) , Chantanachookhin [13 ] Liu. 1903,Riegler. , ( Pleuronectitormes), 14 15, Jordan et Gilbert), ( V eras per moseri ) 2007

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1 1, 1,2, 3, 1, 1, 1 (1., ;2., ; ) :, (55 60 ) (V eras per moseri Jordan et Gilbert), : 13 15,,8 12 ;,,,,,,,,, : (V eras per moseri) ; ; ; :Q133 :A : (2008) ,, ( ) ( T B ),, ; 1903,Riegler [1 ] ( Ti na v al g aris), 80, [2 5 ], [ 6 8 ], [9 ] [10 ] [11 ], ( Pleuronectitormes), ( Pleuronectidae), (V eras per) [ 12 ], / kg,,, ,,,,,,, Chantanachookhin [13 ] Liu [14 ] Padr s [ 15 ] 1996,,, ( V eras per moseri ) , , 8 9 d 14 15, : ; : : ( hy) : (19682),,, :, : , E2mail : com ;,,,,E2mail qdio. ac. cn

2 16 17,, ( A, ) 12 h 1. 2, 10 1,11 30 d 2 3 1,31 d, 5 1, 60 MS - 222,30 ; 30 : Bouin 24 h,50 %,70 %,,,, 3 10 m, H. E.,,Nikon ,, 7,,, 12,, ( 121) 21,,,, 29,,,, 35,, 45,,,, ( melano2macrop hage centers, MMCs) 29,, 35,,,, ( 129) 45 :, ( 124), 55, MMCs ( 125) Marine Sciences/ Vol. 32,No. 7/ 2008 :,,,,, ,,,,, ( 122) 17, ( ) ( ),, 29,,,,,, ( 126) 35,,,, ( 127),,,,,,, 45,, ( ) ( ) ( 123) 55,,,, MMCs ,,,,,12, ( 12 8) 14,,,,,,, 55, MMCs ( 1210) 89

1 Fig. 1 Theontogeny of the immune system in barfin flounder 121. 7, ( ) 400 ;122. 12, ( ) 100 ;12 3. 45, ( ) 100 ;124. 45, 100 ;125. 55, ( ) 400 ;126. 29, ( T),, ( ) 100 ;127. 35, ( ) 100 ;128.

3 1 Fig. 1 Theontogeny of the immune system in barfin flounder , ( ) 400 ; , ( ) 100 ; , ( ) 100 ; , 100 ; , ( ) 400 ; , ( T),, ( ) 100 ; , ( ) 100 ; , ( ) (L : ) 100 ; , 400 ; , dph larva. showing t he undifferentiated stem cells (arrow) in head kidney and t he pronephric tubules. 400 ; dph larva, showing t he t hymus anlage (arrow) and t he relationship wit h t he head kidney. 100 ; dph juvenile, showing t he zoned t hymus (presence of MMCs) and t he relationship wit h t he head kidney. 100 ; dph juvenile, showing the structure of kidney and the difference with head kidney wit h still strong nephric tubes. 100 ; dph juvenile, showing the MMCs(arrow) in the head kidney and diffused melanin2containing cells. 400 ; dph larvae, showing t he pairs of t hymus ( T), lymphoblast s and myoblast in t he t hymus, and part lymphoid head kidney tissue (arrow). 400 ; dph larva, showing the strong pronephric tubules the relationship between head kidney and thymus. The classic structure of lymphoid t hymus and t he secreting2like cells. 400 ; dph larva, showing t he location of spleen in t he abdominal cavity and t he surrounding pancreatic tissue (L :liver). 100 ; dph larva, showing t he abundant red blood cells. 400 ; dph juvenile, showing t he architecture of spleen, t he diffused of central blood vessel and MMCs :,,, [13 ] [2,3 ],, ;,, [ 11 ] : ; ;, (21 ),29 ( 126), 1989 O Neill [16 ] ( H arpagi f er antarcticus) :, 28, 90 Schroder [17 ] ( Gadus morhua),, 9 mm, 8 10,, ( 8 10, ),,O Neill [16 ], 3. 2 MMCs, [18 ], Agius [19 ] MMCs Herraez [ 20 ] MMCs, 45 MMCs, MMCs,,,

4 MMCs, Chantana2 chookhin [ 14 ] : MMCs,, MMCs MMCs,,,,, MMCs [21 ] MMCs,? MMCs,,?? 3. 3,, [11 ],, ( 123) [22 ] ;,, Liu [10 ] J sef sson,,, J sef sson [22,23 ], :, : [1 ],,,. [J ]., 1995, 16 (1) : [2 ] Grace M F, Manning M J. Histogenesis of lylmphoid organs in rainbow trout, S almo gai rdneri Rich.,1836 [ J ]. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 1980, 4 : [3 ] Botham J W, Manning M J. The histogenesis of the lymphoid organs in the carp Cy p ri nus carpio L. and the ontogenetic development of allograft reactivity [J ]. Journal of Fish Biology, 1981, 19 : [4 ] Razquin B E, Castillo A, Lopez2Fierro P, et al. Ontog2 eny of IgM2producing cells in the lymphoid organs of rainbow trout, S almo gai rdneri Richardson : an immu2 no2and enzyme hitochemical study [J ]. Journal of Fish Biology, 1990, 36 : [5 ] Fishelson L. Cytological and morphological ontogenesis and involution of the thymus in cichlid fishes(cichlidae, Teleostei) [ J ]. Journal of Morphology, 1995, 223 : [6 ] Bly J E. The ontogeny of the immune system in vivipa2 Marine Sciences/ Vol. 32,No. 7/ 2008 rous teleost Zoarces vivi parous L. [ A ]. Manning M J, Tatner M F. Fish Immunology [ C]. London :Academic Press Inc Ltd, [ 7 ] Nakanishi T. Ontogeny of the immune system in S ebas2 ticus marmortus : histogenesis of the lymphoid organs and effect of theymectomy [J ]. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1991,30 : [8 ] Watts M, Kato K, Munday B L, et al. Ontogeny of immune system organs in northern bluefin tuna ( Thun2 nus orientalis Temminck and Schlegel 1884 ) [ J ]. Aquaculuture research, 2003, 1 : [9 ],. [J ]., 1995,3 (3) : [10 ],. [J ].,2003,9 (6) : [11 ],,,. [J ].,2007,29 (3) : [12 ],. [ M ]. :, [13 ] Chantanachookhin C, Seikai T, Tanaka M. Compara2 tive study of the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs in three species of marine fish [J ]. Aquaculture, 1991, 99 : [14 ] Liu Y, Zhang S C, Jiang G L, et al. The development of the lymphoid organs of flounder, Paralichthys oli2 vaceus, from hatching to 13 months [ J ]. Shellf ish Immunology, 2004, 16 : Fish and [ 15 ] Padr s F, Crespo S. Ontogeny of the lymphoid organs in the turbot Scop hthalm us max im us : a light and elec2 tron microscope study [J ]. Aquaculture, 1996, 144 : [16 ] O Neill J G. Ontogeny of the lymphoid organs in an antarctiic teleost H arpagi f er antarcticus ( Notothe2 nioidei, Perciformes) [J ]. Developmental and Compar2 ative Immunology, 1989, 13 : [ 17 ] Schroder M B, Villena A J, Jorgensen T O. Ontogeny of lymphoid organs and immunoglobulin producing cells in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L. ) [J ]. Develop2 mental and Comparative Immunology, 1998, 22, [ 18 ] Agius C, Roberts R J. effect of starvation on the mel2 ano2macrophage centres of fish [J ]. Journal of Fish Bi2 ology, 1981, 19 : [19 ] Agius C. The role of melano2macrophage centres in i2 ron storage in normal and diseased fish [J ]. Journal of Fish Diseases, 1979, 2 : [20 ] Herraez M P. Structure and function of the melano2 macrophage centres of the goldfish Carassi us auratus [ J ]. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 1986, 12 : [21 ] Agius C. Preliminary studies on the ontogeny of the melano2macrophages of teleost haemopoietic tissues and age2related changes [J ]. Developmental and Com2 91

5 parative Immunology, 1981, 5 : [22 ] Bowden T J, Cook P, Rombout J H W M. Develop2 ment and function of the thymus in teleosts [J ]. Fish and Shellf ish Immunology, 2005, 19 : [ 23 ] J sef sson S, Tater M F. Histogenesis of the lymphoid organs in sea bream ( S parus aurata L. ) [J ]. Fish and Shellf ish Immunology, 1993, 3 : Ontogeny of immune organs during early development stage of barf in flounder XIAO Zhi2zhong 1, YU Dao2de 1, 2, SUN Zhen2zhen 3, XU shi2hong 1, MA dao2yuan 1, LI J un 1 (1. Instit ute of Oceanology, t he Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao , China ; 2. Graduate U ni2 versit y of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China ; 3. Qingdao Fishery Technology Sp read Station, Qingdao , China) Received : Nov., 29, 2007 Key words : barfin flounder (V eras per moseri) ; immune organ ; head kidney ; melano2macrophage centers Abstract : A histological examination was made on t he ontogenetic develop ment of immune organs ( thy2 mus, kidney and spleen) f rom hatching to t he 60th day after hatching (DA H) in barfin flounder. The se2 quences of appearance of t he immune organsπ anlage were kidney, spleen and t hymus, similar to t ho se of ot her marine teleo st s previously documented. The first f unctional lymp hoid organ was head kidney, differ2 ent from t hat of ot her marine teleost s : t hymus was t he first lymp hoid organ normally. During t he larval pe2 riod, t he head kidney and t hymus were always closed wit h each ot her, but t he cell bridge was not apparent. During t he posterior develop mental period of the immune organs, the melano2macrop hage centers (MMCs) were seen in all t he t hree immune organs, also including the t hymus, alt hough the struct ure and abundance are different within t hem. Through t he study on immune organs in barfin flounder, we could have a basic acquaintanceship wit h the ontogeny, mat uration and it s characteristics of immune organs. And all data from t his st udy would provide a theoretical basis of t he f urther intensive aquacult ure of t he barfin flounder as well as t he applicatio n of artificial vaccine. ( : ) 92

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