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1 +, -. / * +* -+/ *+-, /, 30*,+/0 - -0* *+*,..+2 *+*2 / /*3 10*+ 0 0,- *,, ,/* *,,- +* -*/ *3*+,**, + 1,**- / +3, 2+, TMR ; CP +0.* - TDN 1..3 DL 01 +,* g + CP +..3 CP P *.*,, CP +0.* CP +, 1, g 1. (-) :-31.*/,,**- NRC +323 NRC,** : fax : *, , adachi agri.pref.ibaraki.jp -31

2 O Connor +33- CP,** +332 CP +* ,.*., kg ,* DL 01 DL SP,* g TMR,,.,,2 3 : TDN +**,2 TDN +,* B BUN NEFA BUN USA ; ; JCA- BM2 NEFA NEFA C JLC--** + 0,** +. SAS Statistical Analysis System,SAS Institute +322 Table +. Ingredient composition of diets dry matter Item Prepartum Postpartum Timothy hay Alfalfa hay Corn Barley Wheat bran Corn gluten feed Molasses Beet pulp Soybean meal Cottonseed whole Alfalfa pellets Soybean hulls Calcium carbonate./4/,.4/ +/4.,4. -41,4, ,04* +.4* -*42.42,4*,4* * *42 *40 Each cow was supplemented /* +** g/day mineral and vitamin premix (Adachi et al. +332). -32

3 Table,. Nutrients composition of diets dry matter Exp + (CP +..0 ) Exp, (CP +0.* ) Item Prepartum Postpartum Prepartum Postpartum Crude protein RUP/CP Ether extract Non fiber carbohydrate, Neutral detergent fiber TDN Amino acids Lysine Methionine +, ,4* /4/, , 1+/ kg, 1-3 kg DMI ++., kg // kg, 0+* kg P *.*/ / - DMI,,.0 kg,+.0 kg +.* kg, 0.0 kg, 0// kg DMI,-.+ kg,-./ kg DMI 2,, *.- kg -0., kg P *.* *1 -.*3 +./+ kg +..* kg +.,- kg +.+* kg P *.*. kg. *4./ - +/4- -*42,40, *4./. +04* / *4.1 0 Calculated from Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle (+33.), and Standard Tables of Feed Composition in Japan (+33/)., NFC OM-(CP EE NDF). Yijk m Si Dj Cijk Wl DWjl eijkl m Si i + to +* Dj j + to, Cijk k + to,. Wl l + to +. DWjl eijkl Wl c,, CP , +0.* +, - + 1/- kg, 03. kg P *.*/ DMI ++.. kg +*.3 kg *./ kg P *.*/ -33

4 Table -. E#ect of Rumen-protected Methionine on body weight, Dry matter intake in prepartum and postpartum, and milk yielding Exp + (CP +.40 ) Exp, (CP +04* ) Item Met +) Control Met Control Number of cows Prepartum Body weight, kg DMI, kg Postpartum Body weight, kg DMI, kg Milk, kg/day Fat, Fat, kg/day Protein, Protein, kg/day Urea, mg/dl SCC,, +* - /ml Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE,, 1/- a ++4. a 0// a,,40. A. +4/+ -4*1 +4,- A,,.4* b +*43 b 0+* b,+40-04, B *3 +4+* B,/ , + *43 *4+* *4*. *4*. *4*- +04* ++4. *4++ *4*/ *4*/ *4*- +4/,+ 1+/ ++4, 0.0, /.4,- +4/1-4+/ +4+1, / + *4+* *4*. *4*. *4* , 0//,-4/ -34* /- -4*0 +4+2,04*.* *4++ *4*/ *4*/ *4*- +4, Cows were supplemented,* g/day rumen protected methionine (Lactet, Nippon Soda, LTD, Tokyo)., SCC Somatic cell count. a, b Means within the same row with di#erent superscript di#er (P *.*/). A, B Means within the same row with di#erent superscript di#er (P *.*+). kg TDN +.0/ kg TMR,., kg +.* kg Meijeijer +33/,-.2 mg dl,,+ mg dl, -1./ kg -3.* kg.., / -.*0 P *.*0,..+ mg dl,,0.* mg dl, CP +0, Patton +330 CP + CP +0,.**

5 O Connor +33- ; Fox,*** CNCPS Ver.. Fox,*** +/ CP -, + - FCM, -3/ g,.+, g + --/ g,,, +, CP,** Dinn +332 ; Von Keyserlingk +333 ; Krober,*** +332 Fig. +. E#ect of rumen-protected methionine on milk yielding. Cows were supplemented,* g/day rumen protected methionine (Lactet, Nippon Soda, LTD, Tokyo). Fig.,. E#ect of rumen-protected methionine on nitorgen utilization of lactating cows. Cows were supplemented,* g/day rumen protected methionine (Lactet, Nippon Soda, LTD, Tokyo)..*+

6 .. Blum * P *.*/, 1* BUN, +,, mg dl CP NEFA BUN. /** meq l.** meq l, - 1 NEFA Pisulewski +330 ; Blum +333 NEFA Table.. Least squares means of e#ects of rumen protected methionine on plasma glucose, urea nitrogen, NEFA, Ca, ip. methionine and lysine concentrations Exp + (CP +.40 ) Exp, (CP +04* ) Item Met +) Control Met Control Glucose mg/dl. wk BUN mg dl. wk NEFA meq l. wk Ca mg dl. wk ip mg dl. wk Met mmol dl Lys mmol dl Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE /342 1* ,+/ +*4* *4* /- // a *4+..4*- a * / +*4* +,4*,20 0/2 -/0, /2 /2-4-1 b *4+0-40, b * *+ *4., *4., /34+ 1,4* //42 / , +04/ +,41 + +* /4/.43 /4*,4.*, *, // *4+. *4+.,, / /04+, , ,4,., * 24*0 /1 // // /1 *4+/ *4+/ 0.4/ 1241 /14, 0,4- -4, -4, -4, ,4- +/ , * +32 / / / /4* ,- - - Cows were supplemented,* g/day rumen protected methionine (Lactet, Nippon Soda, LTD, Tokyo). a, b Means within the same row with di#erent superscript di#er (P *.*/)..*,

7 Table E#ects of rumen protected methionine on reproductive performance in perinatal period Exp + (CP +.40 ) Exp, (CP +04* ) Item Met Control Met Control First standing estruses, day First AI, day Times bred, Pregnancy rate, Delivery abnormality, Retained Placenta, Reproductive disorders -, Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE.4, /42 *4. +*,,, -,, -, //4* 024/ +4/ /14+ *4* , //4, 1/ / /143 /4- /4- +/ *4+ +,, *,,,,.,,.24/ /34. +4/ /143 *4* / * *,., -, Cows were supplemented,* g/day rumen protected methionine (Lactet, Nippon Soda, LTD, Tokyo)., Pregnant cows only. - Uterine infection, Static ovaries, Cystic ovaries, Retained placenta, Ovulation disorder, Silent estruses. NEFA / /, , ,1 : 0*. Blum JW, Bruckmaier RM, Jans F Rumen-Protected Methionine fed to dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2, : Fox DG, Tylutki TP, Van Amburgh ME, Chase LE, Pell AN, Overton TR, Tedeschi LO, Rasmussen CN, Durbal VM.,***. The net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion CNCPS version..* Model documentation. Cornell University, New York. Dinn NE, Shelford JA, Fisher LJ Use of Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system and rumen-protected Lysine and Methionone to reduce nitrogen excretion from lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2+ :,,3,-1.,**.//.3 Krober TF, Kulling DR, Menzi H, Sutter F, Kreuzer M.,***. Quantitative e#ects of feed protein reduction and methionine on nitrogen use by cows and nitrogen emission from slurry. Journal of Dairy Science, 2- :,3.,3/+. Meijer GA, Van der Meulen J, Bakker JG. +33 Free amino acids in plasma and muscle of high yielding dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 12 : National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 0th rev. ed. +* ++. National Academic Press. Washington, DC. National Research Council (NRC).,**+. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 1th rev. ed National Academic Press. Washington, DC O Connor JD, Sni#en CJ, Fox DG, Chalupa W A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets :.. Predicting amino acid adequacy. Journal of Animal Science, 1+ : +, *-

8 +332., : +// : +3,-. Patton RA Methionine nutrition in dairy cows remains di$cult. Feed stu#s, 02 (++) :+- + Pisulewski PM, Rulquin H, Peyraud JL, Verite R Lactational and systemic responses of dairy cows to postruminal infusions of increasing amounts of methionine. Journal of Dairy Science, 13 : ,** Animal Science Journal, 1, :J+11 J+33. SAS Institute SAS User s Guide. Version 0.*-. ed. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC. Von Keyserlingk MAG, Swift ML, Shelford JA Use of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System and rumenprotected methionine to maintain milk production in cows receiving reduced protein diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 13 : -31.**..*.

9 E#ects of Rumen-Protected Methionine on the Milk Yield, Reproductive Performance, and Nitrogen Excretion of Dairy Cows Noritaka ADACHI, Mitsuo UDA, Hiroko KOBAYASHI +, Masahiko ABE, Michinori TOMITA -, Mitsuru INABA., Noboru HAYASHI /, Kiyokazu FUJII 0 Tetsunori SEO 1, Toshinichi NONAKA 2, Masahiro SHIMIZU 3 Itoko NONAKA +* and Fuminori TERADA +* Ibaraki prefectural livestock research center, Yasato-machi, Ibaraki-ken -+/ *+-,, Japan + Miyagi prefectural animal industry experiment station, Iwadeyama-machi, Miyagi-ken /, Japan, Fukushima animal husbandry experiment station, Fukushima-shi 30*,+/0, Japan - Saitama prefectural agriculture and forestry research center Kounan-machi, Saitama-ken -0* *+*,, Japan. Shizuoka prefectural livestock research station, Fujinomiya-shi.+2 *+*2, Japan / Gifu prefectural livestock research Institute, Yamaoka-cho, Gifu-ken /*3 10*+, Japan 0 Kyoto prefectural livestock and poultry research institute, Ayabe-shi 0,- *,,+, Japan 1 Tottori prefectural animal husbandry experiment station, Akasaki-cho,Tottori-ken 023,/*-, Japan 2 Kumamoto prefecture agricultural research center, Koshi-machi, Kumamoto-ken , Japan 3 Zen-rakuren dairy related technical research institute, Yabuki-machi,Fukushima-ken 303 *,,-, Japan +* National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi, Ibaraki-ken -*/ *3*+, Japan Corresponding : Noritaka ADACHI (fax : 2+ (*), ,, adachi agri.pref.ibaraki.jp) Eighty one multiparous Holstein cows at +* experiment stations were used to examine the e#ects of rumen-protected DL-methionine (RPMet) on milk production, reproductive performance, and nitrogen balance for a period of over two years. Cows at each station were randomly assigned to diets with or without,* gof RPMet daily, during a. wk prepartum through a +. wk postpartum, and were fed a total mixed ration consisting of timothy hay, alfalfa hay, and concentrate mixture, containing +..0 crude protein (CP) in the first year (Exp. +) and +0.* CP in the second year (Exp.,). In Exp. +, the+..0 CP diet with RPMet increased milk yield. kg per day a compared to that without RPMet (.*.- and -0., kg, respectively). Also, the milk protein yield was increased with the supplementation of RPMet (+.,- and +.+* kg/day, respectively). The percentages of fat, protein, and urea in milk were una#ected by RPMet supplementation. However, in Exp., showed no responses in lactation performance by the supplementation of RPMet to the +0.* CP diet. Nitrogen excretion in the feces and urine of cows fed the +..0 CP diet was estimated --/g /day, and this value was lower than those fed the +0.* CP diet (.*. g/day). Blood profiles except methionine concentration and reproductive performance were una#ected by RPMet supplementation. These results indicate that the supplementation of RPMet to low CP diets improve milk production and decrease nitrogen excretion during early lactation. Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho, 1. (-) :-31.*/,,**- Key words : Rumen protected methionine, Milk yield, Nitrogen excretion.*/

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