2005, 29 (4) 636 643 Ξ Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 1,2 2 1 3 1 1 1 (1, 271018) (2, 266100) ( Zay mays) 22 115,, 22, 115 ; (SS) (SPS), 10 30 d (ADPG2PPase) (UDPG2PPase) (SSS) ( GBSS), ;SPS ADPG- PPase SSS EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WATER TREATMENTS ON STARCH ACCUMULATION AND RELATED ENZYME ACTIVITY IN GRAIN OF MAIZE DURING GRAIN- FILLING PERIOD ZHANG Zhi-Meng 1,2 DAI Liang- Xiang 2 HU Chang- Hao 1 3 DONG Shu- Ting 1 WANG Kong-Jun 1 and NING Tang- Yuan 1 (1 College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong 271018, China) (2 Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China) Abstract Starch, one of the main products metabolized in the grain of maize, directly affects the yield and quality of maize. The synthesis of starch in maize grain is affected by the activities of several enzymes. We studied the effects of different water treatments on the grain starch content and components and related enzyme activity during the grain-filling period of two cultivars the common corn, Yedan22, and the high oil corn, Gaoyou115. Three water treatments were chosen : W0 (no water irrigation after anthesis), W1 (irrigation one time after anthesis), W2 (irrigation two times after anthesis). The results showed that the patterns of starch accumulation and related enzyme activity were the same in the two cultivars, but their response to water treat2 ments were different. Water duress significantly increased starch and amylopectin content and decreased amy2 lose content in Yedan22, but increased the starch, amylopectin and amylose content in Gaoyou115. When suf2 ficient levels of water were supplied, starch yield and its components significantly increased, as did the SS and SPS activities in ear leaves and ADPG- PPase, UDPG- PPase, SSS and GBSS activities in the grain, especially 10 to 30 days after anthesis. Increased enzyme activity in grain increased the amylopectin and amylose content in Gaoyou115. The activities of these enzymes in grain under water duress decreased early and quickly, and the activities of SPS, ADPG- PPase, and SSS were more sensitive to water duress than other enzymes. Key words Maize, Water treatment, Starch accumulation, Enzyme activity ( Zay mays),, Ξ : 2004209203 : 2005201221 : (30025) 3 Author for correspondence E-mail : zmengzhang @sohu. com
4 : 637 (Douglas et al., 1988), (SPS) ( SS) 10 d,, 4,,, - 40, ( Glover, 1994 ; Morell et al., 1995 ; Chris2 tine, 1998 ; Steven & Takashi, 1992) ; 70 %, 20 8 % 10 %,, DPS2000 (,1986, 1990 ; Glover, 1. 2 1994 ;,1997 ; Douglas et al., 1988 ;Johningle & Hageman, 1997 ;,2002 ; Wardlaw,1971), Doehlert (1991) 1. 2. 2, (,1986), 1. 2. 3 (SPS), Dougls (1988) Ou-Lee Set2, ter (1985), 1. 0 g 10 ml HEPES-NaOH (50 mmol L - 1,, ph 7. 5),,1 000 g 10 min,, SPS 1 1. 1 UDPG 20 l 100 mmol L - 1 6-, 30 2000 2002 min, 200 l 1 mol L - 1 NaOH, 1. 5, : ml 0. 5 ml 1 %, 22 115 1. 2. 4 (SS) 8. 70 g kg - 1 SPS, SS 83. 29 mg kg - 1 59. 56 mg kg - 1, (1989) 73. 55 mg kg - 1 12 m 2, 5 SPS 20 l 100 mmol L - 1 20, 60 cm, 24 cm, 67 500 l 100 mmol L - 1 6-, SPS hm - 2, 3, 3 1. 2. 5 ( ADPG- PPase UDPG- 1, PPase) ( SSS) 16 % ( GBSS), 3, (W0) :1. 0 g 8 ml HEPES2NaOH 1 (,W1) 3 ( (50 mmol L - 1,pH7. 5),, 30 l,w2),, 1. 8 ml,, 1 200 m 3 hm - 2, 900 GBSS, 10 000 g m 3 hm - 2, 2 min, ADPG- PPase UDPG2PPase :, SSS 1/ 2, 1/ 2 1, 1. 2. 5. 1 ADPG- PPase UDPG- PPase N 450 kg hm - 2,P 2 O 5 75 kg hm - 2, K 2 O 150 (1985) Douglus (1988) kg hm - 2, 1. 2. 1 (1985) Wardlaw (1971),50 l 50 l HEPES2NaOH 20 l 50 mmol L - 1 MgCl 2 20 l 100 mmol L - 1,100 l 5 mmol L - 1 ADPG( UDPG) + 50 l
638 29 50 mmol L - 1 MgCl 2 + 100 l HEPES-NaOH (50, mmol L - 1,pH 7. 5) + 50 l (UDPG- PPase 115, 30 20 l),30 10 min, PPi 100 l (20 mmol d 40 d,w2, 22 L - 1 ),15 min, 1 min, 20 d W2 ; 30 d 30 100 l NADP (6 mmol L - 1 ) 50 l PGM 22 W0,W1,W2 (1. 5IU ml - 1 ) 50 l G6PDH(5IU ml - 1 ) 0. 3 ml ; 115, W2,W1, ( 1. 5 ml),30 5 10 min,340 W0 nm, 22, 1. 2. 5. 2 SSS GBSS 115, (1994) 0. 35 ml 22 (50 mmol L - 1 ph 7. 5 HEPES-NaOH + 1. 6 mmol L - 1 ADPG + 15 mmol L - 1 DTT + 2. 2 1 mg),30 5 min, 50 l,20 min, 0. 35 ml ADP-ATP 2. 2. 1 ( 50 mmol L - 1,pH 7. 5 HEPE-NaOH 2,,,40 mmol L - 1 PEP,200 mmol L - 1 KCl ;100 mmol, 22 L - 1 MgCl 2 2IU (PK) ),30 30, ; min, -, ATP 115, 20 d, 22 30 d 2,W2 > W1 > W0, 30 d,w1 2. 1 ; 115,W0 > W1 > 1,, W2, 22 10 d 14. 69 % 50 d 68. 41 % ; 115 115, 7. 02 % 50. 16 % 22, 22 1 (A B) Fig. 1 Effect of different water treatments on starch content (A, B) in grains of two types of maize A : 22 Yedan22 B : 115 Gaoyou115 : No water irrigated after anthesis (W0) : 1 Irrigated one time after anthesis (W1) : 3 Irrigated three times after anthesis (W2)
4 : 639 2 (A B) (C D) Fig. 2 Effect of different water treatments on amylose (A,B) and amylopectin (C, D) content in grains of two types of maize A C: 22 Yedan22 B D : 115 Gaoyou115 : 1 See Fig. 1 2. 2. 2 2, 2. 3. 2 SPS,,, SPS,, 22 10 d,, 20 d, 22 40 d,w2, 115 W1 W0, 50 d,w0 > W2 > W1, ; 115 SPS, 115 SPS 30 d W1 > W0 > W2, ( 3) W0 > W1 > W2, 115 SPS,, 22,,, 22 W2 W1 W0 115 2. 3 SPS, SPS, 2. 3. 1 SS SPS, 3,, SPS 22 SS, 20 d 115 22, ; 115 2. 3. 3 ADPG- PPase,, 22 SS 115 20 d, 22, 4, ADPG- PPase SS, W2 > W1 > W0, 40 d,, 115 W0, 22 30 d 115 ADPG-
640 29 3 SS(A B) SPS(C D) Fig. 3 Effect of different water treatments on SS (A, B) and SPS(C,D) activity in ear leaves of two types of maize A B C D : 2 See Fig. 2 : 1 See Fig. 1 4 ADPG- PPase (A B) UDPG- PPase (C D) Fig. 4 Effect of different water treatments on ADPG- PPase (A,B) and UDPG- PPase (C,D) activity in grains of two types of maize A B C D : 2 See Fig. 2 : 1 See Fig. 1 PPase, ; ADPG- PPase, 22,, ADPG- PPase, ADPG- PPase 115, ADPG- PPase,,
4 : 641 2. 3. 4 UDPG- PPase 5, SSS 4, UDPG- PPase 22 SSS,, ; 115 22 W2 W1 40 d,w0 SSS 30 d ; 115 W1 22 40 d UDPG- PPase 2. 3. 6 GBSS, 22 UDPG- PPase PPase,W0,, 115 W2 UDPG- UDPG-, 5, PPase, GBSS SSS,, 20 d 22 UDPG- PPase, 20 d 30 d,w0 20 d,w2, 2. 3. 5 SSS 115 SSS, ADPG GBSS,, ADPG, 22 GBSS, SSS 115 ( GBSS) SSS, ADPG, GBSS 115, 22 5 SSS(A B) GBSS(C D) Fig. 5 Effect of different water treatments on SSS (A,B) and GBSS (C,D) activity in grains of two types of maize A B C D : 2 See Fig. 2 : 1 See Fig. 1 3, (Johningle, 70 % & Hageman,1997 ;Douglas et al.,1991), 22
642 29, 115 1,, 3 ; 22,, SS SPS SSS GBSS, 22 maize. Plant Physiology, 86, 1013-1019., ADPG- Gao QY( ), Glover DV (1994). The relationship of DNA content on cornendo spermnucleito kernel traits during kernel de2 PPase UDPG- PPase 40 d, 115, ADPG- PPase UDPG-, PPase, 115 22 115,, SS SPS SSS GBSS, ADPG- PPase, SS SPS, UDPG- PPase, : W2 > W1 > W0, 115 10 30 d, 22, Christine H (1998). Drought-induced effects on nitrate activity and SS SPS, mrna and on the coordination of nitrogen and carbon metabolism ;,SS 20 30 d,sps 20 d Denyer K, Hylton CM, Jenner CF ( 1993). Soluble isoforms of, SS SPS starch synthase and starch branching enzyme also occur within, starch- granule in developing pea embryos. Plant Journal, 4,, 199-204. Doehlert DC, Kuo TM, Feiker FC (1991) Metabolic characteristics SS SPS, SPS associated with starch, protein, and oil deposition in developing, SPS SS, SPS SS,, Douglas CD, Tsung MK, Frederick CF (1988). Enzymes of sucrose and hexose metabolism in developing kernels of two inbreds of 20 30 d ADPG- PPase UDPG- PPase (in Chinese with English abstract), Gao RQ( ), Dong ST( ), Hu CH( ) (1997)., Ultra structure changes durings cutellar development in maize, SSS GBSS ( Zea mays L. ). Acta Agronomica Sinica ( ), 23, 232 20 d, - 236. (in Chinese with English abstract) He ZF( ) (1986). Quality Analysis for Grain and Oil (,SSS GBSS ) 1st edn. Science Press, Beijing, 76-115. (in Chi2 ADPG 2-1 4- nese), SS SPS Johningle BD, Hageman RH(1997). Changes in composition during ADPG- Ppase UDPG- Ppase (Morell et al., 1995 ; Christine, 1998 ;Douglas et al., 1991 ;Denyer et al., 1993 ;Steven & Takashi, 1992),, in maize leaves. Plant Physiology, 117, 283-292. maize kernels. Crop Science, 31, 151-157. velopment. Acta Agronomica Sinica ( ), 20, 46-51. development and maturation of maize seeds. Plant Physiology, 116, 835-839. Liang JS( ), Cao XZ( ), Xu S( ), Zhu QS( (1997) ), Song P( ) (1994). Studies on the relationship be2, tween the grain sink strength and it s starch accumulation in rice, ( O. sativa). Acta Agronomica Sinica ( ), 20, 685-691. (in Chinese with English abstract), ADPG- PPase UDPG- PPase SSS Liu KC( ), Hu CH( ), Dong ST( ), Wang GBSS,ADPG- PPas SSS KJ ( ), Wang QC( ),Li AQ ( ) (2002).
4 : 643 Accumulation of main quality components in kernels of high oil and high starch maize and their physiological and biochemical characteristics. Acta Agronomica Sinica ( ), 28, 492-498. (in Chinese with English abstract) Morell MK, Rahman S, Abrahams SL ( 1995). The biochemistry and molecular biology of starch synthesis in cereal. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 22, 647-660. Ou-Lee TM, Setter TL (1985). Effect of incriesed temperature in apical regions of maize ears on starch- synthesis enzymes and ac2 cumulation of sugars and starch. Plant Physiology, 79, 852-855. Shanghai Society for Plant Physiology ( ) Wardlaw IF ( 1971). The early stages of grain development in (1985). Experimental Manual on Plant Physiology ( wheat : response to water stress in a single variety. Austrian Jour2 ). Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shang2 hai, 115, 150. (in Chinese) Steven C, Takashi AH(1992). Role of sucrose-phosphate synthase in sucrose metabolism in leaves. Plant Physiology, 99, 1275-1278. Su LY( ), Wu Y( ), Yu XJ ( ), Xia SF( ) (1989). Some properties of rice leaf sucrose phosphate syn2 thetase. Acta Physiology Sinica ( ), 15, 117-123. (in Chinese with English abstract) Wang ZX( ), Gao XZ( ), Xu JF( ) (1986). A study on the grain abortion of maize ( Zea mays). Scientia A2 gricultura Sinica ( ), (6), 36 40. (in Chinese with English abstract) Wang ZX ( ), Du CG( ), Wang QC ( ) (1990). Changes in main components of different types of maize hybrids during grain-filling stage. Plant Physiolgy Communica2 tions ( ), 26, 30-33. (in Chinese) nal of Biological Science, 24, 1047-1055. Yang JC( ), Zhu QS( ), Wang ZQ( ), Cao XZ( ) (1997). Plyamines in rice grains and their rela2 tions with grain plumpness and grain weight. Acta Agronomica Sinica ( ), 23, 385-392. (in Chinese with English abstract) : :