Vocabulary to be learnt: through Section 6

Vocabulary to be learnt: through Section 6 nouns: first declension Ἀθῆναι, αἱ αἰτία, ἡ ἀλήθειᾰ, ἡ ἀνάγκη, ἡ Athens reason, cause, responsibility truth necessity ἀνάγκη ἐστί it is obligatory (for X, acc. or dat.) to (inf.) ἀνομία, ἡ ἀπορία, ἡ ἀρετή, ἡ ἀσέβειᾰ, ἡ βοή, ἡ γῆ, ἡ γνώμη, ἡ δεσπότης, ὁ διάνοιᾰ, ἡ δίκη, ἡ δόξᾰ, ἡ ἐλευθερία, ἡ lawlessness perplexity; lack of resources virtue, excellence irreverence to the gods shout land mind, purpose, judgment, plan master intention, plans lawsuit; penalty; justice reputation, opinion freedom εὐχή, ἡ ἡσυχία, ἡ θάλαττᾰ, ἡ θεά, ἡ θυσία, ἡ κεφαλή, ἡ κυβερνήτης, ὁ μαθητής, ὁ μάχη, ἡ ναυμαχία, ἡ ναύτης, ὁ νεανίας, ὁ νίκη, ἡ οἰκία, ἡ ὁμόνοιᾰ, ἡ ποιητής, ὁ σοφία, ἡ σοφιστής, ὁ στρατιά, ἡ σωτηρία, ἡ τέχνη, ἡ τόλμᾰ, ἡ prayer quiet, peace sea goddess sacrifice head captain, helmsman student fight, battle naval battle sailor young man victory, conquest house agreement, harmony poet wisdom sophist, thinker army safety skill, art, expertise daring 1

φιλοσοφία, ἡ φωνή, ἡ philosophy voice, language, speech nouns: second declension Ἄθηναῖος, ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὁ βάρβαρος, ὁ βίος, ὁ γάμος, ὁ δῆμος, ὁ διδάσκαλος, ὁ δοῦλος, ὁ ἔργ, τό ἥλιος, ὁ θεός, ὁ, ἡ ἱερόν, τό ἵππος, ὁ κίνδυνος, ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιος, ὁ λόγος, ὁ Athenian human being; fellow barbarian, non- Greek life, means of living, livelihood marriage people; deme teacher slave task, job sun god(-dess) sanctuary horse danger Spartan word, speech; story, tale; argument; reason νεανίσκος, ὁ νεκρός, ὁ νῆσος, ἡ νόμος, ὁ νόσος, ἡ νοῦς (νόος contr.) ἐν νῷ ἔχω ξένος/ξεῖνος, ὁ ὅπλα, τά οὐρανός, ὁ πλοῖ, τό πόλεμος, ὁ ποταμός, ὁ ῥαψῳδός, ὁ στρατηγός, ὁ υἱός, ὁ φίλος, ὁ φόβος, ὁ χωρί, τό young man corpse island law, convention plague, disease mind, sense intend, have in mind guest-friend, guest, host; stranger, foreigner weapons, arms sky, heavens ship war river rhapsode general son friend; kinsman fear place, space, region 2

nouns: third declension ἀνήρ (ἀνδρ-), ὁ ἄστυ, τό βασιλεύς, ὁ γείτων (γειτ-), ὁ γέρων (γερτ-), ὁ γυνή (γυναικ-), ἡ δαίμων (δαιμ-), ὁ Ἕλλην, ὁ Ζεύς ( ι-), ὁ κῆρυξ (κηρυκ-), ὁ κτῆμα (κτηματ-), τό λαμπάς (λαμπαδ-), ἡ λιμήν (λιμεν-), ὁ ναῦς, ἡ νύξ (νυκτ-), ἡ παῖς (παιδ-), ὁ πατήρ (πατ[ε]ρ-), ὁ man, husband city (of Athens) king neighbor old man woman, wife god, daimon Greek Zeus herald possession torch harbor ship night slave, child father πατρίς (πατριδ-), ἡ πλῆθος, τό πόλις, ἡ Ποσειδῶν (Ποσειδων-), ὁ πρᾶγμα (πραγματ-), τό Σωκράτης, ὁ σωτήρ (σωτηρ-), ὁ τάξις, ἡ ὕβρις, ἡ χρήματα, τά fatherland quantity, multitude, great number; crowd, mass, the people city(-state) Poseidon (voc. Πόσειδ, acc. Ποσειδῶ) thing; matter; affair; (pl.) troubles Socrates savior battle-array, order, rank aggression, violence money adjectives: first/second declension ἀγαθός ή όν ἄδικος ἀδύνατος good, noble, courageous unjust impossible 3

αἴτιος α (+ gen.) responsible (for), guilty (of) κάλλιστος η most/very fine/beautiful/good ἄλλος η ο other, the rest of καλός ή όν fine, beautiful; good ἀνδρεῖος α ἄριστος η βέβαιος α δεινός ή όν δεξιός ά όν δεξιά, ἡ δῆλος η δίκαιος α δύο ἐλεύθερος η ἐμός ή όν brave best; very good secure terrible; clever right right hand clear; obvious just two free my, mine μῶρος α ναυτικός ή όν νέος α ὀλίγος η ὅλος η ὁπόσος η ὀρθός ή όν ὅσος η πολέμιος α πολέμιοι, οἱ πότερος α ; stupid; foolish naval young small, few whole of how many straight, correct, right how great! hostile, enemy the enemy which (of two)? ἔμπειρος skilled, experienced πρῶτος η first ἕτερος α ἡμέτερος α θνητός ή όν κακός ή όν one (or the other) of two our mortal bad, evil, cowardly, lowly, mean ῥᾴδιος α σός ή όν σοφός ή όν ὑμέτερος α χρήσιμος η easy your (s.) wise, clever your (pl.) useful, profitable 4

χρηστός ή όν useful; (of people) good πολύς πολλή πολύ (πολλ-) much, many adjectives: third declension (first declension in fem. forms, in the case of 3-ending adjectives) ἀληθής ές ἀμαθής ές βαθύς εῖα ύ βαρύς εῖα ύ δυστυχής ές ἡδύς εῖα ύ ἥττων ἧττ (ἡττ-) κακοδαίμων κακόδαιμ (κακοδαιμ-) κρείττων κρεῖττ (κρειττ-) true (in nt. pl., the truth ) ignorant deep heavy unlucky sweet, pleasant lesser, weaker unlucky, dogged by an evil daimon stronger, greater adjectives: mixed second/third declensions (first decl. in fem. forms) μέγας μεγάλη μέγα (μεγαλ-) great, big adverbs in ως regularly formed from adjectives ἀκριβῶς βραδέως ἡδέως ἴσως οὕτω(ς) ῥᾳδίως σαφῶς ταχέως ψευδῶς accurately; closely slowly with pleasure, sweetly perhaps thus, so, in this way easily clearly quickly falsely pronouns and pronoun/adjectives ἀλλήλους αὐτός ή ό each other, one another (pron. in gen., dat., acc.) him, her, it, them; (intensive in nom. or in pred. position) self (myself, themselves, herself, etc.); (in attrib. position) the same 5

ἑαυτόν ἐγώ ἔγωγε ἐμαυτόν ἐκεῖνος η ο ἡμεῖς οὐδείς ουδεμία οὐδέν (οὐδεν-) οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο οὗτος σύ σεαυτόν τίς; τί; (τιν-) τις, τι ὑμεῖς himself Ι I; I at least/for my part myself that, (s)he, it we no; no one, nothing this, (s)he, it hey there! hey you! you (s.) yourself (s.) who? what? which (one[s])? a, a certain; someone, something you (pl.) thematic (-ω) verbs (if we know the simple verb and several compounds, they are listed together) ἄγω (ἀγαγ-) ἄγε ἀπάγω (ἀπαγαγ-) ἀκούω ἀποθνῄσκω (ἀποθαν-) lead, bring come! (s.) lead/take away hear, listen (+ gen. of person, + acc. of thing) die ἀποκτείνω (ἀποκτειν-) ἀποκρίνομαι (ἀποκριν-) ἀπορέω ἅπτω ἀτιμάζω ἀφικνέομαι (ἀφικ-) βαίνω (βα-) ἀναβαίνω (ἀναβα-) ἀποβαίνω (ἀποβα-) διαβαίνω (διαβα-) ἐμβαίνω (ἐμβα-) καταβαίνω (καταβα-) βιάζομαι kill answer be at a loss; have no resources fasten, fix; light dishonor, hold in dishonor arrive, come go/come, walk go/come up leave, depart cross embark go/come down use force; force βοηθέω run to help, help (+ dat.) βούλομαι γελάω (γελασ-) γίγνομαι (γεν-) γιγνώσκω (γνο-) wish, want laugh become; be; be born; happen; arise know; perceive; resolve 6

δεῖ δέχομαι δηλόω διαφθείρω (διαφθειρ-) διδάσκω διώκω δοκέω ἐκβάλλω (βαλ-) ἐλευθερόω ἐξευρίσκω (ἐξευρ-) ἐπαινέω (ἐπαινεσ-) ἕπομαι (ἑσπ-) it is necessary (for X, acc.) to (inf.) receive show, reveal destroy, kill; corrupt teach pursue seem; think; consider oneself to throw out free, set free find out praise follow ἐπέρχομαι (ἐπελθ-) ἐπανέρχομαι (ἐπανελθ-) προσέρχομαι (προσελθ-) ἐρωτάω (ἐρ-) εὑρίσκω (εὑρ-) εὔχομαι ἐχω (σχ-) ζητέω ἥδομαι θαυμάζω θεάομαι θύω καθεύδω καλέω κελεύω go against, attack (+ dat.) return advance, go/come towards ask find, come up with, devise, discover pray have; hold look for, seek enjoy, be pleased wonder at, be amazed at watch, gaze at sacrifice sleep call, summon order ἔρχομαι (ἐλθ-) ἐλθέ ἀπέρχομαι (ἀπελθ-) διέρχομαι (διελθ-) go, come come! (s.) depart, go away go through, relate κλέπτω κρατέω κωλύω λαμβάνω (λαβ-) steal hold sway/power (over, + gen.) prevent, stop take, capture εἰσέρχομαι (εἰσελθ-) enter λανθάνω (λαθ-) escape notice of X (acc.) in ing (part.) 7

λέγω (εἰπ-) εἰπέ διαλέγομαι λογίζομαι λύω μανθάνω (μαθ-) μάχομαι (μαχεσ-) μένω (μειν-) μισέω νικάω νομίζω οἰκέω οἴομαι (contr. οἶμαι, contr. imf. ᾤμην) ὁμολογέω ὁράω (ἰδ-) ἰδού παίζω (πρός + acc.) πάσχω (παθ-) say; speak; tell; mean speak! tell me! converse reckon, calculate, consider release learn, understand fight (+ dat.) remain; wait for hate win, defeat consider, think, acknowledge dwell (in), live think agree see look! here! hey! play; joke (at) suffer, experience, undergo παύομαι πείθω πείθομαι (πιθ-) πειράομαι (πειρασ-) πίπτω (πεσ-) ἐμπίπτω (ἐμπεσ-) πλέω (πλευσ-) ποιέω κακά/ κακῶς ποιέω πορεύομαι ῥίπτω σιωπάω σκοπέω σπεύδω σῴζω τιμάω τολμάω τρέπομαι (τραπ-) τρέχω (δραμ-) stop (intrans.) persuade obey (+ dat.); believe, trust in (+ dat.) try, test fall, die fall into, on (+ ἐν or εἰς) sail make; do treat badly; do harm to (+ acc.) march, journey, go throw be silent look (at), consider hurry save honor dare, be daring, undertake turn, turn in flight run παύω stop (trans.) 8

τυγχάνω (τυχ-) τύπτω φαίνομαι (φαν-) ἀποφαίνω φέρω (ἐνεγκ-) φεύγω (φυγ-) ἀποφεύγω (ἀποφυγ-) φθάνω φιλέω φοβέομαι φρτίζω φυλάττω χωρέω ἀποχωρέω happen to be ing, be actually ing (+ nom. part.) strike, hit appear, seem; clearly/manifestly/ obviously be (+ part.) reveal, show carry, bear run off; flee escape, run off anticipate X (acc.) in ing (nom. part.) love, kiss fear, be afraid (of) think; worry guard go, come go away, depart athematic (-μι) verbs and οἶδα δύναμαι εἰμί ἔνειμι πάρειμι be able be be in be present, be at hand εἶμι (inf. ἰέναι, imf. ᾖα) [ἠμί] ἦν δ ἐγώ ἦ δ ὅς οἶδα (pf. with pres. meaning) εἰδώς (εἰδότ-) υῖα ός τίθημι (θε-) φημί (ἔφην, imf. with aor. meaning) φωνέω shall go [say] I said he said know knowing (ppl. of οἶδα) put, place say speak, utter adverbs, conjunctions, particles, etc. ἀεί ἀλλά ἅμα ἄρα ἆρα? αὖθις γάρ γε always but at the same time then, in that case (inferring, aha!) again for at least, at any rate 9

δέ δεῦρο δή διότι ἐγγύς εἰ εἶτα ἔνδ ἐπειδή and here, over here then, indeed because nearby; (+ gen.) near if then, next inside when, since, because μή ναί νῦν οἴκαδε οἴκοι οἴμοι ὅπου ὅτε ὅτι not; don t (with imv.) yes now homewards at home alas! oh dear! where when that ἔπειτα then, next οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ no; not ἔτι still, yet οὐδέ and not ἔτι καὶ νῦν even now, still now οὐδέποτε never εὖ well οὐδέπω not yet εὐθύς ἤ ἤδη καί καὶ δὴ καί καίπερ μάλιστα at once, straightaway or; than by now, now already and; also and moreover although (+ part.) especially; particularly; yes οὐκέτι οὐκοῦν οὔκουν οὖν οὔπω οὔτε οὔτε πάλιν πάνυ πόθεν; no longer therefore not...therefore so, then, therefore not yet neither nor back, again very (much); at all from where? μέν δέ μέντοι on the one hand on the other however, but ποῖ; πολλάκις where to? often 10

πόρρω ποτέ πότερ ἤ ποῦ; πρῶτ πως τε καί τέλος τί; τότε ὦ ὡς ὥσπερ far, far off (+ gen., from); forwards, further (+ gen., into) once, ever whether or where? first, at first somehow A and B, both A and B in the end, finally why? then O (addressing someone) as; how!; that like, as prepositions ἀπό (+ gen.) διά (+ acc.) εἰς (+ acc.) ἐκ (+ gen.) ἐν (+ dat.) ἐπί (+ acc.) κατά (+ acc.) μετά (+ acc.) παρά (+ acc.) περί (+ acc.) πρός (+ acc.) from; away from because of to, into, onto out of in; on; among against, at, to in, on, by, according to after along, beside about to; towards 11