26 10 2006 10 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Vol. 26,No. 10 Oct.,2006 ( Gracilaria lemaneiformis) 1, 2 1,, 3 1, 3, 1 1 4, (1., 266071 ;2., 266071 ; 3., 028042 ;4., 266003) : ( Gracilaria lemaneiformis),,,15 25, 20 (SGR), 218 %Πd ;,30 120 molπ(m 2 s), ( P max ) 510 mg O 2 Π(g dw h), NH 4 2N PO 4 2P 8317 % 7014 %, 919 molπ(g ww h) 413 molπ (g ww h), : ; ; ; ; ; ; :100020933(2006) 1023225207 :Q143,Q178. 1,Q948. 8,Q958 :A Studies on growth and photosynthesis characteristics of Gracilaria lema neiformis and its capacity to uptake ammonium and phosphorus from scallop excretion MAO Yu2Ze 1,2, YANG Hong2Sheng 1, 3, ZHOU Yi 1, HU Zong2Fu 3, YUAN Xiu2Tang 1, YOU Kui 1, WANG Ru2Cai 4 (11 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China ;21 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qingdao 266071, China ;31 Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028042, China ;41 Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China). Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26( 10) :3225 3231. Abstract : Growth and photosynthesis characteristics of high temperature tolerant macroalga, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, were studied at different temperature and light irradiance. Nutrient uptake rate and nutrient reduction efficiency of ammonium and phosphorus from scallop excretion were determined. Temperature significantly affected the growth and photosynthesis of this species. The algae could grow well when the temperature ranged 15 and 25, and reached the fastest growth rate ( SGR) of 218 % per day at 20. The photosynthetic rate increased with the increasing temperature and light irradiance, reaching the maximum with 510 mg O 2 Π(g dw h) at 30 and 120 molπ(m 2 s). G. lemaneiformis can absorb efficiently the ammonium and phosphorus from scallop : ( G1999012012) ; (Q2002D03) ; (30271021) ; (2004BA526B0401) ; ; :2005212221 ; :2006209221 : (1970 ),,,,. E2mail :maoyuze @263. net 3 Corresponding author. E-mail :hshyang @ms. qdio. ac. cn : 1998 1998 ; Muki Shpigel,! Foundation item :The project was supported by National Key Foundational Research Project (No. G1999012012), Shandong Natural Science Foundation (No. Q2002D03),National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271021), National Key Project (2004BA526B0401), and financial support from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Received date :2005212221 ; Accepted date :2006209221 Biography :MAO Y 2Ze, Ph. D., mainly engaged in ecology and physiology of fish and shellfish. E2mail : maoyuze @263. net
3 226 26 excretion. The nutrient uptake rate and nutrient reduction efficiency of ammonium and phosphorus changed with cultivation density and period. The maximum reduction efficiency of ammonium and phosphorus were 8317 and 7014 percent, respectively. The maximum uptake rate of ammonium and phosphorus were 919 molπ(g ww h) and 413 molπ(g ww h). Results indicated that this seaweed can be cultivated in north China and is a suitable candidate for integrated mariculture of seaweed and bivalve. The integration can benefit economy and environment in a sustainable manner in warm seasons in coastal waters of north China. Key words : Gracilaria lemaneiformis ; growth ; photosynthesis ; ammonium; phosphorus ; nutrient uptake rate ; nutrient reduction efficiency ; scallop ( ),, [1 4 ],,,,, [5,6 ] Gracilaria lemaneiformis,,, [7 ], 2002 4 [5 ],, 1 1. 1,,,, (20 1), 80 molπ(m 2 s), 32, 13L 11D, 1 1. 2 3 4cm, ( 10min) (1 01005) g 500ml, 400ml fπ2 (, 20 mol NH 4 NO 3,215 mol KH 2 PO 4,015 mol NaHCO 3 ) 10 15 17 20 25 30 6,, 3, GXZ2300C, 14d, 3d 1, 3 ( 7d) ( 14d), SGR = [ ( W t ΠW 0 ) 1Πt - 1 ] 100 (SGR),, W t, W 0, t 1. 3 20,40,60,80,100 molπ(m 2 s) 120 molπ(m 2 s) 6, 3, 14d, Li2250 Π Π 3,,
10 : ( Gracilaria lemaneiformis) 3227 1. 4 5, 10 15 20 25 30 3 40 80 molπ(m 2 s) 120 molπ(m 2 s), 3 (,3 ) 500 ml (1 01005) g, 1ml NaHCO 3, 3 h, (DO), DO : = (O 2 - O 2 ) V 0 ΠW 0 Πt,, P O2 [mgπ(gdw h) ],O 2 O 2 (mgπl),o 2 O 2 (mgπl),v 0 (l), W 0 (g), t (h) (3 ), 202 65 24h, 1. 5 2002 10 1 10 21, 15 3m 3 ( 118m, 218m 3 ) ( Chlamys farreri), ;,, 1, 1, 1 5, 3 ( (5710 419) mm, n = 200) 50, (1196 42) g( n = 15),, 5, 3 ( 1) 4,24h ;, ; 5 g, 3, 1 NH 4 2N PO 4 2P, 20 13, (1615 317) ph 718 812, 3118 3212,, 70 201 molπ(m 2 s) Group Control 1 (,gπm 3 ) Table 1 Polyculture density of C. farreri and G. lemaneiformis in different treatment (ww, gπm 3 ) 1 Treatment 1 2 Treatment 2 3 Treatment 3 4 Treatment 4 P O2 A 40615 010 42816 6713 44116 14414 42912 27211 44316 35214 B 41119 010 44415 6619 41715 13714 43219 25514 43713 33817 C 40514 010 45314 7319 41717 13516 42311 26219 41318 35117 Mean 40719 010 44212 6913 42516 13911 42814 26315 43116 34716 Ratio 6138 1 3106 1 1163 1 1124 1 SGR, NUR = ( C t - M t ) VΠWWΠt (Nutrient uptake rate,nur), NRE( %) = ( C t - M t )ΠC t 100 (Nutrient reduction efficiency,nre), W 0 W t (ww,g) ; C t M t ( molπl) ; t (d) NH 4 2N PO 4 2P ( F 01036 11293), 1. 6 SPSS (ANOVA), S2N2K, p < 0105 2 2. 1
3 228 26 1 (14d),SGR,20, 2179 %Πd,10 30, 1104 %Πd 1114 %Πd (ANOVA), SGR ( F = 161653, p < 01001) S2N2 K,6,10 30, 4,, 1 2, 1,SGR 17, 2195 %Πd, 2 25, 3196 %Πd, 15 25 lemaneiformis,, 30, SGR,, 2. 2 2, 7d 14d, SGR 7d SGR 14d, 3129 1167 %Πd 10d,,, 1 Fig. 1 The effect of temperature on the special growth rate of 2,, Fig. 2 The effect of light irradiance on the Special Growth Rate of G1 lemaneiformis ANOVA, 7d 14d ( F 11611 01598), 100 molπ(m 2 s) 3164 %Πd 1184 %Πd 2. 3 3 30 120 molπ(m 2 s), 510mg O 2 Π(gdw h) ; 10 40 molπ(m 2 s), 113 mg O 2 Π(gdw h),,, ( F 331487 251301, p < 01001), ( F = 21085, p = 01063 > 0105) 2. 4 2. 4. 1 NH 4 2N PO 4 2P 2, 3,, ( 3 Fig. 3 The effect of temperature and light on photosynthetic rate of ) NH 4 2N ; 1 G1 lemaneiformis,,, 1,2,3 40,80 molπ(m 2 s) 120 molπ(m 2 s) 1 : 40 molπ(m 2 s) ; 2 : 80 molπ(m 2 s) ; 3 : 120 molπ(m 2 s) G1
10 : ( Gracilaria lemaneiformis) 3229 515 615 molπl, (Ammonia Reduction Efficiency), 1 4810 %,7619 %,8117 % 8317 % 3 2216 %,5511 %,52 %, 4616 % ANOVA 3, NH 4 2N ( F = 551542, p < 01001),S2N2K 3, 2 3 4, 1 (, ) Item NH 4 2N ( molπl) 2 ( Mean SD) Table 2 The variance of NH 4 2N and PO 4 2P concentration in different treatments ( ) Time (week) Control 1 Treatment 1 2 Treatment 2 3 Treatment 3 4 Treatment 4 2192 0142 3100 0108 2194 0121 2199 0132 2197 0105 Ammonium concentration 1 9126 0138 4182 0109 2114 0105 1169 0106 1151 0103 PO 4 2P ( molπl) 2 11157 0147 8143 0115 4128 0110 3139 0112 3102 0106 3 12113 0123 9139 0129 5145 0159 5182 0144 6148 0189 0169 0106 0162 0103 0159 0104 0162 0107 0164 0102 Phosphorus concentration 1 0184 0105 0162 0103 0148 0105 0147 0103 0143 0101 2 1189 0112 1125 0106 0191 0109 0193 0105 0177 0102 3 5187 1101 3154 0163 2103 0124 1175 0122 2179 0139 PO 4 2P NH 4 2N, PO 4 2P, 1,4,2 3, PO 4 2P 1 2519 %,4218 %,4317 % 4912 % 3 4010 %,6515 %,7014 % 5814 %, ANOVA PO 4 2P ( F = 161275, p < 01001) 2. 4. 2 4,, NH 4 2N NH 4 2N, 919,916,612 molπ(g ww d) 514 molπ(g ww d), 3 5 4 (NH 4 2N),, PO 4 2P,, PO 4 2P, 3 3 311, Fig. 4 The uptake rates of ammonium from scallop of G1 lemaneiformis,,, [7 ] 2002 5 (PO 4 2P) Fig. 5 The uptake rates of phosphorus from scallop of G1 lemaneiformis, ( SGR) 319 %Πd, [5 ] 90, (419 %Πd)
3 230 26, 15 25 ( 11 22 [8 ] ),, 1 SGR 17, 219 %Πd, 2 SGR 25, 410 %Πd, (116d, SGR 319 %Πd), SGR,,, 30 120 molπ(m 2 s), 510 mgo 2 Π(gdw h) ( P max 1414 mgo 2 Π(gdw h), 713 mgo 2 Π(gdw h) ),, G. tenuistipitata [9 ] G. verrucosa, G. verrucosa 210mgO 2 Π(gdw h) [10 ], ( 26,5 8 22 [11 ] ), ( ), [12 ],, 312,,, [13 17 ],, NH 4 2N 4616 % 8317 %, [15 ] NH 4 2N 514 919 molπ(g ww d), NH 4 2N (0134 1613 molπ(g ww d) ) [16 ], NH 4 2N, (Nutrient uptake rate) (Nutrient reduction efficiency), ( ) [18 ],,, [19,, ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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