2 / 3 50 2011, 23(1): 53 64 The E#ect of Wives Contributions to Family Income on Husbands Gender Role Attitudes: Interaction Based on the Socioeconomic Status of Husbands Naoko Shima Abstract Previous research has found that men s attitudes toward gender roles are strongly associated with their wives employment status. Men in dual-earner couples are likely to have more egalitarian views than men in male-breadwinner, single-earner couples. According to research in the United States, husbands in dual-earner couples, particularly husbands with lower socioeconomic status, tend to be resistant to the idea of gender equality for fear of losing power in the marital relationship. This paper examines the impact of wives contributions to family income on husbands gender role attitudes in Japan. The paper focuses on the di#ering e#ect of the socioeconomic status of husbands. Analysis based on data available from the National Family Research of Japan (2003, 2008) found that in dual-earner couples in which wives income constitutes half or more than half of the family earnings, husbands with lower rather than higher socioeconomic status tend to support the gendered division of labor. Key words: husbands gender role attitudes, wives contribution to family income, socioeconomic status of husbands 2011, Japanese Journal of Family Sociology, 23(1): 53 64 Sophia Junior College, 999 Kamiodukisannodai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257 0005, Japan E-mail: nshima0921@mountain.ocn.ne.jp 53
I. 80 2005 1991 Zuo Tang (Zuo and Tang 2000) 2 (NFRJ 03) 3 (NFRJ08) (1) II. Cassidy and Warren 1996; Coltrane 1996; Ferber 1982; Masonand Lu 1988; 2005; Smith 1985; Wilkie 1993; 1998; Zuo 1997 Zuo Tang (Zuo and Tang 2000). (Mirowsky 1987) 54
23 1 2011. 4 (Hochschild 1989 1990; Komarovsky 1962; Rosen 1987; Rubin 1976) (Hood 1983; Weiss 1987). Zuo (Zuo 1997; Zuo and Tang 2000). 1991; Powell and Steelman 1982; 2005; Ulbrich 1988; Wilkie 1993; Willinger 1993; Zuo 1997 1991; Ferber 1982; Powell and Steelman 1982; Mason and Lu 1988; Wilkie 1993; Zuo 1997 55
(Connell 1995; Hochschild 1989 1990) (Willis 1977 1985) 1998 1 1994 III. 1. (2) (3) 2004 1 2 2 (NFRJ03) 2009 1 2 3 (NFRJ 08) NFRJ03/NFRJ08 NFRJ03 1926 1975 2 10,000 6,302 63.0 NFRJ08 1936 1980 2 9,400 5,203 55.4 65 (4) NFRJ 03 1,744 NFRJ 08 1,468 2. 1 100 100 129 130 199 200 299 300 399 400 499 500 599 600 699 700 799 800 899 900 999 1,000 1,099 1,100 1,199 1,200 0 1,200 1,250 / 0 1,200 1,250 3 4 1 NFRJ03/08 NFRJ03 a.718, NFRJ08 a.758 56
23 1 2011. 4 NFRJ03 1.920 64.0 NFRJ08 2.023 67.4 NFRJ03/08 1 NFRJ08 n 1,414 NFRJ03/08 3 200 2 0 32.9 (28.9 ) 25 39.7 (42.4 ) 25 50 17.9 (18.7 ) IV. 50 9.5 (9.9 ) NFRJ03 n 1,634/NFRJ08 n 1,410 NFRJ03/ 1. 08 7 4 1 NFRJ03 NFRJ08 20 2.6 (2.4 ) 30 22.7 (21.7 ) 40 27.2 (26.7 ) 50 33.5 (32.9 ) 60 14.0 (16.3 ) NFRJ03 n 1744 / NFRJ 08 n 1468 10.4 (8.3 ) 41.1 (43.5 ) 50 1 8.5 (9.5 ) 5.4 (3.4 ) 11.6 (11.8 ) 32.2 (32.1 ) 6 2.4 37.0 (41.8 ) (3.2 ) NFRJ03 n 1732/NFRJ08 n 1456 399 30.0 (31.8 ) 400 599 31.2 (30.4 ) 600 799 18.9 (19.2 ) 800 19.9 (18.6 ) NFRJ03 n 1655/NFRJ08 n 1444 16.5 (20.6 ) 13.3 (12.4 ) 18.2 (15.2 ) 25.4 (23.7 ) 26.0 (22.6 ) NFRJ03 n 1,741/NFRJ08 n 1,458 3 37.6 (35.7 ) 36.9 (38.0 ) 14.2 (14.5 ) 11.3 (11.8 ) NFRJ03 n 1,732/NFRJ08 n 1,460 14.9 (13.4 ) 34.9 (35.0 ) 1.9 (3.2 ) 36.3 0.2 (0.2 ) NFRJ03 n (39.3 ) 43.5 1717/NFRJ08 n 1464 NFRJ03 NFRJ08 32.6 (28.9 ), (42.1 ) 11.1 (10.1 ) 9.1 (8.5 ) NFRJ03 n 1737/NFRJ08 n 1457 NFRJ03 NFRJ08 100 30.4 (29.4 ) 100 199 17.3 (18.6 ) 200 399 11.8 (14.0 ) 400 1 3 599 4.0 (5.5 ) 600 3.9 (3.6 ) NFRJ03 n 1,653 / 57
4 8 2. 1 1 4 NFRJ03/08 NFRJ08 NFRJ03/08 NFRJ03/08 3 NFRJ08 p.10 4 NFRJ03 2 p.10 NFRJ03 (n 892,51.6 ) (n 840,48.4 ) 0 25 25 50 50 4 2 (F 1.859, df 3, n.s.) 50 50 1 1 (5) NFRJ03/08 NFRJ03 n 888, 51.8 /NFRJ08 n 756, 51.7 NFRJ 03 n 1 1 2 3 4 NFRJ03 NFRJ08 NFRJ03 NFRJ08 NFRJ03 NFRJ08 NFRJ03 NFRJ08.166.163.165.163.164.161.161.161.012.063.029.060.014.063.012.066.021.021.024.021.034.064.024.023.028.020.026.020.027.023.020.045.275.293.031.272.341.340.185.160.246.021 ( ).111.077.103.153 R2.093.110.095.110.097.112.096.117 R2.090.107.091.106.093.108.093.113 n 1564 1372 1564 1372 1564 1372 1564 1372 F p.001 p.001 p.001 p.001 p.001 p.001 p.001 p.001 ( p.10, p.05, p.01, p.001) 58
23 1 2011. 4 1 59
826,48.2 /NFRJ08 n 705, 48.3 0 25 25 50 50 4 2 NFRJ03 F 3.321, df 3, p.05/nfrj08 F 2.576, df 3, p.10 1 2a 2b NFRJ03 0 25 NFRJ08 0 25 25 50 NFRJ03 25 50 50 NFRJ08 50 NFRJ03/08 399 NFRJ03 n 497, 30.0 / NFRJ08 n 459, 31.8 400 NFRJ 03 n 1158,70.0 / NFRJ 08 n 985, 68.2 0 25 25 50 50 4 2 NFRJ03 F 6.359,df 3, p.001/ NFRJ08 F 6.723, df 3, p.001 1 3a 3b NFRJ03 0 25 399 25 50 50 399 NFRJ08 399 25 50 50 50 V. NFRJ08 (Zuo and Tang 2000) 400 60
23 1 2011. 4 399 50 Zuo Tang (Zuo and Tang 2000) 50 1 (Zuo and Tang 2000) Zuo Tang 61
50 (Hochschild 1989 1990; Komarovsky 1962; Rosen 1987; Rubin 1976) 50 2 (NFRJ03) SSJ 3 (NFRJ08) 1 NFRJ08 2010 7 4 (1) 1 (NFRJ98) 2 (NFRJ03)/ 3 (NFRJ08) 2 (NFRJ 03) 3 (NFRJ08) (2) 14 (NFRJ 03) / 18 (NFRJ 08) (3) II. 1 VIF Variance Inflation Factor VIF 2 62
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