Mushroom Body Center of Insect Olfactory Learning and Memory

13 2 Vol13 No2 2 2009 4 Life Science Research Apr 2009 1, 2 1, 1 750021 2 200032 : ( ),,,,, ( ), (γ ) ( ) (Ach) γ- (GABA) (NO) camp-pka NO-cGMP : ; ; ; : Q965 : A : 1007-7847(2009)02-0177-05 Mushroom Body Center of Insect Olfactory Learning and Memory WANG Jian-Li 1 BU Yun 2 REN Yu-feng 1 1 College of Life Science & Engineering The North University for Ethnics Yinchuan 750021 Ningxia China 2 Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Abstract Mushroom body MB is one of the important structures in insect brain Although MB is conserved the structure calyx and lobes of MB are highly differentiated among the different order of insects Morphological differences of MB embody insect evolution status to the extent Calyx is one of the main regions that MB receives input from antenna olfactory projection neurons whereas lobes link MB to other brain regions through efferent extrinsic neurons Both calyx and lobes are indispensable for olfactory learning and memory Different subsets of lobes play different functional roles Vertical lobe alpha lobe supports long-term memory while median lobe gamma lobe supports short-term memory MB is required for olfactory memory formation especially for memory retrieval The acetylcholine Ach γ-aminobutyric acid GABA and nitric oxide NO are major neurotransmitters for olfaction synaptic transmission in MB The second messenger systems camp-pka pathway and NO-cGMP pathway which exist in MB play an essential role for insect learning and memory Key words mushroom body structure olfactory memory neurotransmitter Life Science Research 2009 13 2 177~181 : 2008-06-03 : 2008-09-18 : 2006JY001 1976- Tel 0951-2067893 E-mail wang_jianli@163com 1981-

178 2009 mushroom body 3 [6] 2 β [1] 19 Vespidae Formicidae Tabanus β γ 1 β γ [1,5] β γ Spodoptera littoralis [7] β γ Kenyon Drosophila Kenyon 2 500 Acheta 50 000 Apis 170 000 Periplaneta 200 000 [2] KCB [3] cx [4] s calyx pedunculus in lobes Kenyon Kenyon AL 1 in β [8] Thysanura Ephemeroptera 1 Odonata : ; MB: ; AL: ; KCB: Kenyon ; cx: ; s: ; : ; β: β ; in: ; out: Fig1 Organization structure of mushroom body Diagram in the lower left Insect brain MB Mushroom body AL Antennal lobe KCB Kenyon cell body cx Calyx s Stalk lobe β β lobe Orthoptera Blattariae Hymenoptera Coleoptera Diptera Lepidoptera 2 [1] Hemiptera antennal [5] lobe glomeruli MB out in

2 : 179 - alpha-bungarotoxin D- [18] D-tubocurarine Kenyon Kenyon Ach nachrs mecamylamin Ach M machrs sopolamine nachrs Pe1 [9] [10] [19] Kenyon nachrs Heb Kenyon [20] 22 GABA(γ- ) Kenyon GABA A R [21] G [11] GABA B R GABA Rdl GABA B R / β / Rdl RdlR β γ β GABA B R [22] Rdl γ Rdl [12] Rdl [23] Rdl γ Rdl / [13,14] / β Kenyon [15] Kenyon γ EPSC excitatory postsynaptic potential [16] nachrs IPSC inhibitory postsynaptic potential GABAR [20,24] GABA GABA A R GABA B R GABA Rd1 21 Ach ( ) [22] Kenyon Kenyon GABA [17] [25] Ach N nachrs GABA

180 2009 [31] Periplaneta americana Glu [26] [17] GABA Octopam GABA 3 23 NO( ) [29] PKA camp-pka NO-cGMP NO NADPH NO [27] NO NADPH Kenyon NO Kenyon Ach NO Kenyon GABA NO Octopam NO camp-pka NO-cGMP sgc Kenyon - NO volume signal γ NO 3 NO [8] sgc Kenyon NO camp A PKA camp C PKC Ca 2+ / [28] Gryllus bimaculatus camp NOcGMP (References): camp NO-cGMP [1] STRAUSFELD N J HANSEN L LI Y S et al Evolution discovery and interpretations of arthropod mushroom bodies NO-cGMP camp [J] Learn Mem 1998 5 11-37 NO-cGMP [2] SCHURMANN F W The architecture of the mushroom bodies CNG Ca 2+ / CaM camp- and elated neuropils in the insect brain [C]//GUPTA A G experience[j] J Neurogenet 2007 21 4 LTP longterm potentiation NO NO-cGMP NMDA 2 Ca 2+ NMDA [30] NMDA NO-cGMP NO-cGMP NO Arthropod brain Its evolution development structure and functions New York John Wiley & Sons 1987 231-275 [3] TECHNAU G M Fiber number in the mushroom bodies of adult Drosophila melanogaster depends on age sex and 183-196 [4] MOLINA Y O'DONNELL S Mushroom body volume is related to social aggression and ovary development in the paperwasp Polistes instabilis[j] Brain Behav Evol 2007 70 137-144 [5] FAHRBACH S E Structure of the mushroom bodies of the insect brain[j] Annu Rev Entomol 2006 51 209-232 [6] GRONENBERG W Subdivisions of hymenopteran mushroom body calyces by their afferent supply[j] J Comp Neurol 2001 435 4 474-489 [7] SJOHOLM M SINAKEVITCH I IGNELL R et al Organization of Kenyon cells in subdivisions of the mushroom

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