelos saertasoriso sazrvrebis kontrolis efeqtianobis gasazrdelad. am alternativis dadebiti mxare _ am gzit evropul mxares davanaxebt, rom saqartvelo evrointegraciis processi etapobrivad axorcielebs migraciastan dakavsirebul rekomendaciebs. amastan, saqartvelo manam SeinarCunebs `Ria karis~ politikas, sanam ar moxdeba, magalitad, evropastan uvizo mimosvlaze SeTanxmeba. `Ria karis~ politikis SenarCuneba ki nisnavs amit mirebuli ekonomikuri sargebelis SenarCunebas, romelzec saqartvelos mxolod masin SeeZleba uaris Tqma, rodesac evropastan sruli integraciis realuri procesi daiwyeba. mocemuli alternativis uaryofiti mxarea xarjianoba. Tumca, gamomdinare iqidan, rom es alternativa ar gamoiwvevs turistta nakadis Semcirebas, misi xarjianobac pirvel alternativastan SedarebiT, bevrad naklebia. alternativa III _ arafris keteba _ `Ria karis~ politikis ucvlelad datoveba. mesame alternativa gulisxmobs arafris ketebis variants, anu saqartvelo SeinarCunebs `Ria karis~ politikas, yovelgvari cvlilebebis garese. am alternativis dadebiti mxarea is, rom mis ganxorcielebas ar swirdeba aranairi damatebiti finansuri resursi. ufro metic, es alternativa gulisxmobs, rom saqartvelo SeinarCunebs da gazrdis turistta raodenobasa da moziduli investiciebis moculobas, rac mnisvnelovani faqtoria qveynis ekonomikuri ganvitarebisatvis. alternativis uaryofiti mxare _ igi warmoadgens ertgvar damabrkolebel garemoebas evropul mxarestan molaparakebebisa da urtiertobis processi. amastan, am alternativis ganxocielebam SesaZloa seriozuli safrtxe Seuqmnas rogorc evrokavsiris, ise Cveni qveynis usafrtxoebasac. am alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli iqneba evrokavsiris darwmuneba, rom rodesac dadgeba evropastan ufro Rrma integraciis sakitxi, saqartvelo SeZlebs `Ria karis~ politikis myisier da efeqtian cvlilebas. 68
a l t e r n a t i v e b i s m o s a l o d n e l i S e d e g e b i s m a t r i c a 57 alternativa/ kriteriumebi Sedegianoba (0-10 bali) xarjianoba wliurad (lari) sistemis amoqmedebis xarjebi (lari) ganxorcielebadoba politikuri TvalsazrisiT (0-10 bali) ganxorcielebadoba administraciuli TvalsazrisiT (0-10 bali) vadebi (Tve) beneficiaris kmayofilebis done (0-10 bali) alt.1 10 1 250 362 360 45 700 000 3 4 15-20 10 alt.2 7 1 284 000 33 360 000 7 7 6-10 7 alt.3 0 5 730 000 000 0 9 10 0 0 m a t r i c i s S e d e g e b i s a n a l i z i / u p i r a t e s i a l t e r n a t i v i s S e r C e v a rogorc matricidan Cans, pirvel alternativas aqvs yvelaze marali Sedegianoba da beneficiaris kmayofilebis yvelaze marali done, magram misi ganxorcieleba imdenad did xarjebtanaa dakavsirebuli, rom misi realizacia faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia, gansakutrebit, aseti dabali politikuri mxardaweris fonze. amastan, es alternativa administraciuli TvalsazrisiTac Znelad gansaxorcielebelia da Tan yvelaze grzel vadebs sawiroebs. mesame alternativa sargeblobs politikuri mxardaweris marali xarisxit, administraciuli TvalsazrisiT aris absoluturad ganxorcielebadi da sawiroebs minimalur vadebs, magram misi ganxorcielebac uzarmazar xarjebs ukavsirdeba. 58 garda amisa, radganac am alternativis SemTxvevaSi Sedegianobisa da beneficiaris kmayofilebis macveneblebi nulis tolia, unda gamoiricxos am alternativis mizansewoniloba. 57 detaluri xarjtarricxvistvis ix. danarti #1. 58 xarjebsi igulisxmeba evrokavsirsi integraciis Sedegad mirebuli is ekonomikuri sargebeli, romelsac dakargavs saqartvelo mesame alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi. 69
rac Seexeba meore alternativas, misi ganxorcieleba dakavsirebulia garkveul xarjebtan, magram pirvel da mesame alternativastan SedarebiT es xarjebi minimaluria. amastan, politikuri da administraciuli TvalsazrisiT misi ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia, Tan _ mokle vadebsi. rac yvelaze mtavaria, misi Sedegianoba da beneficiaris kmayofilebis done bevrad maralia mesame alternativaze da umnisvnelod CamorCeba pirvel alternativas. gamomdinare iqidan, rom am etapze Cveni qveynistvis yvelaze xelsayreli poziciaa vacvenot evropul mxares, rom saqartvelo garkveul nabijebs dgams migraciastan dakavsirebuli motxovnebis Sesasruleblad da amavdroulad ar davkargot is sargebeli, rasac `Ria karis~ politika gvazlevs, sauketesod swored meore alternativa gvevlineba. d a s k v n e b i d a r e k o m e n d a c i e b i winamdebare politikur dokumentsi ganxiluli iyo saqartvelos mtavrobis mier arceuli `Ria karis~ savizo politikis mizansewoniloba. es sakitxi aqtualuria, radgan `Ria karis~ politika sul ufro da ufro met dabrkolebas uqmnis qartul mxares evrokavsirtan integrciis gzaze. amastan, zedmetad liberaluri savizo politika garkveul etapze SeiZleba saziano armocndes ara mxolod evrokavsiris, aramed Cveni qveynis usafrtxoebis TvalsazrisiTac. amastan, gamomdinare iqidan, rom `Ria karis~ politika did rols asrulebs Cvens qveyanasi ucxoeli turistebis mozidvis TvalsazrisiT, xolo turizmit mirebuli ekonomikuri sargebeli ki Cveni qveynistvis Zalze mnisvnelovania, arc `Ria karis~ politikaze erti xelis mosmit uaris Tqma iqneboda mizansewonili. amitom winamdebare politikuri dokumentis mizani iyo sauketeso balansis povna am or urtiertsapirispiro interess Soris. xarjtsargeblianobis analizis Sedegebis safuzvelze da, zogadad, dokumentsi ganxiluli politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu socialuri vitarebidan gamomdinare, dadginda, rom `Ria karis~ politikis SenarCuneba da massi evrokavsiris rekomendaciata safuzvelze garkveuli cvlilebebis Setana warmoadgens problemis gadawris upirates alternativas. am upiratesi alternativis gatvaliswinebit SemuSavda Semdegi rekomendaciebi, romelta mtavari adresatia saqartvelos migraciis sakitxta samtavrobo komisia: 1. gadaixedos im qveynebis sia, romlebtanac saqartvelos aqvs uvizo Semosvlis rejimi da ekonomikuri sargeblianobis gatvaliswinebit moxdes am qveynebis raodenobis SeZlebisdagvarad Semcireba; ert-ert variantad SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnes uvizo rejimis SenarCuneba im qveynebis moqalaqetatvis, romelta mtliani Sida produqti saqartvelosas 2-jer an metjer aremateba. 70
2. moxdes vizata kategoriebisa da qvekategoriebis gansazrvra, evrokavsiris rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad. 3. SenarCundes moklevadiani vizebis gacema saqartvelos sasazrvro-gamsveb punqtebze. grzelvadiani vizis gacema ki moxdes mxolod saqartvelos sakonsuloebsi. 4. Seiqmnas vizebis eleqtronuli portali, romlis mesveobitac nebismieri ucxoeli Zalian martivi eleqtronuli procedurebis gavlit SeZlebs saqartvelosi Semosvlis uflebis mirebas; moxdes samizne jgufis adekvaturi informireba aseti portalis arsebobis Sesaxeb. 5. migraciis samtavrobo komisiis sxdomaze, sadac Sinagan saqmeta saministroc aris warmodgenili, SemuSavdes sqema, Tu rogor moxdes patrulis arwurva aralegalis armocenisa da gazevebis uflebamosilebit. 6. asendes aralegalta gantavsebis saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisi centri da ganisazrvros is saxelmwifo uwyeba, romlis daqvemdebarebasic es centri moeqceva. 7. Seiqmnas monacemta kompiuteruli baza, romlis sasualebitac efeqtianad gakontroldeba, Tu ramdenad icavs saqartvelosi darcenis vizit miniwebul vadas konkretuli ucxoeli. 8. arnisnul monacemta bazis sruli wvdoma ganisazrvros Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebebistvis, gansakutrebit ki sagareo saqmeta saministros, Sinagan saqmeta saministros da samoqalaqo reestris saagentostvis. 9. sazrvris dacvis efeqtianobis gazrdis miznit Sinagan saqmeta saministrom unda uzrunvelyos saqartvelos sasazrvro-gamsvebi punqtebis Tanamedrove teqnologiuri aparaturit arwurva da sasazrvro oficerta raodenobis zrda. 10. ganvitardes efeqtiani TanamSromloba samoqalaqo reestrs, sagareo saqmeta saministrosa da Sss-s (gansakutrebit, sapatrulo policia da sasazrvro policia) Soris. 11. gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb mudmivad ecnobos evrokavsiris warmomadgenlobas. l i t e r a t u r a 1. `armosavletis partnioroba: evrokomisiis rekomendacia evropis parlamentisa da evrokavsiris sabwostvis~, Tavi 3.3, briuseli, 3 dekemberi, 2008. 2. evropis samezoblo politika: `evrokavsiri-saqartvelos samoqmedo gegma~, prioritetuli sfero 4. ix.: http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/documents_en.htm 3. saqartvelos iusticiis saministros pressamsaxuri, axali ambebi: `migraciis sakitxta samtavrobo komisiis sxdoma~. (19/05/2011). 4. saqartvelos kanoni `ucxoelta samartlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~, muxli 4. 71
5. saqartvelos mtavrobis 2010 wlis 13 oqtombris dadgenileba #314 `migraciis sakitxta samtavrobo komisiis Seqmnisa da debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~. 6. saqartvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 4 Tebervlis brzanebuleba `saqartvelos sazrvris martvis strategiis~ damtkicebis Sesaxeb. 7. saqartvelos sagareo saqmeta saministros vebgverdi, axali ambebi: `saqartveloevrokavsiris TanamSromlobis sabwos me-12 sxdoma~. 8. saqartvelos turizmis erovnuli saagentos oficialuri statistika, ix.: www.gnta.ge 9. saqartvelos turizmis erovnuli saagentos mier Catarebul kvleva: `ucxoeli mogzaurebis kvleva sasazrvro-gamsveb punqtebsi~, 2010. 10. EU Visa Code. Summery available at: www.europa.eu/legislation_summaries 11. FRONTEX, General Report 2010, Warsaw, (2011). Available at: http://www.frontex.europa.eu/annual_report 12. International Organization for Migration, Review of Migration Management in Georgia: Assessment Mission Report, (January 2008). 13. Pataraia Tamara, Baseline Study on Visa Facilitation between Georgia and EU, Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development, Tbilisi (2010). 14. U.S. Travel Association entitled Ready to Takeoff, Self-Imposed Barriers Deter Visitors, Cost American Jobs, (2011). Available at: http://www.smartervisapolicy.org/site/ 15. World Economic Forum, The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011, Geneva, (2011). 16. www.thedailynewsegypt.com : Egypt's new tourist visa policy raises concern. 72
d a n a r T i a l t e r n a t i v e b i s x a r j T a R r i c x v a a l t e r n a t i v a I : 1. xarjebi, dakavsirebuli turistebis raodenobis SemcirebasTan: 2011 wlis monacemebit, am wlis ganmavlobasi saqartvelosi Semovida 2 600 000 ucxoeli. aqedan 90 procenti _ turistuli miznebit, anu 2 340 000 ucxoels hqonda turistuli miznebi. mkacri savizo politkis (pirveli alternativis) uaryofiti Sedegebi swored am ricxvze dayrdnobit aris daangarisebuli. ramdenadac mkacri savizo politika ar Seexeba yvela qveyanas (mat Soris evrokavsirs), miaxloebiti raodenoba ucxoelbisa, romlebzec pirveli alternativis ganxorcieleba moaxdens gavlenas, iqneba 2 340 000-is 75 procenti, anu 1 755 000 adamiani. 1 755 000 ucxoelidan mkacri savizo politikis gamo yvela ar ityvis uars saqartvelosi Camosvlaze. savaraudo raodenoba ucxoelebisa, romlebic pirveli alternativis ganxorcielebis Semdeg arar Camovlen saqartvelosi, iqneba 1 755 000-is 1/3, anu 585000 ucxoeli. 59 turizmis erovnuli saagentos kvlevis mixedvit, erti turistis sasualo danaxarji saqartvelosi Seadgens 1732 ass dolars. Sesabamisad, finansuri danakargi gautoldeba 585000 X 1732$ = 1 013 220 000$-s. rogorc wesi, am Tanxis ekonomikuri sargebeli (Value Added) aris misi 70-80 procenti. Cveni politikis dokumentistvis ganisazrvra Sualeduri _ 75 procenti. amrigad, is finansuri danakargi, rasac turistebis raodenobis SemcirebiT pirveli alternativa gamoiwvevs, iqneba 1 013 220 000 ass dolaris 75 procenti, rac tolia 759 915 000 ass dolarisa. es drevandeli kursis mixedvit aris 1 246 260 600 lari. 2. savizo ganacxadis mireba-damusavebistvis da aplikantis Sesabamisi SemowmebisTvis sawiro iqneba personalis damateba, rogorc saqartvelos misiebsi sazrvargaret, ise Sinagan saqmeta saministros Sesabamis samsaxursi. sasualod, sul mcire 2 adamiani unda daematos saqartvelos TiToeul misias sazrvargaret (minus ass da evrokavsiris qveynebi), romelta sasualo xelfasi iqneba 3000 ass dolari, anu 22 (misia) X 2 (TanamSromeli) X 3000$ (xelfasi) X 12(Tve) = 1 584 000$-s. 1 584 000 ass dolaris ekvivalenti larsi iqneba 2 597 760 lari wliurad. Sss-is Sesabamis samsaxursi personali unda gaizardos minimum 50 adamianit, savizo aplikaciebis raodenobidan gamomdinare. erti damatebuli TanamSromlis xelfasi sasualod Seadgens 700 lars, anu 50 (TanamSromeli) X 700 (xelfasi) X 12 (Tve) = 420 000 lari 2 597 760 lari + 420 000 lari = 3 017 760 lari. 3. kompiuteruli bazis adekvaturi funqcionirebistvis sawiro iqneba masze minimum 10 adamianis mimagreba sasualo xelfasit _ 700 lari, rac tolia 84 000 laris wliurad. 59 Tu ratom 1/3, ix. ZiriTadi dokumentis 23-e SeniSvna. 73
4. saimigracio policiis funqcionirebisatvis sawiro iqneba minimum 300 000 lari wliurad (xelfasi, manqanebi, sawvavi, a.s.). 5. aralegalta gantavsebis centris Senaxva dajdeba 300 000 lari wliurad (Tanxa efuzneba amjamad moqmedi ltolvilta gantavsebis centris funqcionirebas, romlis Senaxvac 20 000 lari jdeba Tviurad). 6. personalgazrdili sagusagoebis SenaxvisTvis wliurad sawiro iqneba 400 000 lari. I alternativis xarjianoba wliurad = 1 246 260 600 lari + 3 017 760 lari + 84 000 lari + 300 000 lari + 300 000 lari + 400 000 lari = 1 250 362 360 lari. 7. alternativasi ganxiluli kompiuteruli bazis Seqmna da amusaveba samoqalaqo reestridan (romelic ukve musaobs am bazis Seqmanze) mirebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, dajdeba daaxloebit 200 000lari. 8. saimigracio policiis efeqtiani musaobistvis sawiroa am samsaxurs hqondes, sul mcire, 3 ofisi saqartvelosi: erti, romelic moicavs dedaqalaqs, erti _ armosavlet saqartvelos da erti _ dasavlet saqartvelos. erti ofisis aseneba da Sesabamisi arwurva, minimum, 3 000 000 lari dajdeba, anu 3 X 3 000 000 = 9 000 000 lari. 9. saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisi aralegalta gantavsebis centris asenebaarwurva dajdeba, minimum, 4 000 000 lari. 10. gamomdinare iqidan, rom sazrvris dacvastan dakavsirebuli informacia saidumloa, detalebis ganxilvis garese moyvanilia mxolod is Tanxa, rac sawiroa yvela sagusaogos Sesabamisi teqnikit arwurvisatvis 32 500 000 lari. I alternativis amoqmedebis xarjebi = 200 000 lari + 9 000 000 lari + 4 000 000 lari + 32 500 000 lari = 45 700 000 lari. pirveli alternativis ganxorcielebis vadebs axangrzlivebs iseti struqturuli erteulis Camoyalibeba, rogoricaa saimigracio policia, romlis gamartuli funqcionirebistvis daaxloebit sawiro iqneba 20 Tve. pirveli alternativis politikuri mxardawera am etapze sakmaod dabali iqneba, radgan turizmit mirebuli sargebeli metad mnisvnelovania qveynis ekonomikistvis da misi dakargva Zalze uaryofit SedegebTan iqneba dakavsirebuli. am alternativas marali mxardawera eqneba, rodesac saqartvelos evrokavsirsi integraciis realuri procesi daiwyeba. administraciuli TvalsazrisiT am alternativis ganxorcielebas artulebs axali saxelmwifo struqturuli erteulis Seqmna (saimigracio samsaxuri) da personalis gazrda sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebasi. a l t e r n a t i v a I I : 1. vizis eleqtronuli portalis funqcionireba, masze mimagrebuli personalita da sxva xarjebit dajdeba daaxloebit 500 000 lari wliurad. 74
2. kompiuteruli bazis adekvaturi funqcionirebistvis sawiro iqneba masze minimum 10 adamianis mimagreba, sasualo xelfasit 700 lari, rac tolia 84 000 laris wliurad. 3. aralegalta gantavsebis centris Senaxva dajdeba 300 000 lari wliurad (Tanxa efuzneba amjamad moqmedi ltolvilta gantavsebis centris funqcionirebas, romlis Senaxvac Tviurad 20 000 lari Rirs). 4. personalgazrdili sagusagoebis SenaxvisTvis wliurad sawiro iqneba 400 000 lari. II alternativis xarjianoba wliurad = 500 000 lari + 84 000 lari + 300 000 lari + 400 000 lari = 1 284 000 lari. 5. vizis eleqtronuli portalis Seqmnisa da amusavebis daaxloebiti Rirebulebaa 200 000 lari. 6. patrulis treningi aralegalta armocena-gazevebastan dakavsirebul sakitxebsi _ daaxloebit 60 000 lari. 7. saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisi aralegalta gantavsebis centris asenebaarwurva _ minimum 4 000 000 lari. 8. alternativasi ganxiluli kompiuteruli bazis Seqmna da amusaveba, samoqalaqo reestridan (romelic ukve musaobs am bazis Seqmanze) mirebuli informaciis Tanaxmad _ daaxloebit 200 000 lari. 9. sasazrvro sagusaogos Sesabamisi teqnikit arwurvisatvis 32 500 000 lari. II alternativis amoqmedebis xarjebi: 200 000 lari + 60 000 lari + 400 000 lari + 200 000 lari + 32 500 000 lari = 33 360 000 lari. am alternativis ganxorcielebis vadebs axangrzlivebs aralegalta gantavsebis centris aseneba-arwurva da sasazrvro sagusagoebis arwurva Tanamedrove teqnologiebit, rasac daaxloebit 6-10 Tve daswirdeba. am alternativas eqneba sakmarisi politikuri mxardawera, radgan misi ganxorcieleba arc uzarmazar TanxebTanaa dakavsirebuli da arc turistebis raodenobis Semcirebas moitxovs. administraciuli TvalsazrisiT rtuli iqneba patrulis arwurva axali, damatebiti funqciebit da aseve vizebis eleqtronuli portalis Seqmna. a l t e r n a t i v a I I I mesame alternativis ertaderti SesaZlo xarjia im ekonomikuri sargeblis dakargva, romelsac saqartvelo miirebs evrokavsirsi sruli integraciit. rogorc wesi, es Seadgens qveynis mtliani Sida produqtis 0,1-0,5-s wliurad. winamdebare politikis dokumentistvis aset macveneblad aviret 0,3. saqartvelos msp (11,66 miliardi ass dolari)x0,3=3,498 miliard ass dolars, rac Seadgens 5,73 miliard lars. Sesabamisad, mesame alternativis xarjianoba Seadgens 5 730 000 000 lars wliurad. mesame alternativis politikuri mxardawera, miuxedavad imisa, rom naklebia wina wlebtan SedarebiT, mainc maralia, rac gamowveulia mtavrobis amjamindeli politikit _ moizidos turistebis maqsimaluri raodenoba. 75