Vocabulary to be learnt: through Section 7

nouns: first declension Vocabulary to be learnt: through Section 7 ἀγορά, ἡ Ἀθῆναι, αἱ αἰτία, ἡ ἀλήθειᾰ, ἡ ἀνάγκη, ἡ marketplace, agora Athens reason, cause, responsibility truth necessity ἀνάγκη ἐστί it is obligatory (for X, acc. or dat.) to (inf.) ἀνομία, ἡ ἀπορία, ἡ ἀρετή, ἡ ἀσέβειᾰ, ἡ βοή, ἡ γῆ, ἡ γνώμη, ἡ δεσπότης, ὁ διάνοιᾰ, ἡ δικαστής, ὁ δίκη, ἡ δόξᾰ, ἡ lawlessness perplexity; lack of resources virtue, excellence irreverence to the gods shout land mind, purpose, judgment, plan master intention, plans juror, dikast lawsuit; penalty; justice reputation, opinion εἰρήνη, ἡ εἰρήνην ἄγω ἐκκλησία, ἡ ἐλευθερία, ἡ εὐχή, ἡ ἡδή, ἡ ἡσυχία, ἡ θάλαττᾰ, ἡ θεά, ἡ θυσία, ἡ κεφαλή, ἡ κυβερνήτης, ὁ μαθητής, ὁ μάχη, ἡ ναυμαχία, ἡ ναύτης, ὁ νεανίας, ὁ νίκη, ἡ οἰκία, ἡ ὁμόνοιᾰ, ἡ ποιητής, ὁ peace live in/be at peace assembly, ekklesia freedom prayer pleasure quiet, peace sea goddess sacrifice head captain, helmsman student fight, battle naval battle sailor young man victory, conquest house agreement, harmony poet 1

πολίτης, ὁ σοφία, ἡ σοφιστής, ὁ στρατιά, ἡ σωτηρία, ἡ τέχνη, ἡ τόλμᾰ, ἡ φιλοσοφία, ἡ φωνή, ἡ citizen wisdom sophist, thinker army safety skill, art, expertise daring philosophy voice, language, speech nouns: second declension Ἄθηναῖος, ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὁ βάρβαρος, ὁ βίος, ὁ γάμος, ὁ δῆμος, ὁ διδάσκαλος, ὁ δικαστήρι, τό δοῦλος, ὁ ἔργ, τό ἥλιος, ὁ Athenian human being; fellow barbarian, non- Greek life, means of living, livelihood marriage people; deme teacher law-court slave task, job sun θεός, ὁ, ἡ ἱερόν, τό ἵππος, ὁ κίνδυνος, ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιος, ὁ λόγος, ὁ νεανίσκος, ὁ νεκρός, ὁ νῆσος, ἡ νόμος, ὁ νόσος, ἡ νοῦς (νόος contr.) ἐν νῷ ἔχω ξένος/ξεῖνος, ὁ ὅπλα, τά οὐρανός, ὁ πλοῖ, τό πόλεμος, ὁ ποταμός, ὁ ῥαψῳδός, ὁ god(-dess) sanctuary horse danger Spartan word, speech; story, tale; argument; reason young man corpse island law, convention plague, disease mind, sense intend, have in mind guest-friend, guest, host; stranger, foreigner weapons, arms sky, heavens ship war river rhapsode 2

στρατηγός, ὁ υἱός, ὁ φίλος, ὁ φιλόσοφος, ὁ φόβος, ὁ χρόνος, ὁ χωρί, τό general son friend; kinsman philosopher fear time place, space, region nouns: third declension ἀνήρ (ἀνδρ-), ὁ ἄστυ, τό βασιλεύς, ὁ γείτων (γειτ-), ὁ γέρων (γερτ-), ὁ γυνή (γυναικ-), ἡ δαίμων (δαιμ-), ὁ Ἕλλην (Ἑλλην-), ὁ Ζεύς ( ι-), ὁ Ἡρακλῆς, ὁ ἡγεμών (ἡγεμ-), ὁ man, husband city (of Athens) king neighbor old man woman, wife god, daimon Greek Zeus Heracles leader κῆρυξ (κηρυκ-), ὁ κτῆμα (κτηματ-), τό λαμπάς (λαμπαδ-), ἡ λιμήν (λιμεν-), ὁ ναῦς, ἡ νύξ (νυκτ-), ἡ πάθος, τό παῖς (παιδ-), ὁ πατήρ (πατ[ε]ρ-), ὁ πατρίς (πατριδ-), ἡ πλῆθος, τό πόλις, ἡ Ποσειδῶν (Ποσειδων-), ὁ πρᾶγμα (πραγματ-), τό ῥήτωρ (ῥητορ-), ὁ herald possession torch harbor ship night experience, suffering slave, child father fatherland quantity, multitude, great number; crowd, mass, the people city(-state) Poseidon (voc. Πόσειδ, acc. Ποσειδῶ) thing; matter; affair; (pl.) troubles orator, politician 3

Σωκράτης, ὁ σωτήρ (σωτηρ-), ὁ τάξις, ἡ ὕβρις, ἡ χείρ (χειρ-), ἡ χρήματα, τά Socrates savior battle-array, order, rank aggression, violence hand money adjectives: first/second declension ἀγαθός ή όν ἄδικος ἀδύνατος αἴτιος α (+ gen.) ἄλλος η ο ἀνδρεῖος α good, noble, courageous unjust impossible responsible (for), guilty (of) other, the rest of brave ἄξιος α worth, worthy of (+ gen.) ἄριστος η βέβαιος α best; very good secure δεινός ή όν δεξιός ά όν δεξιά, ἡ δῆλος η δίκαιος α δύο ἐλεύθερος η ἐμός ή όν ἔμπειρος ἕτερος α ἡμέτερος α θνητός ή όν κακός ή όν κάλλιστος η καλός ή όν μόνος η μῶρος α ναυτικός ή όν terrible; clever right(-hand); clever right hand clear; obvious just two free my, mine skilled, experienced one (or the other) of two our mortal bad, evil, cowardly, lowly, mean most/very fine/beautiful/good fine, beautiful; good alone stupid; foolish naval 4

νέος α ὀλίγος η ὅλος η ὁπόσος η ὀρθός ή όν ὅσος η πολέμιος α πολέμιοι, οἱ πότερος α ; πρῶτος η ῥᾴδιος α σός ή όν σοφός ή όν ὑμέτερος α χαλεπός ή όν χρήσιμος η χρηστός ή όν young small, few whole of how many straight, correct, right how great! hostile, enemy the enemy which (of two)? first easy your (s.) wise, clever your (pl.) difficult, hard, harsh useful, profitable useful; (of people) good adjectives: third declension (first declension in fem. forms, in the case of 3-ending adjectives) ἀληθής ές ἀμαθής ές βαθύς εῖα ύ βαρύς εῖα ύ βελτίων βέλτι (βελτι-) δυστυχής ές εὐδαίμων εὔδαιμ (εὐδαιμ-) ἡδύς εῖα ύ ἥττων ἧττ (ἡττ-) κακοδαίμων κακόδαιμ (κακοδαιμ-) κρείττων κρεῖττ (κρειττ-) χείρων χεῖρ (χειρ-) true (in nt. pl., the truth ) ignorant deep heavy better (sup. βέλτιστος η, best ) unlucky happy, rich, blessed by the gods (comp. εὐδαιμέστερος α, sup. εὐδαιμέστατος α ) sweet, pleasant lesser, weaker unlucky, dogged by an evil daimon stronger, greater worse 5

adjectives: mixed second/third declensions (first decl. in fem. forms) μέγας μεγάλη μέγα (μεγαλ-) πολύς πολλή πολύ (πολλ-) great, big (comp. μείζων μεῖζ [μειζ-], sup. μέγιστος η ) much, many adverbs in ως regularly formed from adjectives ἀκριβῶς βραδέως ἡδέως ἴσως οὕτω(ς) ῥᾳδίως σαφῶς ταχέως ψευδῶς accurately; closely slowly with pleasure, sweetly perhaps thus, so, in this way easily clearly quickly falsely pronouns and pronoun/adjectives αὐτός ή ό ἑαυτόν ἐγώ ἔγωγε ἐμαυτόν ἐκεῖνος η ο ἡμεῖς ὁ μέν ὁ δέ οὐδείς ουδεμία οὐδέν (οὐδεν-) οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο οὗτος ἐν τούτῳ σύ σεαυτόν τίς; τί; (τιν-) τις, τι (τιν-) ὑμεῖς (pron. in gen., dat., acc.) him, her, it, them; (intensive in nom. or in pred. position) -self (myself, themselves, herself, etc.); (in attrib. position) the same himself Ι I; I at least/for my part myself that, (s)he, it we one another no; no one, nothing this, (s)he, it hey there! hey you! meanwhile you (s.) yourself (s.) who? what? which (one[s])? a, a certain; someone, something you (pl.) ἀλλήλους each other, one another thematic (-ω) verbs (if we know the simple verb and several compounds, they are listed together) 6

ἄγω (ἀγαγ-) ἄγε ἀπάγω (ἀπαγαγ-) ἀδικέω ἀκούω ἀποθνῄσκω (ἀποθαν-) ἀποκτείνω (ἀποκτειν-) ἀποκρίνομαι (ἀποκριν-) ἀπορέω ἅπτω ἀτιμάζω ἀφικνέομαι (ἀφικ-) βαίνω (βα-) ἀναβαίνω (ἀναβα-) ἀποβαίνω (ἀποβα-) διαβαίνω (διαβα-) ἐμβαίνω (ἐμβα-) lead, bring come! (s.) lead/take away do wrong, wrong, be unjust (to) hear, listen (+ gen. of person, + acc. of thing) die kill answer be at a loss; have no resources fasten, fix; light dishonor, hold in dishonor arrive, come go/come, walk go/come up leave, depart cross embark καταβαίνω (καταβα-) βιάζομαι go/come down use force; force βοηθέω run to help, help (+ dat.) βούλομαι γελάω (γελασ-) γίγνομαι (γεν-) γιγνώσκω (γνο-) wish, want laugh become; be; be born; happen; arise know; perceive; resolve δεῖ it is necessary (for X, acc.) to (inf.) δέχομαι δηλόω διαφθείρω (διαφθειρ-) διδάσκω διώκω δοκέω ἐκβάλλω (βαλ-) ἐλευθερόω ἐξευρίσκω (ἐξευρ-) ἐπαινέω (ἐπαινεσ-) receive show, reveal destroy, kill; corrupt teach pursue seem; think; consider oneself to throw out free, set free find out praise 7

ἕπομαι (ἑσπ-) ἔρχομαι (ἐλθ-) ἐλθέ ἀπέρχομαι (ἀπελθ-) διέρχομαι (διελθ-) εἰσέρχομαι (εἰσελθ-) ἐπέρχομαι (ἐπελθ-) ἐπανέρχομαι (ἐπανελθ-) προσέρχομαι (προσελθ-) ἐρωτάω (ἐρ-) εὑρίσκω (εὑρ-) εὔχομαι ἐχω (σχ-) ζητέω ἡγέομαι ἥδομαι θαυμάζω θεάομαι follow go, come come! (s.) depart, go away go through, relate enter go against, attack (+ dat.) return advance, go/come towards ask find, come up with, devise, discover pray have; hold look for, seek lead (+ dat.); consider, think, regard enjoy, be pleased wonder at, be amazed at watch, gaze at θύω καθεύδω καλέω κελεύω κλέπτω κρατέω κωλύω λαμβάνω (λαβ-) λανθάνω (λαθ-) λέγω (εἰπ-) εἰπέ διαλέγομαι λογίζομαι λύω μανθάνω (μαθ-) μάχομαι (μαχεσ-) μένω (μειν-) μισέω νικάω νομίζω sacrifice sleep call, summon order steal hold sway/power (over, + gen.) prevent, stop take, capture; mid., take hold of (+ gen.) escape notice of X (acc.) in ing (part.) say; speak; tell; mean speak! tell me! converse reckon, calculate, consider release learn, understand fight (+ dat.) remain; wait for hate win, defeat consider, think, acknowledge 8

οἰκέω dwell (in), live πορεύομαι march, journey, go οἴομαι (contr. οἶμαι, contr. imf. ᾤμην) think ῥίπτω σιωπάω σκοπέω throw be silent look (at), consider ὁμολογέω agree σπεύδω hurry ὁράω (ἰδ-) see σῴζω save ἰδού παίζω (πρός + acc.) πάσχω (παθ-) παύω παύομαι look! here! hey! play; joke (at) suffer, experience, undergo stop (trans.) stop (intrans.) τιμάω τολμάω τρέπομαι (τραπ-) τρέχω (δραμ-) honor dare, be daring, undertake turn, turn in flight run πείθω (πιθ-) πειράομαι (πειρασ-) πέμπω πίπτω (πεσ-) ἐμπίπτω (ἐμπεσ-) πλέω (πλευσ-) ποιέω κακά/ κακῶς ποιέω persuade; mid., obey (+ dat.), believe, trust in (+ dat.) try, test send fall, die fall into, on (+ ἐν or εἰς) sail make, do; mid., make treat badly; do harm to (+ acc.) προστρέχω (προσδραμ-) τυγχάνω (τυχ-) φαίνομαι (φαν-) ἀποφαίνω φέρω (ἐνεγκ-) φεύγω (φυγ-) ἀποφεύγω (ἀποφυγ-) φθάνω run towards happen to be ing, be actually ing (+ nom. part.) appear, seem; clearly/manifestly/o bviously be (+ part.) reveal, show carry, bear run off; flee escape, run off anticipate X (acc.) in ing (nom. part.) 9

φιλέω φοβέομαι φρτίζω φυλάττω φωνέω χαῖρε χωρέω ἀποχωρέω love, kiss fear, be afraid (of) think; worry guard speak, utter greetings! hello! (s.) go, come go away, depart athematic (-μι) verbs and οἶδα ἀνίσταμαι (ἀναστα-) [ἀπόλλυμι] fut. ἀπολέω δύναμαι εἰμί ἔνειμι πάρειμι εἶμι (inf. ἰέναι, imf. ᾖα) [ἠμί] ἦν δ ἐγώ ἦ δ ὅς οἶδα (pf. with pres. meaning) get up, emigrate [kill, destroy, lose] I shall kill, destroy, lose be able be be in be present, be at hand shall go [say] I said he said know εἰδώς (εἰδότ-) υῖα ός τίθημι (θε-) φημί (ἔφην, imf. with aor. meaning) knowing (ppl. of οἶδα) put, place say adverbs, conjunctions, particles, etc. ἀεί ἀλλά ἅμα ἄρα ἆρα? αὖθις γάρ γε δέ δεῦρο δή διότι ἐγγύς εἰ εἶτα ἐκεῖσε always but at the same time then, in that case (inferring, aha!) again for at least, at any rate and here, over here then, indeed because nearby; (+ gen.) near if then, next (to) there 10

ἐναντί ἔνδ ἐπεί ἐπειδή ἔπειτα ἔτι ἔτι καὶ νῦν εὖ εὐθύς ἤ ἤδη καί καὶ δὴ καί καίπερ μάλιστα μέν δέ μέντοι μή ναί νῦν οἴκαδε opposite, in front (of, + gen.) inside since when, since, because then, next still, yet even now, still now well at once, straightaway or; than by now, now already and; also and moreover although (+ part.) especially; particularly; yes on the one hand on the other however, but not; don t (with imv.) yes now homewards οἴκοι οἴμοι ὅπου ὅτε ὅτι οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ οὐδέ οὐδέποτε οὐδέπω οὐκέτι οὐκοῦν οὔκουν οὖν οὔπω οὔτε οὔτε πάλιν πάνυ πόθεν; ποῖ; πολλάκις πόρρω ποτέ πότερ ἤ ποῦ; at home alas! oh dear! where when that no; not and not never not yet no longer therefore not...therefore so, then, therefore not yet neither nor back, again very (much); at all from where? where to? often far, far off (+ gen., from); forwards, further (+ gen., into) once, ever whether or where? 11

πρῶτ πως τε καί τέλος τί; τότε ὦ ὡς ὥσπερ prepositions ἀπό (+ gen.) first, at first somehow A and B, both A and B in the end, finally why? then O (addressing someone) as; how!; that like, as from; away from διά (+ acc.) because of; (+ gen.) through εἰς (+ acc.) ἐκ (+ gen.) ἐν (+ dat.) ἐπί κατά to, into, onto out of in; on; among (+ acc.) against, at, to; (+ gen.) on (+ acc.) in, on, by, according to μετά (+ acc.) after; (+ gen.) with παρά (+ acc.) along, beside περί (+ acc.) about; (+ gen.) about πρός ὑπέρ ὑπό (+ acc.) to; towards (+ gen.) for, on behalf of (+ gen.) by, at the hands of 12