Εθνικό Δίκτυο Σηλεσκοπίας Νετρίνων KM3NeT National Network for Neutrino Telescopy KM3NeT ΜΑΡΣΙΟ 2009 / MARCH 2009 1
ΕΝΟΤΗΤΑ. Α 2
Ε ΕΝΟΣΗΣΑ. Α 3
Έντυπο Α1: Περίληψη- rm Ακρωνύμιο Πρότασης /Acronym of the proposal Σίτλος της Πρότασης/Title of the proposal Διάρκεια έργου (σε μήνες) /Duration of the project (months) Θεματικός Σομέας (επιλογή από τους εξής)/ Thematic Area (please choose one of the Following) : 1.Κοινωνικές και Ανθρωπιστικές Επιστήμες/ Social Sciences and Humanities 2. Περιβάλλον/Environment 3. Ενέργεια/Energy 4. Βιολογία και Ιατρική/Biological and Medical Science 5. Επιστήμες Τλικών/Materials and Analytical facilities 6. Υυσικές Επιστήμες και Μηχανική/Physical Sciences and Engineering 7. e-τποδομές/e-infrastructures Λέξεις Κλειδιά (επιλογή σύμφωνα με την θεματική ενότητα) /Key words Μέγιστο έως 10 λέξεις κλειδιά (max. 10 key words) Ερευνητική Τποδομής (Ε.Τ.) Επιλογή μιας από τις ακόλουθες Ε.Τ. Research Infrastructure (please select one of the following): CESSDA, CLARIN, DARIAH, SHARE, EMSO, EUFAR-COPAL, EURO-ARGO, HELLENIC-KM3NeT-NETWORK Εζληθό Δίθησο Σειεζθοπίας Νεηρίλωλ KM3NeT National Network for Neutrino Telescopy KM3NeT 6 6. Υυσικές Επιστήμες και Μηχανική/Physical Sciences and Engineering Αζηροθσζηθή λεηρίλωλ, ζεκειηώδες θσζηθή, ηετλοιογία βαζεηάς ζαιάζζες, επηζηήκες περηβάιιοληος, οργαλοιογία Neutrino astrophysics, fundamental physics, deep sea technology, environmental science, instrumentation KM3NET 4
LIFEWATCH, HiPER, EATRIS, INFRAFRONTIER, BBMRI, ELI, X-FEL, KM3NET, PRACE Summary of the proposal 2000 characters max. Neutrino telescopy offers the ability to detect and study phenomena in the Universe that remain hidden from clasical astronomy and the other astroparticle physics methodologies, whilst offers the ability of detection of new phenomena and discover new fundamental physics. Today, the international scientific community has focused on the development of two large neutrino telescope infrastructures: IceCube in the Antarctic ice and KM3Net deep in the Mediterranean sea. The optical properties of water and the geographical position of the Mediterranean will elevate KM3NeT to being the most sensitive cosmic neutrino telescope, at least 3 times more sensitive than IceCube.. The European scientific community performs a design study for a neutrino telescope, of 1 km 3 size, in the Mediterranean, also including infrastructure for environmental and geological sciences, elevating the underwater installation to a wider system of environmental control. KM3NeT also consists the only research ifrastructure for which Greece has expressed interest for installation on its territory (close to the Oinouses trench). The well-documented demonstration of the advantages of this site as the most suitable position fothe telescope, the international acknowledgement of the scientific potential and effectiveness of the Hellenice Neutrino Telescopy community, the scientific progress and the ability of management of the Hellenic pilot project (NESTOR), the proven ability for cooperation of the national neutrino telescopy community and its recognition from the wider scientific community of the country, are included in the necessary conditions for achieving the installation of KM3NeT in Greece Major objective of the current proposal is the enforcement of the Greek effort by means of creating a widespread network of research groups and their colaboration in order to perform a feasibility study for achieving the installation and operation of KM3NeT in Greece, as well as 5
highlight the scientific, social and economical impact of this European Infrastructure to Greece. 6
ελ ΕΝΣΤΠΟ Α2: ΕΝΑ ΕΝΣΤΠΟ ΑΝΑ ΕΣΑΙΡΟ/ΜΕΛΟ ΚΟΙΝΟΠΡΑΞΙΑ ΕΕΝΣΤΠΟ Αρ. Πρότασης (συμπλ. Από ΓΓΕΣ)/ Proposal Number Ακρωνύμιο Έργου / Proposal Acronym HELLENIC -KM3NeT- NETWORK Αρ. Εταίρου στο έργο/participant Number 1 υντομογρα -φία Υορέα/Organisation short Name HOU ΣΟΙΦΕΙΑ ΥΟΡΕΑ ΚΑΙ ΝΟΜΙΜΟ ΕΚΠΡΟΩΠΟ ΥΟΡΕΑ ΕΠΨΝΤΜΑ ΥΟΡΕΑ/ Organisation legal name Ειιεληθό Αλοηθηό Παλεπηζηήκηο Hellenic Open University ΔΙΕΤΘΤΝΗ ΥΟΡΕΑ/ΟΡΓΑΝΙΜΟΤ / Legal address Οδός/ Street name Αριθμός/Number Πόλη/City Χώρα/Country Ταχ. Κώδικας /Postal Code Διεύθυνση στο διαδίκτυο/intrenet homepage ΕΛΛΑΣ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗ ΦΟΡΕΑ/ Organisation Descrition ΔΗΜΟΙΟ /GOV. ΔΗΜΟΙΟ ΥΟΡΕΑ /GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION ΔΙΕΘΝΗ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΜΟ /INTERNATIONAL ORG. ΑΝΨΣΑΣΗ/ ΑΝΨΣΕΡΗ ΕΚΕΠΑΙΔΕΤΗ /HIGHER EDUCATION ΕΡΕΤΝΗΣΙΚΟ ΥΟΡΕΑ ΜΗ ΚΕΡΔΟΚΟΠΙΚΟΤ ΦΑΡΑΚΣΗΡΑ/RESEARCH INSTITUTE Non Profit ΑΛΛΟ /OTH ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΧΣΕ/ Describe ΝΟΜΙΜΟ ΕΚΠΡΟΩΠΟ ΥΟΡΕΑ / Person in charge Επώνυμο/Surname Τίτλος/Title Θέση στον οργανισμό/φορέα/position Τμήμα/ Ινστιτούτο/Institute or Department Διεύθυνση /Address Όνομα/Name Α/Θ /Sex: M/F Οδός/Street Αριθμός/Number 7
Πόλη/City Σατ. Κώδικας /Postal code Υώρα/Country Σηλ. /Tel E-mail ΕΛΛΑΣ Σηλ. /Tel Fax ΕΠΩΝΤΜΙΑ ΕΣΑΙΡΟΤ/ΦΟΡΕΑ / Organisation Name ΕΠΩΝΤΜΟ ΝΟΜΙΜΟΤ ΕΚΠΡ. ΦΟΡΕΑ/ Surname of legal representative Ημερ. ΗΜ/MM/ΕΣΟ/ DATE Τπογραφή Νόμιμοσ Εκπρ. Φορέα/Signature ΟΝΟΜΑ/ Name 8
ΕΝΣΤΠΟ Α3: ΕΝΑ ΕΝΣΤΠΟ ΑΝΑ ΕΡΓΟ Α/Αρ Εταίρου Part. Nr. Υορέας/ υντομογραφία Organ. Short name Αμοιβές και έξοδα ελεγκτών (5)/Audit Certificate (max. 2% of the total cost) ΤΝΟΛΙΚΗ ΔΑΠΑΝΗ (για όλη τη διάρκεια του έργου) COST ANALYSIS (Full duration of the project) Μετακινήσ εις- Σαξίδια & Τποδοχή /Υιλοξενία ( Σακτικές αποδοχές Ειδικές περιπτώσεις (1) ( )/ Personnel cost 2,3) ( )/ Travels & Guests cost Άλλες άμεσες Δαπάνες (4) ( )/ Other Direct cost Έμμεσο Κόστος (5% Μεγ.) ( ) υνολική Δαπάνη/Total Cost υνολική αιτούμενη Δημόσια Δαπάνη ( )/ Public contribution 1 HOU 1500 40400 43500 5000 2600 93000 93000 2 UofP 2500 1000 7000 10500 10500 3 UofA 2000 2000 4000 4000 4 NCSR-D 2000 1000 3000 3000 5 Aeg 2000 2000 4000 4000 6 AUTh 2500 1000 7000 10500 10500 ύνολα 1500 51400 50500 19000 2600 125000 125000 (1) Κατηγορία Δαπάνης: 60.00.00 (2) & (3) Κατηγορίες Δαπανών: 64.01.00, 64.01.01, 64.02.06 (4) Κατηγορίες Δαπανών: 61.90,61.00.03,61.01.01, 61.00, 60.03.00 (5) Κατηγορία Δαπάνης: 61.00.04 Αναλυτικές οδηγίες για τις Κατηγορίες Δαπανών δίδονται στο Κεφάλαιο 18 του Οδηγού 9
Εσρωπαϊκού Οδικού Χάρηη Υποδομών (European Roadmap for Research Infrastructures, by ESFRI-European 10
SECTION. Β 11
ΕεΝΟΣΗΣΑ ΕΝΟΣΗΣΑ Β Σίτλος της Πρότασης έργοσ/proposal Title Εζληθό Δίθησο Σειεζθοπίας Νεηρίλωλ KM3NeT National Network for Neutrino Telescopy KM3NeT Ακρωνύμιο πρότασης/proposal Acronym HELLENIC-KM3NeT-NETWORK Θεματικός Σομέας/Thematic Area Υυσικές Επιστήμες και Μηχανική/Physical Sciences and Engineering Φορέας και Όνομα-Επώνσμο σντονιστή /Organisation & Name-Surname of the Coordinator Ειιεληθό Αλοηθηό Παλεπηζηήκηο/ πύρος Σδακαρίας Hellenic Open University/ Spyros Tzamarias σμμετέτοντες υορείς και αντίστοιτοι επιστημονικοί εκπρόσωποι /Partners-Members of the Network and Scientific Representatives Λίστα συμμετεχόντων/κοινοπραξίας List of Parners Members of the Network Υορέας Partner-Member 1. υντονιστής (Ανάδοχος Υορέας) Ελληνικό Ανοικτό Πανεπιστήμιο/ Hellenic Open University (HOU) 2 Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών/ University of Patras (UofP) 3. Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών / University of Athens (UofA) 4. Ε.Κ.Ε.Υ.Ε. «Δημόκριτος» / N.C.S.R. Demokritos (NCSR-D) 5. Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου / Aegean University (Aeg) 6. Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης / University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) Επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος/εκπρόσωπος Scientific Representatives πύρος Σζαμαρίας/ Spyros Tzamarias Ελευθερία Φριστοπούλου/Eleftheria Christopoulou Νίκος Γιόκαρης/ Nikos Giokaris Γιώργος Υανουρακης/George Fanourakis Ιωάννης Γκάλας / Ioannis Gkialas Φρήστος Ελευθεριάδης / Christos Eleftheriadis 12
13
B1: Scientific adequacy and completeness of the proposed activities, qualitative composition of the Network and expected benefits B.1.1 Content and objectives Neutrinos should be emitted, with high energies, by a wide range of galactic sources (such as super-nova remnants, pulsars and micro-quasars) and extragalactic sources (such as Active Galactic Nuclei *AGN+, γ-ray burst emitters) in the Universe, as products of the interaction of high-energy charged particles with matter. As neutrinos interact weakly with matter, they can escape from inside compact celestial bodies much easier than photons, providing thus the capability of detection and study of phenomena occurring in the Universe and remain hidden from classical astronomy, γ-ray telescopy, but also from the charged cosmic ray telescopy. Contrary to γ-rays, neutrinos from cosmic sources offer strong evidence for charged particle acceleration mechanisms in the Universe and for hadronic mechanisms of cosmic ray production. Furthermore, the detection and study of the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos (from unidentified sources or the interaction of cosmic rays with intergalactic matter and radiation or even with the cosmic microwave background radiation) can offer significant cosmological evidence. However, the weak interaction of neutrinos with matter renders their detection extremely difficult at the earth laboratories. In order for a neutrino telescope (that utilizes ice or water as the active medium for the production of Cherenkov radiation from the products of the interaction of the neutrino with matter that surrounds the detector) to have the necessary sensitivity for the detection of the expected neutrino flux from space, it should occupy an instrumented volume larger than 1 km3. Moreover, the neutrino telescope, in order to be shielded from the cosmic radiation background that bombards the earth and from the produced atmospheric showers, should be surrounded by matter of significant thickness. Today, after 25 years of pioneering research projects, the international community has focused on the design and construction of two, complementary, large (km3) neutrino telescope infrastructures: IceCube embedded deep in the Antarctic ice and KM3NeT deep in the Mediterranean sea. The deep water of the Mediterranean offers the necessary shielding from cosmic radiation, exhibiting, in parallel, great transparency so that the cosmic neutrinos tracks can be reconstructed efficiently and with high precision using Cherenkov photons detectors. In addition the geographical position of the Mediterranean is ideal, since the area that is possible to be observed by the KM3NeT will include the centre of our galaxy. The optical properties of water and the geographical position of KM3NeT will elevate KM3NeT to being the most sensitive cosmic neutrino telescope, at least 3 times more sensitive than IceCube (which, however, observes a different area of the sky. While neutrino astrophysics consists the primary scientific objective for the development of KM3NeT, in parallel there is offered the capability of contribution to the research for new fundamental Physics (such as the research for particles that constitute dark matter [WIMPs or the lightest super-symmetric particle], the research beyond the standard 14
neutrino oscillations [because of the quantum de-coherence or the Lorenz Invariance violation], the research for magnetic monopoles, super-symmetric Q-balls or nuclearites). Furthermore, the KM3NeT infrastructure will be utilized co-operatively by other scientific disciplines, for continue observations and measurements in the scientific areas of Oceanography, Climatology, Geophysics, Geotechnics and Marine-Biology, establishing the underwater installation to a wider system of environmental control. For the abovementioned reasons, KM3NeT consists an extremely important infrastructure of the road map of the European Community in the field of Natural Sciences and Mechanics. In addition, it is the only research infrastructure for which Greece has expressed interest for installation on its ground. For more than 15 years, the ability for the implementation of a neutrino telescope, in great sea depth in the Mediterranean, has been studied by three pilot projects: the NETSOR project close to the Oinouses trench (available depths: 3750m, 4700m, 5200m), the ANTARES project in the sea area of Toulon (available depth: 2475m) and the NEMO project in the area of Capo Pasero (available depth: 3500m). The European neutrino telescopy scientific community, was funded by the 6 th Framework Program of the European Community for performing in collaboration the design study (KM3NeT Design Study) for a neutrino telescope, of 1km 3 size, also including co-operative infrastructure for environmental and geological sciences. The collaboration of the scientists of the KM3NeT has already prepared the Conceptual Design Report (it describes the scientific objectives, the basic principles on which the final design should be based, the construction and the operation of the telescope and also the co-operative installations) and continues to work for the development of the final design, where the architecture of the telescope and the technologies for the construction and operation will be chosen. In parallel, the European Community approved the funding of the Preparatory Phase (Preparatory Phase Project, PF7) of the KM3NeT, as a program of ESPRI, with basic objectives: Political convergence, Legal, governance, financial engineering and site issues, Strategic issues and international networking, Preparation for production and operation. It is clear that both the results of the Design Study (Design Study) and the program of the preparatory phase (Preparatory Phase) will contribute greatly to the final choice of the installation position of the telescope. However, the final decision for the KM3NeT site will be a trade-off among the national and regional policies and financial priorities and the scientific and technological priorities. Consequently, the scientific demonstration of the advantages of the Hellenic site as the most suitable position for the installation of KM3NeT, the international acknowledgement of the scientific potential and the effectiveness of the Hellenic Neutrino Telescopy community, the scientific progress and the capability for the management of the national pilot neutrino-telescopy project, the proven capability for co-operativeness of the national neutrino telescopy community and the appreciation of the wider scientific community of Greece, are included in the necessary preconditions for achieving the installation of KM3NeT in our country. The primary objectives on which this proposal focused are analyzed below: 15
Feasibility study: A primary objective of the current proposal is the reinforcement of the Greek activity in neutrino telescopy with the construction of a widespread network of the interested scientific groups and their co-operative (according to the standard models of scientific collaboration) contribution to the performance of the feasibility study for the installation in our country of KM3NeT, but also for the demonstration of the scientific, social and financial gains that will emerge from it. We aspire, within the framework of this study, to come in contact with all the Greek scientific groups active (not only) in the fields of Astroparticle, Particle Physics and Instrumentation, (but also) in the fields of Environmental Sciences mentioned above, in the Technological Fields that are related with the implementation of the KM3NeT research infrastructure, as well as with the respective units of Greek Industry, in order to further reinforce the national scientific and technological network involved in the construction and operation of this research infrastructure. To this end, our collaboration includes research groups and scientists that are active in almost the whole of the range of the scientific fields that benefit from the KM3NeT, in order to achieve the (scientific) communication with the national scientific/technological community Report of the current status (state of the art) in reference to the selection of methodologies and technologies for KM3NeT: The implementation of this project will coincide with the final decisions and the publishing of the Technical Design Report of the Design Study-KM3NeT. Independently of the range of contribution of the Greek groups in the final choice of technologies and methodologies, it is extremely important to demonstrate the capability of the national scientific/technological community to manage and participate in the implementation of those choices, in connection with the demonstration of the advantages of the Greek candidate site for the installation of the infrastructure. A goal of this proposal is the compilation of a report in which the abovementioned requirements will be analyzed as well as the requirements relevant to material/technical infrastructures and communication needs, with emphasis on their implementation in the Greek territory. Financial Study: A consequence of the aforementioned objective is the detailed analysis of the national participation in the construction and implementation of KM3NeT in our country in such a way that will maximize the benefits in both know-how and technology. Of course, the detailed specification presumes political decisions in European and in National level, but the a first-level evaluation of the distribution of the national investment and the benefits that will arise, is possible. Proposal for a National Policy concerning the instalation of KM3NeT in our country: One can easily ascertain that the Greek research groups participating in KM3NeT lack in critical mass compared to the other European scientific communities that have a direct interest in the installation of KM3NeT in another, excluding the Greek, Mediterranean position. However, they are also a small part of the wider Greek scientific community that has expressed interest for participation in KM3NeT and also wish to participate in achieving its installation in Greece. Furthermore, the co-operative organization within the 16
field of neutrino telescopy in our country lacks compared to the evidently successful collaborations of the large, international co-operative projects of Particle (e.g. CERN experiments) or Astroparticle Physics (e.g. IceCube, ANTARES, HESS, MAGIC, etc.). It should also be stressed that that important component of the Greek scientific community, which does not participate today but wishes to actively contribute to KM3NeT and its installation in Greece, possesses specialized knowledge, important capabilities and knowhow, as well as calaboration experience in the large research programs aforementioned. The collaboration that submits this proposal, as has already been mentioned several times, aims at the reinforcement of the national scientific/technological community for KM3NeT, the maximization of the co-operativeness and effectiveness in the claim of the research infrastructure in our country. It is clear that the results of the feasibility study (but also the fact that we will communicate with all the scientific and technological groups which have scientific interest to be involved ΚΜ3ΝεΣ) will contribute to the formation of a Proposal for National Policy (with regard to scientific activities that need to be done, development of co-operativeness in national level, information and activation of the concerned etc.). The objective is the formation of a common policy, not only among the collaborators of this proposal but also, with the participation of the wider scientific/technological community, so that it can constitute a Proposal for National Strategy with regard to the neutrino telescopy and the KM3NeT instalation in our country. The proposed dissemination activities and the information of the Greek scientific and productive community is expected to have a significant contribution to the formation of this Proposal of National Policy. Compilation and signature of a Memorandum of Understanding: As it has been analyzed extensively above, the co-operation of the Greek scientific groups consists an urgent necessity. The collaboration which signs this proposal, but also the communication of the members of our collaboration with the national scientific/technological community will offer the ability of the compilation, the wide acceptance and the signature of a Memorandum of Understanding among all the Greek groups involved (potentially) in the installation and operation of KM3NeT in our country. An initial proposal for this cooperation agreement will be the way of co-operative carrying out of this project, that is described in paragraph B2, Also the experience of carrying out scientific work, for many decades, within large groups in international research centers will be exploited Scientific Outreach and Dissemination of the Results of the project: The organization of workshops, scientific events and outreach activities with the participation of the involved collaboration members, invited scientists with important contribution to the international scientific fields concerning KM3NeT, but also the wider Greek scientific community, social leaders and general public (in the outreach events), will support the implementation of the objectives of the project ( We emphasize the importance of the communicationconnection of the collaboration with the wider scientific/technological community for the installation of KM3NeT in our country). In parallel, those activities will contribute to the information of the society and the politicians for the benefits that will emerge in Physics, in Technology, in Environmental and Geological Sciences, as well for the more general 17
developmental opportunities and benefits that the installation and operation of the particular European research infrastructure in Greece implies. 18
B.1.2 Content and qualitative characteristics of the feasibility study. As mentined in paragraph B.1.1, the study for the Preparatory Phase (Preparatory Phase Project, PF7) of KM3NeT, as a project of ESPRI, is being developed with basic objectives: Political convergence, Legal, governance, financial engineering and site issues, Strategic issues and international networking, Preparation for production and operation. Out of this the will emerge the framework of implementation and operation of KM3NeT as a cooperative European Research Infrastructure. Concerning the national (Greek) priorities, KM3NeT consists the only Research Infrastructure (RI) for which our country has expressed interest for implementation on its territory, so that the feasibility study should also extend (in the framework of reporting the current situation, the state of the art in world level and the analysis of the up-to-date national policy in the field) to conclusion concerning the coordination and the organization of the Greek scientific/technological community, as well as the development of a National Strategy Proposal for the installation and operation of KM3NeT in our country. In parallel, it should specify the requirements (defined in the European framework of implementation and operation of this co-operative RI) in scientific networking, infrastructure, productive processes, administrative and legal procedures, that the installation and operation of the RI in Greece implies. The special developmental importance of the installation of KM3NeT in southern Peloponnesus for the district but also for the whole Greek territory, both in scientific/technological and financial/political benefits, is pointed out by the expressed decision of the Greek State to claim the hosting of the research infrastructure. However, KM3NeT will consist the central node of a widespread network of European research laboratories and technological institutions that will offer additional mobility (scientists, ideas, technologies) potential in the Greek society, supporting and boosting Excellence in the community of scientists and supplying developmental opportunities in the production sector and economy. Schematically, the basic deliverable of the project, the Feasibility Study, will include the following Description of the Current Situation: As has been documented in paragraph B.1.1 the potential users of the infrastructure of KM3NeT originate from the scientific fields of Astroparticle Physics, Astrophysics, Elementary Particle Physics, Oceanography, Climatology, Geophysics, Geotechnics, Marine Biology and other relevant scientific areas. Furthermore, the construction and operation of the RI involves technological fields of electronics and informatics, instrumentation (e.g. sensitive photodetectors), material science, deep sea technology and applications. The study intends to describe the Greek groups active in those fields, as well as the research projects they carry out and those that they could develop in the frame of the abilities that the installation of KM3NeT will offer, in order to demonstrate: a) that there is competent scientific/technological potential that will support the installation and operation of the RI in our country and b) the potential for development and boosting of Excellence that will offer the utilization of KM3NeT to the scientific community of our country, especially if the installation and operation of KM3NeT in Greece is achieved. In parallel, the Greek companies active in the fields of constructions and especially of technological applications relevant to the construction and 19
operation of KM3NeT will be listed, in order to describe the benefits in that sector as well by specializing the model of production of the telescope instrumental parts.. As has already been mentioned, the description of the scientific and technological potential of the country will be utilized for the carrying out of a National Strategy Proposal. In this proposal all the available scientific achievements (concerning the scientific groups of our collaboration but also all the other Greek scientific groups and especially thw scientific/technological work that has been carried out in the frame of the pilot neutrino telescopy project NESTOR) that elevate the advantages of the Greek position for the installation of the telescope, will also be exploited In the frame of developing a National Strategy Proposal, the achievements but also the operational deficiencies of the activity of neutrino astroparticle physics in our country will be described and analysed. The main goal is to conclude to a proposal concerning the empowerment of the Greek contribution to the international activity of neutrino telescopy, the scientific planning and the definition of objectives for the national activity in that field, as well as the reinforcement of the scientific network and co-operativeness. In our collaboration participate research groups and scientists with substantial experience, wide scientific/technological/developmental work and wide range collaborations that span the full spectrum of the field that we wish to map. The aforementioned characteristics are necessary because we intend to report on the current situation of our national scientific and developmental potential, which we intend to activate for the installation of KM3NeT in our country and the maximization of the benefits that this RI will offer. State of the art: As it is analyzed in paragraph B1.1, the implementation posibility of a neutrino telescope in Mediterranean deep sea, has been studied from three pilot programs (Nestor, Antares, Nemo), whilst the European neutrino telescope community collaborates performing the KM3NeT Design Study. The scientific collaboration of the KM3NeT Design Study has already worked out the Conceptual Design Report and the next months it will conclude to the Technical Design Report, where the final methodologies and technologies will be decided, giving the scientific and technological arguments for the decision of installation location. Parallel to that, the results of Preparatory Phase Project, PF7 of KM3NeT, will result in strategies for the implementation of further European synergetic infrastructure in politics, economy, law, funding, management and administration, national networking and data handling, construction and operation methods as well as in decision of installation location (in connection with the scientific and technological demands). The results of the Design Study as well as of the Preparatory Phase, will contribute in the final decision of telescope installation location in association with national political and economic priorities. It is very important, in the framework of this proposal (study), to specify the material and technical infrastructures that the location of the KM3NeT installation must offer and to specialize for the case of the Greek installation site. More specifically, the telescope installation close to Oinouses trench will be accompanied by specialized installations (in land, over and underwater), which will be described in the Technical Design Report of ΚΜ3ΝeT Design Study and in the Preparatory Phase study. 20
Moreover the fact that KM3NeT will be a central communication center for scientists and information, in an extended international network, requires that the installation location offers human and material transport as well as fast communication infrastructures. The decision of the Greek State to invest a sufficient amount of money for the KM3NeT installation in Greece, refers to the aforementioned installations which will be described and accounted in the study. Analysis of the national (Greek) policy that has been implemented until know in this field: Despite the fact that the Greek candidate site, for the KM3NeT installation, offers very important advantages and despite the fact that the Greek pilot program NESTOR was the first that operated a deep sea test apparatus (neutrino telescope), collected experimental data and performed accurate measurements, today the Greek activity lacks in progress compared with the French pilot program ANTARES (that works and collects routinely data, using 12 fully instrumented strings). The Greek scientific community, which is active in neutrino telescopy, lacks also (in comparison with the other European competitors) in critical scientific mass and in contributions to the KM3NeT design study. Given that the work program for the final design (Design Study and the study for the Preparatory Phase) and the preparation for the final decision concerning the KM3NeT installation site, are developed in parallel with the national (European) research programs in neutrino telescopy (e.g. the national pilot programs), it is extremely important the strengthening of the Greek activity in this field. Unfortunately, until know, there was not significant participation of the Greek scientific community to this effort, despite the obvious national importance. However, a significant part of the Greek scientific community has expressed (e.g. by a letter to the General Secretary of Research and Development) a strong interest for collaborating in the national pilot project and in the ΚΜ3ΝeT effort, as well as to contribute in the installation of ΚΜ3ΝeT in Greece. The problem concerns mainly the fact that the collaboration amongst Greek teams in this specific scientific area is very weak, despite the tradition in collaboration and the experience of the Greek research groups in co-operating in large international collaborative research projects (e.g. CERN experiments). It must be also emphasized that the aforementioned Greek scientific community, that is currently no participating in the national neutrino telescopy effort, has highly specialized scientific knowledge, sufficient potential and know how as well as collaborative experience. In the framework of this study we will contact and communicate with all the potential collaborators, in both the KM3NeT and the pilot program NESTOR, in order to prepare a memorandum of understanding to be agreed and signed by the national research teams and we will contribute to the definition of scientific strategic milestones for the national activity in neutrino telescopy. We will also include to the National Strategy Proposal, the conclusions of this analysis concerning the strengthening of organization and collaboration, as well as the strengthening of the effort to installe and operate the ΚΜ3ΝeT in Greece 21