Homer Iliad book 3 (fragment, lines 1-75)

Transcript

1 From the SelectedWorks of E. H. Campbell Spring March 20, 2018 Homer Iliad book 3 (fragment, lines 1-75) Mr. Edward H. Campbell This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY International License. Available at:

2 1 A New Translation with Text and Commentary, by E. H. Campbell Draft 1.0, March 2018 Selected Works of E. H. Campbell: Steamboat Springs, CO

3 2 Copyright 2018 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

4 3 Iliad Book III Helen Reviews the Champions 1 1 Homeri Opera in five volumes, Oxford, Oxford University Press, The text here is the same as the Oxford version though I have radically altered the capitalization and punctuation of that document to suit my purposes, neither of which are sacred.

5 4 Αὐτὰρ 2 ἐπεὶ κόσμηθεν 3 ἅμ 4 ἡγεμόνεσσιν 5 ἕκαστοι, 6 Τρῶες 7 μὲν κλαγγῇ 8 τ ἐνοπῇ 9 τ ἴσαν 10 ὄρνιθες 11 ὣς ἠΰτε 12 περ 13 κλαγγὴ γεράνων 14 πέλει 15 οὐρανόθι 16 πρό, αἵ τ ἐπεὶ οὖν χειμῶνα 17 φύγον 18 καὶ ἀθέσφατον 19 ὄμβρον 20 (5) κλαγγῇ ταί 21 γε πέτονται 22 ἐπ Ὠκεανοῖο 23 ῥοάων 24 ἀνδράσι 25 Πυγμαίοισι 26 φόνον 27 καὶ Κῆρα 28 φέρουσαι, 29 ἠέριαι 30 δ ἄρα ταί 31 γε κακὴν ἔριδα 32 προφέρονται Partic., but nevertheless. 3 3rd pl. aor. pass. ind. of κοσμέω, to put in order or to arrange; to arrange or marshal troops into a formation for battle. 4 Adv. (ἅμα), at once, at the same time; together with. 5 masc. dat. pl. of ἡγεμών, the Hegemon, the one who leads. 6 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἕκαστος, each. 7 masc. nom. pl. of Τρώς, Tros the founder of Troy, a Trojan. 8 fem. dat. sing. of κλαγγή, any sharp sound, the clang of a bell, the twang of a bow, the screech of a bird, etc. 9 fem. dat. sing. of ἐνοπή, crying, or screaming. 10 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἶμι. 11 masc. nom. pl. of ὄρνις, a bird. 12 Partic., like or as. 13 Partic., all. 14 fem. gen. pl. of γέρανος, a crane. 15 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of πέλω, to be in motion. 16 Adv., in the heavens, in the sky. 17 masc. acc. sing. of χειμών, winter. 18 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of φεύγω, to flee, to take flight, to run away. 19 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀθέσφατος, beyond even a god's power to express; unutterable, or unspeakable. ἀθέσφατος = ἀ - θεός + φημί = not to be said even by a God. (Cf., Autenrieth, Georg, A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers: 1891) 20 masc. acc. sing. of ὄμβρος, a rain storm, a snow storm, or a thunder storm. 21 Art., fem. dat. sing. of ὁ. 22 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. in. of πέτομαι, to fly. 23 masc. gen. sing. of Ὠκεανός, Oceanus, the Ocean River that encircles the globe as opposed to the Mediterranean Sea and separated from it by the Pillars of Heracles. 24 fem. gen. pl. of ῥοή, a river, or a stream. 25 masc. dat. pl. of ἀνήρ, a man, opp. to a woman; Lat. vir. 26 masc. dat. pl. of Πυγμαῖοι, the Pygmies. 27 masc. acc. sing. of φόνος, murder, slaughter. 28 fem. acc. sing. of Κήρ, Goddess Death. 29 fem. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of φέρω. 30 Adj., fem. dat sing. of ἠέριος, the dawn, or early morning. 31 Art., fem. nom. pl. of ὁ. 32 fem. acc. sing. of ἔρις, a strife, quarrel, or contention. 33 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of προφέρω, to bring before, to present, to offer.

6 5 But nevertheless, once the men had been arranged for battle under commanders The Trojan flocks advanced with a shouts and cries Like the sound of cranes stirred up into the sky When they take flight in an unspeakable winter storm, With a clang they fly up over the Ocean River And bring murder and Goddess Death upon the Man Pygmies, And at dawn they put up an awful fight.

7 6 Οἳ δ ἄρ ἴσαν 34 σιγῇ 35 μένεα 36 πνείοντες 37 Ἀχαιοὶ 38 ἐν θυμῷ 39 μεμαῶτες 40 ἀλεξέμεν 41 ἀλλήλοισιν. 42 (10) Εὖτ 43 ὄρεος 44 κορυφῇσι 45 Νότος 46 κατέχευεν 47 ὀμίχλην 48 ποιμέσιν 49 οὔ τι φίλην, 50 κλέπτῃ 51 δέ τε νυκτὸς 52 ἀμείνω, 53 τόσσόν 54 τίς 55 τ ἐπιλεύσσει 56 ὅσον τ ἐπὶ λᾶαν 57 ἵησιν, 58 ὣς ἄρα τῶν ὑπὸ ποσσὶ 59 κονίσαλος 60 ὄρνυτ ἀελλὴς 61 ἐρχομένων, 62 μάλα δ ὦκα διέπρησσον 63 πεδίοιο rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἶμι. 35 fem. dat. sing. of σιγή, silence. 36 neut. pl of μένος, might, force. 37 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of πνέω, of wind, a blow, blast, or breeze; a breath. 38 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of Ἀχαιός, an Achaean. 39 masc. dat. sing. of θυμός, the heart, the soul, or the spirit. 40 masc. nom. pl. perf. act. part. of μέμαα, to wish, desire, or yearn for very strongly. 41 pres. act. inf. of ἀλέξω, to ward off, to turn aside. 42 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of ἀλλήλων, to or from one another. 43 Conj. (εὖτε), when, at the time when. 44 neut. gen. sing. of ὄρος, a mountain. 45 fem. dat. pl. of κορυφή, a mountain peak. 46 masc. nom. sing. of Νότος, Notos, the south wind. 47 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of καταχέω, to pour down upon. 48 fem. acc. sing. of ὁμίχλη, a mist or a fog. 49 masc. dat. pl. of ποιμήν, a herdsman. 50 fem. acc. sing. of φίλος, dear, beloved. 51 masc. dat. sing. of κλέπτης, a thief. 52 fem. gen. sing. of νύξ, night. 53 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of ἀμείνων, better. 54 adj., neut. sing. of τόσος. 55 Pron., masc. nom. sing. of τις. 56 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐπιλεύσσω, to look towards or at, τόσσον τίς τ ἐπιλεύσσει = one can only see so far before one. (Liddell and Scott) 57 masc. acc. sing. of λᾶας, a stone. 58 3rd sing. pres. act. subj. of ἵημι, to throw, to cast, or to hurl. 59 masc. dat. pl. of πούς, a foot. 60 masc. nom. sing. of κονίσαλος, a cloud of dust. 61 fem. gen. sing. of ἄελλα, a stormy wind, a whirlwind. 62 masc. gen. pl. of ἔρχομαι, to come or to go. 63 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of διαπράσσω, to pass over. 64 neut. gen. sing. of πεδίον, a plain.

8 7 But the Achaeans on the other hand advanced in silence, like a mighty wind, And in their hearts, they yearned to turn aside from one another At a when from a mountain with peaks Notos poured down a fog upon them, Which is not something dear to the herdsmen, but to a thief is better than night, And it s so strong that someone can only see as far as they can throw a rock, Thus was the cloud of dust raised like a whirlwind by the feet of the men marching, And they passed over the plain very quickly.

9 8 (15) Οἳ δ ὅτε 65 δὴ σχεδὸν 66 ἦσαν 67 ἐπ ἀλλήλοισιν 68 ἰόντες, 69 Τρωσὶν 70 μὲν προμάχιζεν 71 Ἀλέξανδρος 72 Θεοειδὴς 73 παρδαλέην 74 ὤμοισιν 75 ἔχων 76 καὶ καμπύλα 77 τόξα 78 καὶ ξίφος, 79 αὐτὰρ δοῦρε 80 δύω 81 κεκορυθμένα 82 χαλκῷ 83 πάλλων 84 Ἀργείων 85 προκαλίζετο 86 πάντας 87 ἀρίστους 88 (20) ἀντίβιον 89 μαχέσασθαι 90 ἐν αἰνῇ 91 δηϊοτῆτι Conj., when. 66 Adv., nearby. 67 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 68 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of ἀλλήλων. 69 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of εἶμι. 70 masc. dat. pl. of Τρώς. 71 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of προμαχίζω, to fight out in front as a champion. 72 masc. nom. sing. of Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexander. 73 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of Θεοειδής, Godlike. 74 fem. acc. sing. of παρδαλέη, a leopard-skin. 75 masc. dat. pl. of ὦμος, the shoulder and the upper arm. 76 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἔχω. 77 Adj., neut. pl. of καμπύλος, bent, or curved. 78 neut. pl. of τόξον, a bow; in pl., a bow and arrows. 79 neut. sing. of ξίφος, a sword. 80 neut. dual of δόρυ, a spear. 81 Numeral, two. 82 neut. pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of κορύσσω, furnished with a helmet; with a head or a point. 83 neut. dat. sing. of χαλκός, copper. 84 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of πάλλω, poise, or sway. 85 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of Ἀργεῖος, an Argive. 86 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of προκαλίζομαι, to call forth so as to challenge someone. 87 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of πᾶς, all. 88 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of ἄριστος, best. 89 neut. sing. of ἀντίβιος, opposing force to force. 90 aor. mid. inf. of μάχομαι, to fight. 91 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of αἰνός, dreadful, dire, or grim. 92 fem. dat. sing. of δηιοτής, battle-strife, battle, death.

10 9 And when they got close they came upon one another, And as their champion the Godlike Alexander was fighting out in front of the Trojans Wearing a leopard-skin, a bent bow and arrows, and a sword on his shoulders, And besides that, a pair of spears with bronze points, Swaggering about, opposing force to force, he called forth To challenge all of the best of the Argives to fight in a dreadful battle.

11 10 Τὸν δ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησεν 93 ἀρηΐφιλος 94 Μενέλαος 95 ἐρχόμενον 96 προπάροιθεν 97 ὁμίλου 98 μακρὰ 99 βιβάντα, 100 ὥς τε λέων 101 ἐχάρη 102 μεγάλῳ 103 ἐπὶ σώματι 104 κύρσας 105 εὑρὼν 106 ἢ ἔλαφον 107 κεραὸν 108 ἢ ἄγριον 109 αἶγα 110 (25) πεινάων, 111 μάλα γάρ τε κατεσθίει, 112 εἴ περ ἂν αὐτὸν σεύωνται 113 ταχέες 114 τε κύνες 115 θαλεροί 116 τ αἰζηοί, rd sing. aor. act. ind. of νοέω, to perceive by the eyes, observe, notice; to think out, devise, contrive, purpose, intend. 94 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀρηίφιλος, Dear to Ares. 95 masc. nom. sing. of Μενέλαος, Menalaus. 96 masc. acc. sing. pres. mid. pass. part. of ἔρχομαι. 97 Prep. + gen., before, in front of. 98 masc. gen. sing. of ὅμιλος, any assembled crowd, throng of people. 99 Adj., neut. pl. of μακρός, long. 100 masc. acc. sing. of βιβάω, a stride. 101 masc. nom. sing. of λέων, a lion rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of χαίρω, to rejoice and be glad. 103 Adj., neut. dat. sing. of μέγας, big. 104 neut. dat. sing. of σῶμα, a body, or an animal carcass. 105 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of κυρέω, to hit upon, or to light upon. 106 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εὑρίσκω, to find. 107 masc. acc. sing. of ἔλαφος, a deer. 108 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of κεραός, horned, or antlered. 109 adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἄγριος, living in the fields, wild, savage. 110 masc. acc. sing. of αἴξ, a goat. 111 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of πεινάω, to be hungry rd sing. pres. act. ind. of κατεσθίω, to devour, or to eat up entirely rd pl. pres. mid./pass. subj. of σεύω, in Mid. and Pass., to run, rush, dart or shoot along. 114 adj., masc. nom pl. of ταχύς, swift, fleet. 115 fem. nom. pl. of κύων, a dog. 116 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of θαλερός, stout, sturdy, buxom. 117 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of αἰζηός, in full bodily strength, vigorous.

12 11 And right then as a matter of fact, Menelaus Dear to Ares and, noticing him. Made long strides and came out before the entire crowd of men Just as a lion rejoices big when lighting upon a carcass, Or being hungry finds an antlered stag or a wild goat, For he very much devours it, Even if swift dogs and strong and sturdy men are set upon him,

13 12 ὣς ἐχάρη 118 Μενέλαος Ἀλέξανδρον 119 Θεοειδέα 120 ὀφθαλμοῖσιν 121 ἰδών, 122 φάτο 123 γὰρ τίσεσθαι 124 ἀλείτην, 125 αὐτίκα 126 δ ἐξ ὀχέων 127 σὺν 128 τεύχεσιν 129 ἆλτο 130 χαμᾶζε. 131 (30) Τὸν δ ὡς οὖν 132 ἐνόησεν 133 Ἀλέξανδρος Θεοειδὴς ἐν προμάχοισι 134 φανέντα, 135 κατεπλήγη 136 φίλον 137 ἦτορ, 138 ἂψ 139 δ ἑτάρων 140 εἰς ἔθνος 141 ἐχάζετο 142 κῆρ 143 ἀλεείνων rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of χαίρω. 119 masc. acc. sing. of Ἀλέξανδρος. 120 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of Θεοειδής. 121 masc. dat. pl. of ὀφθαλμός, the eye. 122 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶδον, to see rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of φημί, to declare, make known; and so, to say, affirm, assert. 124 fut. mid. inf. of τίνω, to pay a price, pay a penalty. 125 masc. acc. sing. of ἀλείτης, a culprit. 126 Adv., forthwith, at once, in a moment. 127 masc. gen. pl. of ὄχος, a carriage, wagon, or chariot. 128 Prep. + dat., with. 129 neut. dat. pl. of τεῦχος, tool, implement; implements of war, arms rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἅλλομαι, to leap, spring, or bound. 131 Adv., to the ground, on the ground. 132 Partic., certainly, in fact rd sing. aor. act. ind. of νοέω. 134 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of πρόμαχος. 135 masc. acc. sing. aor. pass. part. of φαίνω, to bring to light, make to appear; to show forth, reveal, make known rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of καταπλήσσω, to strike down: metaph. to strike with amazement, astound, terrify. 137 Adj., neut. sing. of φίλος. 138 neut. sing. of ἦτορ, the heart. 139 Adv., back, backwards. 140 masc. gen. pl. of ἑταῖρος, a champion, a comrade. 141 neut. pl. of ἔθνος a number of people accustomed to live together, a company, a body of men rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of χάζω, in Mid., to give way, draw or shrink back, retire. 143 fem. dat. sing. of Κήρ. 144 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἀλεείνω, to avoid, to shun.

14 13 And so Menelaus rejoiced when he looked Godlike Alexander in the eyes, For he vowed that the culprit would pay the price, And at once with his weapons he leapt from his chariot on to the ground. But when the Godlike Alexander saw him as he appeared for the fight out in front, His dear heart was terrified, and, fearing Goddess Death, He fell back into the throng of his comrades.

15 14 Ὡς δ ὅτε τίς τε δράκοντα 145 ἰδὼν 146 παλίνορσος 147 ἀπέστη 148 οὔρεος 149 ἐν βήσσῃς, 150 ὑπό τε τρόμος 151 ἔλλαβε 152 γυῖα, 153 (35) ἂψ δ ἀνεχώρησεν, 154 ὦχρός 155 τέ μιν 156 εἷλε 157 παρειάς, 158 ὣς αὖτις 159 καθ ὅμιλον 160 ἔδυ 161 Τρώων ἀγερώχων 162 δείσας 163 Ἀτρέος 164 υἱὸν Ἀλέξανδρος Θεοειδής. 145 masc. acc. sing. of δράκων, a dragon, a serpent, or a snake. 146 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶδον. 147 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of παλίνορσος, back, backwards rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀφεστήξω, to be absent from, to be away from. 149 neut. gen. sing. of ὄρος. 150 fem. dat. pl. of βῆσσα, a wooded comb or glen; a valley or hollow, often wooded and with no river. (Wikipedia) 151 masc. nom. sing. of τρόμος, trembling, quaking, quivering rd sing. aor. act. ind. of λαμβάνω, to take hold of, grasp, seize. 153 neut. pl. of γυῖον, a limb of the body rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀναχωρέω, to go back; to retire or withdraw from battle. 155 masc. nom. sing. of ὦχρος, paleness. 156 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of μιν, him, his rd sing. aor. act. ind. of αἱρέω, to take hold of with the hand, to grasp, or to seize. 158 fem. acc. pl. of παρειά, the cheek. 159 Adv. (αὖθις), back, back again. 160 masc. acc. sing. of ὅμιλος, 161 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of δύω, to cause to sink. 162 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of ἀγέρωχος, high-minded, lordly. 163 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of δείδω, to fear. 164 masc. gen. sing. of Ἀτρεύς, Atreus.

16 15 Just like when someone sees snake in a mountain combe, He recoiled backwards, and a trembling seized his limbs, And he retired from battle, and a pallidness seized upon his cheeks, Thus did the Godlike Alexander fearing the Son of Atreus Sink back again into the throng of the High Minded Trojans.

17 16 Τὸν δ Ἕκτωρ νείκεσσεν 165 ἰδὼν 166 αἰσχροῖς 167 ἐπέεσσιν: 168 Δύσπαρι 169 εἶδος 170 ἄριστε 171 γυναιμανὲς 172 ἠπεροπευτὰ 173 (40) αἴθ 174 ὄφελες 175 ἄγονός 176 τ ἔμεναι 177 ἄγαμός 178 τ ἀπολέσθαι, 179 καί κε τὸ βουλοίμην, 180 καί κεν πολὺ 181 κέρδιον 182 ἦεν 183 ἢ οὕτω 184 λώβην 185 τ ἔμεναι καὶ ὑπόψιον 186 ἄλλων rd sing. aor. act. ind. of νεικέω, to rail at, abuse, upbraid, revile; to wrangle with, or to quarrel with. 166 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶδον. 167 Adj., neut. pl. of αἰσχρός, causing shame, dishonoring, reproachful; causing shame, abusive. 168 neut. dat. pl. of ἔπος, a tale, a story, or a lay; a pledged word, or a promise; a word of advice, or a counsel; the word of a deity, a prophecy, or an oracle; a saying, saw, proverb; the meaning, substance, subject of a speech, a thing or matter; in pl. poetry in heroic verse, epic poetry. (Liddell and Scott) In pl. ἔπεα: word, words, rather with reference to the feeling and ethical intent of the speaker than to form or subject-matter. (Autenrieth) 169 masc. voc. sing. of Δύσπαρις, Δύς + παρις, hateful Paris. (Autenrieth) 170 neut. voc. sing. of εἶδος, outward form. 171 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of ἄριστος. 172 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of γυναιμανής, mad for women. 173 masc. voc. sing. of ἠπεροπευτής, a cheat and a deceiver. 174 Conj. (αἴθε), would that nd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὀφείλω, to owe, have to pay or account for; to be bound, to be obliged to do a thing. 176 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἄγονος, unborn. 177 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί. 178 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἄγαμος, unmarried and single. 179 aor. mid. inf. of ἀπόλλυμι, to kill, to murder, to destroy utterly st sing. pres. mid./pass. opt. of βούλομαι, to will, wish, be willing. 181 Adj., neut. sing. of πολύς. 182 Adj., comp., neut. sing. of κερδίων, more profitable rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 184 Adv., in this way. 185 fem. acc. sing. of λώβη, outrage, dishonor. 186 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ὑπόψιος, viewed from beneath the brows, looked down upon.

18 17 And Hector, upon seeing him, mocked him with an abusive speech: O Paris of Evil Omen, good looking on the outside, but a womanizer and a cheat within, Would that you were destined to remain unborn, both unmarried and murdered, That you be dishonored in this way, And looked down upon among other men.

19 18 Ἦ 187 που 188 καγχαλόωσι 189 κάρη 190 κομόωντες 191 Ἀχαιοὶ φάντες 192 ἀριστῆα 193 πρόμον 194 ἔμμεναι, 195 οὕνεκα 196 καλὸν (45) εἶδος ἔπ, ἀλλ οὐκ ἔστι βίη 197 φρεσὶν 198 οὐδέ τις 199 ἀλκή Adv. indeed. 188 Adv., methinks, doubtless, perhaps rd sing. pres. act. subj. of καγχαλάω, to rejoice, or to exult; to laugh aloud. 190 neut. acc. sing. of κάρα, the head. 191 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of κομάω, let the hair grow long. 192 masc. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of φημί. 193 masc. acc. sing. of ἀριστεύς, one who excels in valor. 194 masc. acc. sing. of πρόμος, foremost man. 195 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί. 196 Conj., on account of which, wherefore. 197 fem. nom. sing. of βία, bodily strength, force, power, might. 198 fem. dat. pl. of φρήν, the midriff or muscle which parts the heart and lungs (viscera thoracis) from the lower viscera (abdominis); the heart. 199 Pron., masc. nom. sing. of τις. 200 fem. nom. sing. of ἀλκή, strength displayed in action, prowess, courage, boldness.

20 19 Indeed me thinks the Long Haired Achaeans are laughing, He is saying that he who excels in valor is he who looks best, And that it is not the strength in a man s heart, nor anyone who is bold in action.

21 20 Ἦ τοιόσδε 201 ἐὼν 202 ἐν ποντοπόροισι 203 νέεσσι 204 πόντον 205 ἐπιπλώσας, 206 ἑτάρους 207 ἐρίηρας 208 ἀγείρας, 209 μιχθεὶς 210 ἀλλοδαποῖσι 211 γυναῖκ 212 εὐειδέ 213 ἀνῆγες 214 ἐξ ἀπίης 215 γαίης 216 νυὸν 217 ἀνδρῶν 218 αἰχμητάων 219 (50) πατρί 220 τε σῷ 221 μέγα 222 πῆμα 223 πόληΐ 224 τε παντί 225 τε δήμῳ, 226 δυσμενέσιν 227 μὲν χάρμα, 228 κατηφείην 229 δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ. 201 Pron., masc. nom. sing. of τοιόσδε, such as this. 202 masc. nom. sing, pres. act. part. of εἰμί. 203 Adj., fem. dat. pl. of ποντοπόρος, passing over the sea, seafaring. 204 fem. dat. pl. of ναῦς, a ship. 205 masc. acc. sing. of πόντος, the sea nd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐπιπλέω, to sail upon. 207 masc. acc. pl. of ἑταῖρος, a comrade, a champion. 208 masc. acc. pl. of ἐρίηρος, faithful, trusty nd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀγείρω, to gather together. 210 masc. nom. sing. aor. pass. part. of μίγνυμι, in Pass., to be mixed up with, mingled among. 211 adj., neut. dat. pl. of ἀλλοδαπός, belonging to another people or land, foreign, strange. 212 fem. acc. sing. of γυνή, a woman. 213 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of εὐειδής, weel-shaped, comely, good-looking nd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἀνάγω, to lead up to the high sea, to carry by sea. 215 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of ἄπιος, far away, far off, distant. 216 fem. gen. sing. of γαῖα, land, country; earth, soil. 217 fem. acc. sing. of νυός, a daughter-in-law. 218 masc. gen. pl. of ἀνήρ. 219 masc. gen. pl. of αἰχμητής, a spearman, or a warrior. 220 masc. dat. sing. of πατήρ, a father. 221 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of σός, thy, thine. 222 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας. 223 neut. sing. of πῆμα, misery, calamity. 224 fem. dat. sing. of πόλις, a city. 225 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of πᾶς. 226 masc. dat. sing. of δῆμος, a country-district, country, land; a deme. 227 Adj., masc. dat. pl. of δυσμενής, full of ill-will, hostile. 228 neut. sing. of χάρμα, source of joy, delight. 229 fem. acc. sing. of dejection, sorrow, shame.

22 21 Indeed a man such as this, you set sail in seafaring ships upon the sea You gathered together your trusted comrades, and having intercourse in foreign lands, You carried away a good-looking woman, the daughter of spearmen, From a distant land on the high seas, And for your father and your city and your whole Deme a great misery, To your enemies a delight, to your self-same a disgrace.

23 22 Οὐκ ἂν δὴ μείνειας 230 ἀρηΐφιλον 231 Μενέλαον. 232 Γνοίης 233 χ 234 οἵου 235 φωτὸς 236 ἔχεις 237 θαλερὴν 238 παράκοιτιν, 239 οὐκ ἄν τοι 240 χραίσμῃ 241 κίθαρις 242 τά τε δῶρ 243 Ἀφροδίτης 244 (55) ἥ 245 τε κόμη 246 τό τε εἶδος 247 ὅτ 248 ἐν κονίῃσι 249 μιγείης. 250 Ἀλλὰ μάλα Τρῶες δειδήμονες, 251 ἦ 252 τέ 253 κεν 254 ἤδη 255 λάϊνον 256 ἕσσο 257 χιτῶνα 258 κακῶν 259 ἕνεχ 260 ὅσσα 261 ἔοργας nd sing. aor. act. opt. of μένω, to stay, to wait, or to remain. 231 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of ἀρηίφιλος. 232 masc. acc. sing. of Μενέλαος nd sing. aor. act. opt. of γιγνώσκω. 234 Prep., ἄν. 235 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of οἷος, such as, of what sort. 236 masc. gen. sing. of φώς, a man nd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἔχω. 238 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of θαλερός, stout, sturdy, buxom. 239 fem. acc. sing. of παράκοιτις, a wife. 240 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ, you rd sing. pres. act. subj. of χραισμέω, to ward off from one; to aid, help, or protect. 242 fem. nom. sing. of κίθαρις, a cithara. 243 neut. pl. of δῶρον, gift, present, gift of honor; a prize. 244 fem. gen. sing. of Ἀφροδίτη, Aphrodite. 245 Pron., fem. nom. sing. of ὅς. 246 fem. nom. sing. of κόμη, the hair of the head. 247 neut. sing. of εἶδος. 248 Conj., when, at the time when. 249 fem. dat. pl. of κονία, dust nd sing aor. pass. opt. of μίγνυμι. 251 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of δειδήμων, fearful, cowardly. 252 Adv., in truth, of a surety. 253 Pron., 2nd acc. sing. of σύ. 254 Partic., ἄν. 255 Adv., already. 256 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of λάινος, of stone rd sing. pluperf. pass. ind. of ἕννυμι, to put clothes on another; in Mid. and Pass., to clothe oneself in, to be clad in, put on, to wear. (Liddell and Scott) 258 masc. acc. sing. of χιτών, garment worn next the skin, tunic. 259 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of κακός, bad; Lat., malus. 260 Prep. (ἕνεκα), on account of, for the sake of, because of, for; Lat., gratia. 261 Adj., neut. pl. of ὅσος, quantus, of Size, as great as, how great; of Quantity, as much as, how much; of Space, as far as, how far; of Time, as long as, how long; of Number, as many as, how many; of Sound, as loud as, how loud; in pl. as many as; Lat., quot. (Liddell and Scott) 262 2nd sing. perf. act. ind. of ἔρδω, to do, to do something to a person.

24 23 You could not wait for Menelaus Dear to Ares. For you could know what sort of man has such a buxom wife, Playing the cithara won t protect you and the gifts of Aphrodite not either Or the look of her hair when you roll in the dust. But the Trojans are far too cowardly, in fact he has already put on his stone underwear, So that he can do something great big to the bad guys.

25 24 Τὸν δ αὖτε 263 προσέειπεν 264 Ἀλέξανδρος Θεοειδής: Ἕκτορ 265 ἐπεί 266 με κατ 267 Αἶσαν 268 ἐνείκεσας 269 οὐδ ὑπὲρ 270 Αἶσαν, (60) αἰεί 271 τοι 272 κραδίη 273 πέλεκυς 274 ὥς ἐστιν ἀτειρὴς 275 ὅς τ εἶσιν 276 διὰ δουρὸς 277 ὑπ ἀνέρος 278 ὅς ῥά 279 τε τέχνῃ 280 νήϊον 281 ἐκτάμνῃσιν, 282 ὀφέλλει 283 δ ἀνδρὸς ἐρωήν, 284 ὣς σοὶ 285 ἐνὶ 286 στήθεσσιν 287 ἀτάρβητος 288 νόος 289 ἐστί Adv., again rd sing. aor. act. ind. of προσεῖπον, to speak to one, to address, accost. 265 masc. voc. sing. of Ἕκτωρ, Hector. 266 Conj., seeing that. 267 Prep. + acc., according to. 268 fem. acc. sing. of Αἶσα, Asia, the Goddess of Destiny who dispenses to everyone his lot nd sing. aor. act. ind. of νεικέω. 270 Prep. + acc., expressing that over and beyond which a thing goes. (Liddell and Scott) 271 Adv., ever, always. 272 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 273 fem. nom. sing. of καρδία, the heart. 274 fem. nom. sing. of πέλεκυς, an axe for the felling of trees, and having two edges. (Liddell and Scott) 275 fem. nom. sing. of ἀτειρής, not to be rubbed, not to be worn away, as indestructible as iron; stubborn and unyielding rd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἶμι. 277 neut. gen. sing. of δόρυ, a tree. 278 masc. gen. sing. of ἀνήρ. 279 Adv., easily. 280 fem. dat. sing. of τέχνη, art, skill, device, craft, cunning. (Autenrieth) 281 Adj., neut. sing. of νήιος, of or for a ship rd sing. pres. act. subj. of ἐκτέμνω, to cut out; of planks, to hew out, hew into shape. (Liddell and Scott) 283 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ὀφέλλω, to increase, to enlarge, or to strengthen. 284 fem. acc. sing. of ἐρωή, any quick motion, to rush, to force. 285 Pron., neut. dat. sing. of σύ. 286 Prep. (ἐν), in or into. 287 neut. dat. pl. of στῆθος, 288 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἀτάρβητος, without fear, fearless. 289 masc. nom. sing. of νόος, the mind rd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί.

26 25 And the Divine Alexander answered him in reply: O Hector, seeing that according to Goddess Destiny you have no quarrel with me Beyond what Goddess destined, as always your heart is as unyielding as an axe, And it cuts through a tree as easily as by a man skilled at hewing planks for a ship Strengthened by a man in a hurry, just as fearless in mind as you are in heart.

27 26 Μή μοι 291 δῶρ 292 ἐρατὰ 293 πρόφερε 294 χρυσέης 295 Ἀφροδίτης, 296 (65) οὔ τοι 297 ἀπόβλητ 298 ἐστὶ Θεῶν 299 ἐρικυδέα 300 δῶρα 301 ὅσσά 302 κεν αὐτοὶ δῶσιν, 303 ἑκὼν 304 δ οὐκ ἄν τις ἕλοιτο, 305 νῦν αὖτ εἴ μ ἐθέλεις 306 πολεμίζειν 307 ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι, 308 ἄλλους μὲν κάθισον 309 Τρῶας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιούς, αὐτὰρ ἔμ ἐν μέσσῳ 310 καὶ ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον (70) συμβάλετ 311 ἀμφ Ἑλένῃ 312 καὶ κτήμασι 313 πᾶσι 314 μάχεσθαι. 291 Pron., 1st masc. dat. sing. of ἐγώ. 292 neut. pl. of δῶρον. 293 Adj., neut. pl. of ἐρατός, lovely, charming nd sing. pres. act. imper. of προφέρω, to bring before one, bring to, present, offer. 295 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of χρύσεος, golden. 296 fem. gen. sing. of Ἀφροδίτη. 297 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 298 Adj., neut. pl. of ἀπόβλητος, to be thrown away as worthless. 299 masc. gen. pl. of Θεός, a God. 300 Adj., neut. pl. of ἐρικυδής, very famous, glorious. 301 neut. pl. of δῶρον. 302 Adj., neut. pl. of ὅσος rd sing. aor. act. subj. of δίδωμι, to give. 304 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἑκών, willing, of free will, readily rd sing. aor. mid. opt. of αἱρέω nd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐθέλω, to want, to wish, to be willing. 307 pres. act. inf. of πολεμίζω, to wage war. 308 pres. mid./pass. inf. of μάχομαι nd sing. aor. act. imper. of καθίζω, to seat, to make sit down. 310 Adj., neut. dat. sing. of μέσος, the middle, in the middle; Lat., medius nd sing. aor. act. imper. of συμβάλλω, to bring men together in hostile sense, to set them together, match them. 312 fem. dat. sing. of Ἑλένη, Helen. 313 neut. dat. pl. of κτῆμα, property. 314 neut. dat. pl. of πᾶς.

28 27 Don t parade the gifts of the Golden Aphrodite in front of me, The glorious gifts of the Gods will not be cast aside by you, They may give gifts so great, but no one can steal them, Now once again, if you want me to wage war and fight in a battle, Then make all the Trojans and Achaeans take a seat, After that with me and Menelaus Dear to Ares in the middle, Put us together to fight for both Helen and all the property.

29 28 Ὁππότερος 315 δέ κε νικήσῃ 316 κρείσσων 317 τε γένηται, 318 κτήμαθ 319 ἑλὼν 320 εὖ πάντα 321 γυναῖκά 322 τε οἴκαδ 323 ἀγέσθω, 324 οἳ δ ἄλλοι φιλότητα 325 καὶ ὅρκια 326 πιστὰ 327 ταμόντες 328 ναίοιτε 329 Τροίην 330 ἐριβώλακα, 331 τοὶ 332 δὲ νεέσθων 333 (75) Ἄργος 334 ἐς ἱππόβοτον 335 καὶ Ἀχαιΐδα 336 καλλιγύναικα Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ὁπότερος, which of two rd sing. aor. act. subj. of νικάω, to conquer, to prevail, or to vanquish. 317 Adj., comp., masc. nom. sing. of κρείσσων, stronger, mightier rd sing. aor. mid. subj. of γίγνομαι, to come to be, to happen. 319 neut. pl. of κτῆμα. 320 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of αἱρέω. 321 Adj., neut. pl. of πᾶς. 322 fem. acc. sing. of γυνή. 323 Adv. (οἴκαδε), to one s house or home rd sing. pres./ mid./pass. imper. of ἄγω. 325 fem. acc. sing. of φιλότης, friendship, love, affection. 326 neut. pl. of ὅρκιον, an oath. 327 Adj., neut. pl. of πιστός, to be trusted. 328 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of τέμνω, to cut, to hew; to cut up, cut to pieces; to slaughter, sacrifice nd pl. pres. act. opt. of ναίω, to live, or dwell, abide; be situated. 330 fem. acc. sing. of Τροία, Troy. 331 fem. acc. sing. of ἐριβῶλαξ, very fertile. 332 Art., masc. nom. pl. of ὁ rd pl. pres. mid./pass. imper. of νέομαι, to come or to go. 334 neut. sing. of Ἄργος. 335 Adj., neut. sing. of ἱππόβοτος, grazed by horses. 336 fem. acc. sing. of Ἀχαιίς, Achaean. 337 fem. acc. sing. of καλλιγύναιξ, a beautiful woman.

30 29 And let he who happens to be the stronger of the two prevail, And he well seizes all the property and leads the woman to his home, And all the others to sacrifice and swear trusted oaths, And ya ll can live in Troy Most Fertile, and they go to Argos Grazed by Horses, And Achaea that Most Beautiful Lady.