Contents Preliminary on Watermarking Technology Part I Signal Watermarking 2 Audio Watermarking

Transcript

1 Contents 1 Preliminary on Watermarking Technology Overview Fundamentals of Digital Watermarking Requirements of Digital Watermarking Robustness of Digital Watermarking Capacity of Digital Watermarking Imperceptibility of Digital Watermarking Tamper Resistance Computational Cost False Positive Rate False Negative Rate Zero Watermarking Applications of Digital Watermarking Book Structure References Part I Signal Watermarking 2 Audio Watermarking Introduction Transmission Channel Audio Watermarking Techniques Temporal Domain Frequency Domain Coded Domain Embedding Approach Embedding Before Encoding (Pre-encoding) Embedding During Encoding (in-encoder) Embedding After Encoding (Post-encoder) Audio Attacks Dynamics xi

2 xii Contents Filter Ambience Conversion Loss Compression Noise Modulation Time Stretch and Pitch Shift Sample Permutations Comparison Among Different Audio Watermarking Methods References Speech Watermarking Introduction Speech Versus Audio Linear Predictive Analysis (LPA) Speech Watermarking Techniques Speech Watermarking Based on Auditory Masking Speech Watermarking Based on Phase Modulation Speech Watermarking Based on Quantization Speech Watermarking Based on Transformation Speech Watermarking Based on Parametric Modeling Attacks for Speech Watermarking Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Low-Pass Filter (LPF) Band-Pass Filter (BPF) A-Law µ-law CELP Amplitude Variation Resample Requantization Challenges in Speech Watermarking References Part II Multimedia Watermarking 4 Image Watermarking Introduction Background Image Watermarking Techniques Spatial Domain Transform Domain Multiple Domains Image Attacks Challenges in Image Watermarking Image Watermarking Based on Human Visual System

3 Contents xiii 4.7 Medical Image Watermarking References Video Watermarking Introduction Background of Video Video Watermarking Techniques Image-Based Video Watermarking Video-Based Video Watermarking Video Watermarking Attacks Temporal Frame Averaging (TFA) Watermark Estimation Remodulation (WER) Watermark Estimations Clustering and Remodulation (WECR) Watermarking Subspace Estimation Draining (WSED) Block Replacement (BR) Block Combination Block Projection Block Restoration Block Swapping Video-Enforced Strategies SS System SS-1 System SS-N System SS-α System Discussion Critical Review in Video Watermarking References Three-Dimensional (3D) Watermarking Introduction D Modeling Representation Background of 3D Watermarking Attacks in 3D Watermarking Techniques in 3D Watermarking Fragile 3D Watermarking Robust 3D Watermarking Distortion Evaluation in 3D Watermarking References Part III Document Watermarking 7 Natural Language Watermarking Introduction Background of Natural Language Processing Data Resources Linguistic Transformations

4 xiv Contents Natural Language Parsing Word Sense Disambiguation Statistical Language Models Natural Language Generation Natural Language Paraphrasing Natural Language Watermarking Requirements of NL Watermarking Natural Language Watermarking Techniques NL Watermarking Versus Text Watermarking References Text Watermarking Introduction Background of Text Watermarking Attacks in Text Watermarking Text Watermarking Robustness Text Watermarking Techniques Image-Based Approach Syntactic Approach Semantic Approach Structural Approach Hybrid Approach Discussion Summary References Software Watermarking Introduction Background of Software Watermarking Formal Representation of Software Watermarking Software Watermarking Criteria Software Watermarking Techniques Basic Blocking Reordering Technique Register Allocation Technique Spread Spectrum Technique Opaque Predicate Technique Threading Technique Abstract Interpretation Technique Metamorphic Technique Dynamic Path Technique Mobile Agent Technique Graph-Based Technique Birthmarks Technique Attacks in Software Watermarking Discussion References

5 Contents xv 10 Relational Database, XML, and Ontology Watermarking Introduction Issues in Relational Database Watermarking Database Watermarking Attacks Database Watermarking Techniques Distortion-Based Watermarking Distortion-Free Watermarking Types of Digital Watermark Arbitrary Meaningless Bit Pattern Image Speech Content Characteristics Cloud Model Meaningful Information Fake Tuples Virtual Attribute Extension of Database Watermarking to XML Watermarking Preliminary in XML Data XML Watermarking Query-Based XML Watermarking Fuzzy Queries XML Watermarking XML Watermarking Attacks Extension of Database Watermarking to Ontology Watermarking Ontology Watermarking References Part IV Advance in Watermarking 11 Network Stream Watermarking Introduction Network Traffic Modeling Network Watermark Properties Network Watermarking Techniques Network Flow Watermarking Watermarks in Anonymous Systems Watermarks in Stepping Stones Interval Centroid-Based Watermarking Interval-Based Watermarking Spread-Spectrum Watermarking Network Watermarking Attacks Active Attack Copy Attack Ambiguity Attacks Packet Modification Attack

6 xvi Contents 11.6 Watermarking Strategy Single-Message Watermarks Multi-message Watermarks Multiple Messages Types of Adversaries Invisibility with Isolated Adversaries Invisibility with Chosen Flow Adversaries References Hardware IP Watermarking Introduction Background of SOC Design Flow Reusable and Deliverable IP Blocks Hardware IP Watermarking Techniques Dynamic IP Watermarking Technique Static IP Watermarking Technique Hierarchical IP Watermarking Technique Attack on IP Watermarking Criterion in IP Watermarking Discussion References Security Enhancement of Digital Watermarking Introduction Digital Watermarking Application Scenarios for Online Biometric Recognition Systems Stenographic (Covert) Communication Multi-biometric Recognition Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) Sample Replay Prevention Sample Authentication Biometric Watermarking Quantum Watermarking DNA Watermarking Application of Watermarking in Financial Systems Robustness Versus Security References

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