21 10 2009 10 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 21 No. 10 Oct., 2009 3 3 3 ( 100084),, : X703 ; O648. 17 : A : 10052281X(2009) 1022250207 The Radiation2Induced Synthesis of Hydrogels and Their Application for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution Chen Yuwei Wang Jianlong 3 3 (Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China) Abstract Hydrogels are cross2linked functional polymers with three2dimensional networks. Preparation of hydrogels by radiation2induced polymerization has received increasing attention in recent years due to easy process control, no necessity to add any initiators, crosslinkers, etc. Traditional processes for the treatment of heavy metal2containing wastewater encounter some disadvantages such as higher operational cost or low removal efficiency. It is a new promising method for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using hydrogels. In this paper, recent advances in research on the radiation2induced synthesis of hydrogels and their application in the removal of heavy metals are reviewed including the preparation and modification of hydrogels and the performances of the adsorption of heavy metals. The perspects of this technology and the future directions are also proposed. Key words hydrogels ; cross2linked polymers ; radiation2induced polymerization ; heavy metal2containing wastewater ; adsorption Contents 1 Introduction 2 Radiation2induced synthesis of hydrogels 2. 1 Radiation2induced polymerization of solid polymers 2. 2 Radiation2induced polymerization of aqueous solutions of polymers 2. 3 Radiation treatment of monomers 2. 4 Preparation of copolymer hydrogels by radiation treatment 3 Radiation2induced synthesis of hydrogels and their application in removal of heavy metal ions : 2008 10, : 2008 12 3 (No. 50830302) 3 3 Corresponding author e2mail :wangjl @tsinghua. edu. cn
10 2251 3. 1 Hydrogels based on synthetic polymers for the adsorption of heavy metals 3. 2 Hydrogels based on natural polymers for the adsorption of heavy metals 3. 3 Hydrogels loaded metal ions for the adsorption of heavy metals 3. 4 Hydrogels loaded microorganisms for the adsorption of heavy metals 3. 5 Desorption and recovery of heavy metals 4 Conclusion 1 (hydrogels), [1 3 ] 20 % 100 %, 100 % [4 ] 2, ; N2 222,,,, ;,,, ph ;,, ph [5 ],,,, [6 ] [7 11 ],, : 60, 60 ;, ( ) [12 ] 2. 1,, ; ;,,,( ),, 2. 2,,,, ( PEO) ( PVA) 2. 3,,,
2252 21,, ( ),,,, [2 ] 1 [2 ] 1 Table 1 The main monomers used for free radical polymerization 2. 4,, ( ), ( ) 3,,,,, ( COOH) ( NH 2 ) ( OH) ( SO 3 ),,,,, 3. 1 Π, ( COOH),, 3. 1. 1 Π G ven [4 ] (AAm)ΠN2 222 (VP),, 60, ( IA) (MA), 0175kGyΠh, 2100 5170kGy,, ph ph,
10 2253 Abdel2Aal [13 ] 22 2 ( HEMA)Π (CAs) HEMAΠ ( TA) HEMAΠ (SA), (Fe ( ) Ni ( ) Co ( ) Cu ( ) ), ph, Π ( PVA), ph, Boduggz [14 ] 412kGyΠh (CA) (SA) PVA, ph, Ni ( ) Co ( ) PVA Co ( ) 82mgΠg, Ni ( ), CA SA PVAΠCA PVAΠSA Co ( ) 105mgΠg 77mgΠg, Ni ( ) 792mgΠg 410mgΠg,, Ni ( ) Co ( ) Ajji [15 ] PVAΠCA PVAΠSA Ni ( ) Co ( ) Cu ( ),, Ni ( ) Co ( ), Boduggz, Ni ( ) Co ( ),, Cu ( ), Ni ( ) Co ( ) ( mgπg ), Cu ( ) 1mgΠg,, PVA,( PVP) Ajji [16 ], PVPΠCA, CA, CA, CA, CA 31112 Π Π El2Hag Ali [17 ] PVPΠAAc, Fe ( ) Cu ( ) Mn ( ), PVP ph, ph Fe ( ) > Cu ( ) > Mn ( ), ph, Essawy [18 ] PVPΠ Cu ( ) Cd ( ) Ni ( ) Francis [19 ] ( PEI)Π (AAM), Pb ( ) Cd ( ), PEIΠAAM AAM, 50mgΠL Ajji [20 ] PVAΠN2 Π Cu ( ), Cu ( ) ph, (ph = 1), Cu ( ) ; ph g612, 970mgΠg 31113,,,, [21 23 ] Kasggz [24 ] Mannich, Mannich ( EDA) (DETA) (MSDS) Cu ( ) Pb ( ), ph,, Cu ( ) Pb ( ) Mannich Cu ( ), Pb ( ) 312,,,
2254 21 ( interpenetrating polymer networks, IPN IPNs) IPN [25 ] 31211,,,, 22 222 (AAmPSA), 417 ; Langmuir Chauhan [26 ] ( HPC)ΠAAmPSA, Fe ( ) Cu ( ) Cr ( ), AAmPSA,,,Fe ( ) > Cu ( ) > > Cr ( ) Chauhan [27 ] (( HPC) ), Fe ( ) Cu ( ) Cr ( ) 015M NaOH,,,, Fe ( ), Cu ( ), Cr ( ) 31212, [28 ], [29 ],, Π,, ph [30 ] Π, [31 ], Wasikiewicz [32 ] (2h) Wang [33 ] 60,Fe ( ), Fe ( ) ;ph = 1815mgΠg,, Gad [34 ] 22 222 (AMPS), Cd ( ) Cr ( ), ph AMPS AMPS AMPS 40 %,ph Cd ( ) (ph < 6) Cr ( ) (ph < 4), ph = 5, Cd ( ), 6811 mgπg, ph = 3, Cd ( ) 2215 mgπg 31213 Nizam El2Din [35 ] (PAA)Π (AG) Cu ( ) Co ( ) Ni ( ), 2 PAA AAcΠAG Cu ( ), AAcΠAG PAA Co ( ) Ni ( ), 313, 2 Abou Taleb [36 ] 2,, 2,
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