21 2Π3 2009 3 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 21 No. 2Π3 Mar., 2009 3 3 3 ( 510640),,,,,,,,: : X705 ; X783 ; X131 : A : 10052281X(2009) 02Π320550208 The Pollution by Electronic and Electric Wastes Peng Pingπan 3 3 Sheng Guoying Fu Jiamo ( Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China) Abstract This paper reviews the environmental pollution caused by electronic and electric wastes ( EWs). EWs contain valuable materials such as heavy metals, plastics and flame retardants, etc., which can be easily but not environmental friendly recycled. Improper recycling processes may release several hundreds of hazard materials into environment. Among them, the second pollutants produced in recycling are less concerned and need more investigations. Disposal methods of EWs can be divided into two catalogues, e. g., those are based on the environmental protection and those are based on the recycling of valuable materials. Up2to2date, the available methods can t balance the two aspects. The primitive disposal of EWs in China had resulted in severe environmental pollution and human health problems in the dismantling areas. The concentration of heavy metals, brominated flame retardants, and chlorinated and brominated dioxins are much higher in the atmosphere, soil, river and biota. The control of EWs pollution seems to be an important task for environmental protection. The study of EWs pollution only started ten years ago. The many research areas, therefore, are still blank and need to be studied. The researches in the future may direct to the releasing kinetics of brominated pollutants, formation of second pollutants, natural attenuation and toxicology of brominated pollutants, etc. Key words electronic (electric) wastes ; recycling processes ; brominated pollutants ; chlorinated pollutants ; heavy metals : 2009 2 3 (No. 40830745) 3 3 e2mail :pinganp @gig. ac. cn
2Π3 551 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Hazard materials in electronic and electric wastes ( EWs) 3 The disposals of EWs and pollutants emission 3. 1 Brief introduction of EWs disposal methods 3. 2 Pollutant emission during the disposals of EWs 4 Pollution in the EWs dismantling areas in China 5 Research areas meriting further investigation 6 Summary 1,, [1 ],2 0005 000,1Π3, 2 % 5 % ; 1Π4,4 % 3 % 5 % [2 ] [3 ] 2003 110,,5 % 10 %,,80 %, 90 % [4 ], 2 700 [5 ],,, 40 % [6 ], ;,, 50 % [7 ],, : : (1) (CRT) (2),,CRTs (3) 22 %,,, (4) (5),(6) PVC :,PVC,26 % PVC PVC,PVC (BFRs) :BFRs,,, 5 % 30 %(PBDEs) (HBCD) A(TBBA) BFRs BFRs :,, 2B :CRTs, CRTs, :, 1 3 3. 1 : (1) (1998 3 %) [8 ] (2),EPA 1997 320 [9 ] (3),, [10,11 ] :
552 21 1 Table 1 Hazard materials in a desk2top computer Π () PBDEs ;( PBBs), ΠCRT, ; ;,Π,CRT,,,,, ; Alzheimer ( ) Π, Π(),CRT,,,,; ΠCRT Π,,, ;,Π(),,,,, DNA ;, 2 Π,,CRT,, ;,Π, ;,,, ; Π,,,, ;, ΠCRT,,, ; :, :1. (MCC),1996 ; 2.,, (MSS) ;3.,, 2001 ;4. ATSDR ToxFAQ,1995 2001 ;5.,2001,, ; ;,,,, 90 %,,,, :,, ;, : (1) A,, ; ; (2) B, (3) C,, ;, (4) D,, 2 3. 2,,,,, 1 [12 ] 130kg 41kg29kg20kg18kg10kg 0145kg,, [13 ], [14 BFRs 16 ] BFRs : A A
2Π3 553 2 Table 2 Potential risks in the primitive disposals of EWs CRTs ; ; ; ;, PBDDΠFs ; ; PBDDΠFs, ; PBDDΠFs PBDDΠFs PCDDΠFs PAHs PCDDΠFs PBDDΠFs PAHs :PBDDΠFs Π,PCDDΠFs Π PAHs ;, A (2,32 ) S (2,32 ) ( PBBs),,,,, 9 [17 ],,,, BFRs, : (1) ; (2) ; (3) [18,19 ] ; (4) ; (5) Π( PXDDΠFs) [20 ] : (1) ; (2),, 4,,,,, Wong [21,22 ] : Ag Cr Hg Ni Cu Pb Zn (01344 9310 gπl), Cd ( n. d. 1013mgΠkg) Cu ( 1710 4 540mgΠkg ) Ni ( 1214 543mgΠkg) Pb (2816 590mgΠkg) Zn (5113 324mgΠkg),,, PBDEs, PBDEs [23,24 ] PBDEs 7 200 [22,25 ],17 PCDDΠFs (599 156pg g - 1 ) [25 ] 16 PAHs (3 206 g1kg - 1 ) [26 ], PCBs 458 g kg - 1 PAHs PBDEs [22 ],Liu 30 PCBs PCDDΠFs PBDEs [27 ], Deng [28 ], TSP PM2. 5 16 EPA PAHs 4010 347ng m - 3 2217
554 21 263ng m - 3, PAHs 73 %, (a) 2 6, PM215 Cr Cu Zn 4 33 Wong [22 ] PBDEs PCDDΠFs PCBs PAHs, PM215 22 PBDEs (1618ng m - 3 ) 100,PCDDΠFs 115,311, PAHs 2 6, [29 PCDDΠFs PBDDΠFs PBDEs 32 ],, PCDDΠFs, I2TEQ 10 40 ( ), 60 140,PCDDΠFs, 2 3, 3 10, 2,3,7,82TBDF TBDFs,30 60 PBDDΠFs ( ) (1176pgΠm 3 1211 pgπm 3 ) 8 2,3,7,82PBDDΠFs 1Π10,, PBDDΠFs PBDEs [26 ] PCDDΠFs, WHO PCDDΠFs (tolerable daily intake,tdi,1 4 pg I2TEQ kg - 1 day - 1 ) 30 55 PBDDΠFs,, TDI 40 90 80 150,, (8 ), TDI, TDI 3 5 [33 36 ], PBDEs [37,38 ], ( thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH),,, PCDDΠFs PCBs PBDEs 2191 5016pg m - 3 ( 0120 3145pg I2TEQ m - 3 ), 4123 11135ng m - 3 ( 01050 01859pg TEQ m - 3 ) 92 3 086 pg m - 3, [39,40 ] Cd, Cu Hg, 410, 210 111 [41 ] 8712 % 9812 % PCB, 117 % 1116 %PCDDΠFs [42,43 ] [41 ] 2002 2003 [44 ], PCBs, PCBs 016 013 gπl, (0102 gπl) 30 ; 67415 2812 gπkg, 2 ; 4212 2918 gπkg, PEL PCBs 1109 gπkg, US STSDR,, 26 104 [36 ] : PCBs 34813 g kg - 1,, PCBs (1515 g kg - 1 ) 114, PCBs 1619pg g - 1, PCBs PCBs, PCBs 37718ng g - 1, PCBs 7710ng g - 1 34111ng g - 1 15 682. 4 ng g - 1 (OCPs)
2Π3 555 Chan [45 ], WHO ; PBBs, PBDEs PCBs [46 ], DNA [47 ], DNA [48 ],, BFRs, 5,,,, (1), [14 16,18,49,19,50,51 ],,,,,,, (2),,,, [20 ],,,,, A ( [52 ] ),,,,Voordeckers [53 ] TBBPA,120, TBBPA A Gerecke [54 ] TBBPAs HBCDs,TBBPAs HBCDs 0. 59 0. 66, ( )2 2HBCD ( )2 2HBCDT ( )2 2HBCD, deca2bde,700 [55 ], 1Π50, [56 ],HBCD 63 619,HBCD 11 32, 111 1. 5,,, BFRs POPs,, PBDEs HBCDs PBDEs, [57 60 ] (4), [61 ] PBDEs [62 ],TBBPA HBCD DecaBDE,BDE 209 [63 ],,, TBBPA HBCD DecaBDE PCB,, 6,, PCB PBB, (3)
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