Chapter 15-α. Athematic 2 nd Aorists ACTIVE. PARADIGMS (lists of forms) BASIC PATTERN indic imperat inf ptc

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Chapter 15-α 1. Quiz Quote. ὡς τυραννίδα γὰρ ἤδη ἔχετε αὐτήν, ἣν λαβεῖν μὲν ἄδικον δοκεῖ εἶναι, ἀφεῖναι δὲ ἐπικίνδυνον. 2. Athematic 2 nd Aorist Active (a) What Are They?... (b) 2 nd aor. anything not FIRST aorist athematic no theme vowel to glue endings to stem o theme vowels are ο / ε e.g., THEMATIC 2 nd aor. like ἔλιπ-ο-ν, ἔλιπ-ε-ς, etc. e.g., THEMATIC present like λύ-ω (= λύ-ο-ω), λύ-εις (= λύ-ε-ες), etc. the FIRST (i.e., -[σ]α-) aorist mixes mostly athematic with some thematic forms o athematic present conjugations also include εἶμι go and εἰμι be Athematic 2 nd Aorists ACTIVE. PARADIGMS (lists of forms) BASIC PATTERN ἔ-[stem]-ν ἔ-[stem]-ς ἔ-[stem] ἔ-[stem]-μεν ἔ-[stem]-τε ἔ-[stem]-σαν [stem]-θι [stem]-τε [stem]-ναι [stem]-ς, [stem]-σα, [stem]-ν ([stem]-ντος, [stem]-σης, [stem]-ντος)

Chapter 15-α Page 2 (c) ἔβην I went etc. athematic 2 nd aor. active of βαίνω ( go ). βαίνω βήσομαι ἔβην (βη/βα) ἔβη-ν ἔβη-ς ἔβη ἔβη-μεν ἔβη-τε ἔβη-σαν βῆ-θι βῆ-τε βῆ-ναι βάς, βᾶσα, βάν (βάντος, βάσης, βάντος) (d) ἔγνων I learned etc. athematic 2 nd aor. active of γιγνώσκω ( find out ). γιγνώσκω γνώσομαι ἔγνων (γνω/γνο) ἔγνω-ν ἔγνω-ς ἔγνω ἔγνω-μεν ἔγνω-τε ἔγνω-σαν γνῶ-θι γνῶ-τε γνῶ-ναι γνούς, γνοῦσα, γνόν (γνοῦντος, γνούσης, γνοῦντος) (e) ἔστην I stood/stopped (myself) etc. athematic 2 nd aor. active of ἵστημι ( cause to stand, take a stand, stand ). ἵστημι στήσω ἔστην (στη/στα) ἔστη-ν ἔστη-ς ἔστη ἔστη-μεν ἔστη-τε ἔστη-σαν στῆ-θι στῆ-τε στῆ-ναι στάς, στᾶσα, στάν (στάντος, στάσης, στάντος)

Chapter 15-α Page 3 3. AORISTS COMPARED 1 st aor., thematic 2 nd aor., athematic 2 nd aor. active. FIRST AOR. λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα ( loosen ) INDICATIVE ACTIVE THEMATIC (ο/ε) SECOND AOR. λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον ( leave) ATHEMATIC SECOND AOR. βαίνω, βήσομαι, ἔβην ( go ) I ἔλυσ-α ( went ) ἔλιπ-ο-ν ( left ) ἔβη-ν ( went ) you ἔλυσ-ας ἔλιπ-ε-ς ἔβη-ς he/she/it ἔλυσ-ε(ν) ἔλιπ-ε(ν) ἔβη we ἐλύσ-αμεν ἐλίπ-ο-μεν ἔβη-μεν you ἐλύσ-ατε ἐλίπ-ε-τε ἔβη-τε they ἔλυσ-αν ἔλιπ-ο-ν ἔβη-σαν IMPERATIVE ACTIVE you (sing.) λῦσ-ον λίπ-ε βῆ-θι you (plur.) λύσ-ατε λίπ-ετε βῆ-τε INFINITIVE ACTIVE λῦσ-αι λιπεῖν βῆ-ναι PARTICIPLE ACTIVE λύσ-ας, λύσ-ασ-α, λῦσ-αν. λύσ-αντ-ος, etc. λιπών, λιποῦσα, λιπόν. λιπόνος, etc. βάς, βᾶσα, βάν. βάντος, etc. (a) 2 nd Aor. Usage Notes 2 nd aor. of βαίνω (i.e., ἔβην, etc.) ALWAYS, and of ἵστημι (i.e., ἔστην) OFTEN appear in COMPOUNDS But note also: εἰσ-έβην I went in κατ-έστην I became (lit., I went down into a new state of being ) στῆθι / στῆτε Halt!!

Chapter 15-α Page 4 4. 3rd Declension Contract Nouns Remember?... τὸ τεῖχος, τοῦ τείχους (τοῦ τείχεσ-ος > τείχους) Compare ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς, Themistocles case (uncontracted) nom. (Θεμιστοκλέ-ης) gen. (Θεμιστοκλέεσ-ος) dat. (Θεμιστοκλέεσ-ι) acc. (Θεμιστοκλέεσ-α) voc. (Θεμιστόκλεεσ-) contracted Attic form Θεμιστοκλῆς Θεμιστοκλέους Θεμιστοκλεῖ Θεμιστοκλέα Θεμιστόκλεις Compare also Ἡρακλῆς Heracles ( Hercules ), Περικλῆς Pericles, Σοφοκλῆς Sophocles. 5. Challenging principal parts THROUGH CH16-BETA... Liquid/nasal futures/1 st aorists light blue Thematic 2 nd aorists light gray Athematic 2 nd aorists yellow present fut. aor. ἀγγέλλω ἀγγελῶ ἤγγειλα (ἀγειλ-) announce ἀγείρω ἀγερῶ ἤγειρα gather (συν-αγείρω, etc.) ἄγω ἄξω ἤγαγ-ον (ἀγαγ-) lead αἱρέω αἱρήσω εἷλον (ἑλ-) take αἴρω ἀρῶ ἦρ-α (ἀρ-) lift ἁκούω ἀκούσομαι ἤκουσα hear/listen ἀποκτείνω ἀποκτενῶ ἀπ-έ-κτειν-α kill ἁμαρτάνω ἁμαρτήσομαι ἥμαρτ-ον (ἁμαρτ-) miss, err ἀμύνω ἀμυνῶ ἤμυνα (ἀμυν-) ward off ἀπο-θνῄσκω ἀπο-θανοῦμαι ἀπ-έ-θαν-ον die ἀφ-ικνέομαι ἀφ-ίξομαι ἀφ-ῑκ-όμην (ἱκ-, short ι) arrive αἱρέω αἱρήσω εἷλ-ον (ἑλ-) take, capture βαδίζω βαδιῶ ἐβάδισα walk βαίνω βήσομαι ἔβην (βη-, βα-) go βάλλω βαλῶ ἔ-βαλ-ον throw βλέπω βλέψομαι ἔβλεψα look (at)

Chapter 15-α Page 5 present fut. aor. βούλομαι βουλήσομαι (no aor. middle) wish γίγνομαι γενήσομαι ἐ-γεν-όμην become γιγνώσκω γνώσομαι ἔγνων (γνω-, γνου-) learn/find out δια-φθείρω δια-φθερῶ δι-έφθειρα (δια-φθειρ-) destroy δίδωμι (athem. δώσω ἔδωκα (irreg.) give pres.) δοκέω δόξω ἔ-δοξ-α seem δύναμαι δυνήσομαι (no aor. middle) can, am able ἐθέλω ἐθελήσω ἠθέλησα (ἐθελησ-) wish εἰμί ἔσομαι (no aor.) be εἶμι (used as fut.of ἔρχομαι), ptc. ἰών (= pres./fut. time), etc. go ἐλαύνω ἐλῶ (ἐλ-ά-ω) ἤλασα (ἐλασ-) drive ἐλπίζω ἐλπιῶ ἤλπισα hope ἐπίσταμαι ἐπιστήσομαι (no aor. middle) know ἕπομαι ἕψομαι ἑ-σπ-όμην (σπ-) follow ἐργάζομαι ἐργάσομαι ἠργασάμην / εἰργασάμην work ἔρχομαι εἶμι (irreg. athem. ἦλθον (ἐλθ-) go pres. go used as fut.) ἐρωτάω ἐρωτήσω ἠρώτησα/ ask ἠρόμην ἐγείρω ἐγερῶ ἤγειρ-α (ἐγειρ-) rouse ἐθέλω ἐθελήσω ἠθέλησα want/will ἔρχομαι εἶμι ἦλθ-ον (ἐλθ-) come, go ἐρωτάω ἐρῶ ἠρ-όμην (ἐρ-) ask ἐσθίω ἔδω ἔ-φαγ-ον eat εὑρίσκω εὑρήσομαι ηὗρ-ον / εὗρ-ον (εὑρ-) find ἔχω ἕξω / σχήσω ἔ-σχ-ον (σχ-) have (or get) θαυμάζω θαυμάσομαι ἐθαύμασα wonder ἵστημι (athem. στήσω ἔστησα, transitive 1 st aor. stand pres.) ἔστην (στη-, στα-), intransitive athem. 2 nd aor. καίω/κάω καύσω ἔ-καυσ-α burn καλέω καλῶ ἐ-κάλεσ-α call κάμνω καμοῦμαι ἔ-καμ-ον am tired κεῖμαι κείσομαι (no aor.) lie κομίζω κομιῶ ἐκόμισα convey κόπτω κόπψω ἔκοψα strike/knock κρίνω κρινῶ ἔ-κριν-α judge λαμβάνω λήψομαι ἔ-λαβ-ον take λανθάνω λήσω ἔ-λαθ-ον escape notice λέγω ἐρῶ εἶπ-ον (εἰπ-) say, speak λείπω λείψω ἔ-λιπ-ον leave μανθάνω μαθήσομαι ἔ-μαθ-ον learn μάχομαι μαχοῦμαι ἐ-μαχεσ-άμην fight

Chapter 15-α Page 6 present fut. aor. μένω μενῶ ἔ-μειν-α wait ὁράω ὄψομαι εἶδ-ον (ἰδ-) see ὀργίζομαι ὀργιοῦμαι (no mid. aor.) get angry πάσχω πείσομαι ἔ-παθ-ον suffer πίνω πίομαι ἔ-πι-ον drink πίπτω πεσοῦμαι ἔ-πεσ-ον fall πλέω πλεύσομαι/πλευσοῦμαι ἔ-πλευσ-α sail πράττω πράξω ἔ-πραξ-α do πυνθάνομαι πεύσομαι ἐ-πυθ-όμην inquire σκοπέω σκέψομαι ἔσκεψάμην examine τέμνω τεμῶ ἔ-τεμ-ον cut τίθημι (athem. θήσω ἔθηκα (ἔθεμεν, θείς, etc) place pres.) τρέχω δραμοῦμαι ἔ-δραμ-ον run τυγχάνω τεύξομαι ἔ-τυχ-ον hit the mark τύπτω τυπτήσω (no other princ. pts.) hit, strike φαίνομαι φανοῦμαι ἐ-φην-άμην seem φέρω οἴσω ἤνεγκον (ἐνεγκ-) carry φεύγω φεύξομαι ἔ-φυγ-ον flee φησί ἔφη (imperfect) he says/said φροντίζω φροντιῶ ἐφρόντισα worry, care φυλάττω φυλάξω ἐ-φύλαξα guard