Vocabulary to be learnt: through Section 3 nouns: first declension ἀπορία, ἡ βοή, ἡ γῆ, ἡ ἐλευθερία, ἡ εὐχή, ἡ ἡσυχία, ἡ θάλαττᾰ, ἡ θεά, ἡ θύρα, ἡ θυσία, ἡ κελευστής, κυβερνήτης, ναυµαχία, ἡ ναύτης, νίκη, ἡ οἰκία, ἡ µοια, ἡ σπδή, ἡ στρατιά, ἡ σωτηρία, ἡ perplexity; lack of resources shout land freedom prayer quiet, peace sea goddess door sacrifice boatswain captain, helmsman naval battle sailor victory, conquest house agreement, harmony a libation army safety τέχνη, ἡ τόλµᾰ, ἡ skill, art, expertise daring nouns: second declension Ἄθηναῖος, ἄνθρωπος, βάρβαρος, Athenian man; fellow barbarian, foreigner ἔργ, τό task, job θόρυβος, noise, din, hustle and bustle κίνδυνος, danger Λακεδαιµιος, Spartan λόγος, word, speech; story, tale νῆσος, ἡ ὅπλα, τά πλοῖ, τό πολέµιοι, οἱ πόλεµος, ῥαψῳδός, στρατηγός, τριήραρχος, island weapons, arms vessel; ship the enemy war rhapsode general trierarch 1
φίλος, friend nouns: third declension ἀνήρ (ἀνδρ- ), γείτων (γειτ-), Ἕλλην, man neighbor Greek Ζεύς ( ι-), Zeus λαµπάς torch (λαµπαδ-), ἡ λιµήν harbor (λιµεν-), ναῦς, ἡ νύξ (νυκτ-), ἡ παῖς (παιδ-), πατρίς (πατριδ-), ἡ πυρά, τά σωτήρ (σωτηρ-), ship night slave, child fatherland fire-signal savior adjectives: first/second declension ἀγαθός ή good, noble, courageous ἄλλος η ο ἄριστος η βέβαιος α δεινός ή δῆλος η ἐλεύθερος η ἐµός ή ἔµπειρος ἡµέτερος α κακός ή κάλλιστος η καλός ή µῶρος α ναυτικός ή ὅσος η πολέµιος α σῶος α other, the rest of best; very good secure terrible, dire, clever clear; obvious free my, mine skilled, experienced our bad, evil, cowardly, lowly, mean most/very fine/beautiful/good fine, beautiful; good stupid; foolish naval how great! hostile, enemy safe 2
adjectives: mixed first/second & third declensions µέγας µεγάλη µέγα (µεγαλ-) πολύς πολλή πολύ (πολλ-) great, big much, many adjectives: third declension ἀληθῆ the truth (literally true things, nt. pl., contracted from ἀληθέα) adverbs in ως regularly formed from adjectives ἀκριβῶς βραδέως ἡδέως οὕτω(ς) σαφῶς ταχέως ψευδῶς accurately; closely slowly with pleasure, sweetly thus, so, in this way clearly quickly falsely pronouns and pronoun/adjectives ἀλλήλους ἐγώ ἔγωγε ἐκεῖνος η ο ἡµεῖς οὐδέν οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο σεαυτ σύ τί; τι τίς; ὑµεῖς each other, one another Ι I; I at least/for my part that, (s)he, it we nothing this, (s)he, it yourself (s.) you (s.) what? a, something what? who? you (pl.) present ω-verbs (look up compounds under simple verb) ἄγε ἀκούω ἀποθνῄσκω (ἀποθαν-) ἀπορέω ἀφικνέοµαι (ἀφικ-) come! (s.) hear, listen die be at a loss; have no resources arrive, come 3
βαίνω (βα-) ἀναβαίνω (ἀναβα-) ἐµβαίνω (ἐµβα-) καταβαίνω (καταβα-) βοάω βοηθέω γίγνοµαι (γεν-) γιγνώσκω (γνο-) δηλόω διώκω ἐλευθερόω ἔρχοµαι (ἐλθ-) διέρχοµαι (διελθ-) ἐπέρχοµαι (ἐπελθ-) προσέρχοµαι (προσελθ-) go/come, walk go/come up embark go/come down shout (for) run to help, help become; be; be born; happen; arise know; perceive; resolve show, reveal pursue free, set free go, come ἐρωτάω (ἐρ-) ask εὔχοµαι pray ἐχω (σχ-) ζητέω ἡσυχάζω θεάοµαι go through, relate go against, attack advance, go/come towards have; hold look for, seek be quiet, keep quiet watch, gaze at θύω καθεύδω καλέω κελεύω λαµβάνω (λαβ-) λέγω (εἰπ-) εἰπέ µανθάνω (µαθ-) µάχοµαι (µαχεσ-) µένω (µειν-) νικάω ράω (ἰδ-) παίζω (πρός + πίπτω (πεσ-) πλέω (πλευσ-) ποιέω πορεύοµαι ῥίπτω σιωπάω σκοπέω σπένδω sacrifice sleep call, summon order take, capture say; speak; tell; mean speak! tell me! learn, understand fight remain; wait for win, defeat see play; joke (at) fall, die sail make; do march, journey, go throw be silent look (at), consider pour a libation 4
σπεύδω σῴζω τολµάω τρέχω (δραµ-) φαίνοµαι (φαν-) φεύγω (φυγ-) φοβέοµαι φρτίζω χωρέω ἀναχωρέω ἀποχωρέω all other verbs εἰµί ἐλθέ ἰδού οἶδα be hurry save dare, be daring, undertake run appear, seem run off; flee fear, be afraid (of) think; worry go, come retreat go away, depart come! (s.) look! here! hey! know adverbs, conjunctions, particles, etc. ἀεί always ἀλλά but ἅµα at the same time ἆρα? αὖθις again γάρ for δέ and δεῦρο here, over here δή διὰ τί; ἐγγύς ἐπειδή ἔπειτα ἔτι εὖ ἤ ἤδη καί µέν δέ then, indeed why? nearby; (+ gen.) near when, since, because then, next still, yet well or by now, now already and; also µή don t on the one hand on the other 5
ναί νῦν οἴκαδε οἴκοι οἴµοι ὅτι οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ οὐδέ οὐκέτι οὖν πόθεν; ποῖ; πότερ ἤ ποῦ; πῶς γὰρ οὔ; τε καί τέλος ὦ yes now homewards at home alas! oh dear! that no; not and not no longer so, then, therefore from where? where to? whether or where? of course A and B, both A and B in the end, finally O (addressing someone) ὡς ὥσπερ prepositions ἀπό (+ gen.) διά (+ εἰς (+ ἐκ (+ gen.) ἐν (+ dat.) ἐπί (+ κατά (+ παρά (+ περί (+ πρός (+ how! like, as from; away from because of to, into, onto out of in; on; among against, at, to in, on, by, according to along, beside about to; towards 6