4kaB1P kaB1P. QUATERNARY SC IENCES. 4kaB1P., ,,,, ,,, 812kaB1P., 515kaB1P. 410kaB1P. [ 1 19 ] kaB1P.,,, Vol. 28, No.

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1 QUATERNARY SC IENCES Vol. 28, No. 6 November, (2008) kaB1P1 3 (, ;, ;, ), 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P. 3 : ; ;,, 4kaB1P. P343. 5, P A,,,,,,,,,,, 812kaB1P., 515kaB1P. 410kaB1P. [ 1 19 ] 4kaB1P., [ 6 8, ], 4kaB1P. [ 6, 7, 20 ], [ 8 ], 4kaB1P.,, [ 21 ], [ 22 ], [ ], 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P.,,, 4kaB1P., 1 4kaB1P.,,,, 4kaB1P kaB1P.,,, [ 26 ], : 34 E2mail: archxh@pku1edu1cn BC21500BC ( : 2006BAK21B02) ( : ) ,

2 ( kaB1P. ) ( kaB1P. ), ( kaB1P. ),,,, [ 26 ] [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ],,, 4kaB1P. [ 22 ] [ 26 ] [ 27, 30 ], ; 13 C [ 31 ] C 4 C 3, 15 N,, ( ) [ 26 ],,, 4kaB1P. : 4kaB1P.,,,, [ 36 ] [ 35, 37 ] [ 38 ],,,,, [ 39 ] [ 39 ] [ 31 ] [ 40 ] 13 C ( F = 91027; P = 01004, 1a),,, [ 39 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] 15 N, ( F = 01883; P = 01360, 1b),, 1 13 C ( a) 15 N ( b) [ 31, 39, 40 ] Fig. 1 One2way ANOA analysis between Longshan and Erlitou period of 13 C and 15 N of human bones ; 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P.,,,,, 4kaB1P.,, kaB1P.,, 4kaB1P., [ 32 ] ; 4kaB1P., ( kaB1P. ), 1500 [ 32 ] ; ( kaB1P. ),, 340 [ 41 ], [ 33 ] [ 34 ], [ 35 ],, [ 41 ] [ 42 ],,

3 6 : 4kaB1P. 1063,,, ( ),, [ 43, 44 ] ;, ( ), [ 45 ],, C 4 90% [ 29 ], [ 41 ],, [ 46 ],,, 1) ; [ 47 ],,,, 4kaB1P. : 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P., 2 4kaB1P. 4kaB1P.,,, kab1p., 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P. [ 3 ] 3 [ 2 ], 1 2 [ 2, 4, 5 ] ; Younger D ryas [ 6, 20 ] ; [ 3 ], 18 O 4kaB1P. [ 1 ] ( 2) ; [ 9, 15 ] 2 4kaB1P. ( a) NGR IP 18 O [ 19 ] ( b) 18 O [ 1 ] ( c) Gulf of Oman core M5-422Dolom ite [ 6 ] ( d) DA 18 O [ 18 ] Fig. 2 4kaB1P1climatic event recored in NGR IP ice core, Dunde ice core, Oman and Dongge cave stalagm ite 1).. :,

4 kaB1P. 18 O 413kaB1P. [ 16 ], [ 17 ] 18 O [ 18 ] 412kaB1P., 4kaB1P., NGR IP [ 19 ] [ 1 ] 18 O [ 18 ] [ 6 ] kaB1P. ( 2), kab1p., 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P.,,,, 21211,,, 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P. [ 48 ], 318kaB1P. ( 14 C),,, ; 318kaB1P. ( 14 C),,,, [ 49 ] : 415kaB1P.,,,, ; 415kaB1P., 319kaB1P.,,,,, 4kaB1P.,, 4kaB1P.,, ( ) 21212, [ 50 ] [ 51 ], [ 51 ], 4kaB1P.,,,,, 4kaB1P.,,, [ 52 ], 4 5kaB1P.,, 4ka,, 4kaB1P.,,, 4kaB1P., 4kaB1P., [ 53 ] 21213,, Pu lleniatina 4kaB1P. ( 14 C) [ 54 ], [ 10 ], [ 55 ] 412kaB1P.,,, ; [ 10 ] 412kaB1P.,, 4kaB1P.,, 4kaB1P., 3, 4kaB1P., [ 22 ],,

5 6 : 4kaB1P ,,,,,,,,, 4kaB1P. [ 48, 49 ],,,,,,,,,,,, [ 56 ],, [ 26 ] 312,,,,,,,,,, [ 57 ],,,,,, 4kaB1P.,,,, 4kaB1P., [ 58, 59 ], [ ],,,,,, [ 63 ],,,, [ 59 ] 313,,,,,, 8kaB1P [ 64 ],,,, 4kaB1P.,,,,,, [ 25 ] 4, : (1) 4kaB1P. 3 : ; ; ( ), (2) 4kaB1P.,,, (3) 4kaB1P.,

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9 6 : 4kaB1P ,,.., 2005, 25 (1) : Yang Xiaoyan, Xia Zhengkai, Cui Zhijiu. Holocene extreme floods and its sedimentary characteristic in the upper reaches of the Huanghe R iver. Q uaternary Sciences, 2005, 25 (1) : ,.., 1987, ( 11 ) : Zhi Tianfu, Zhang Q ilong1gudui sites in Heze region. A rchaeology, 1987, (11) : Gyoung2Ah L, Gary W C, L iu L et al. Plants and peop le from the Early Neolithic to Shang periods in North China. P roceedings of N ational Academ y of Science of the U nited S tates of Am erica, 2007, 97 (23) : D I FFERENT RESPO NSE MOD EL S O F PREH ISTO R IC ECO NOMY TO 4kaB1P1 CL IM ATE EVENT I N THE REACHES O F HUANGHE R IVER Zhang Xiaohu Xia Zhengkai Yang Xiaoyan J i Duxue ( College of Environm ental Science, Peking U niversity, B eijing ; Institute of Geographical Sciences and N atural R esource R esearch, Chinese Academ y of Sciences, B eijing ; Cultural Relics and A rchaeology Institute of Shenzhen, Shenzhen ) Abstract Prehistoric econom y is closely related to environm ent. models to environment in different regions. Econom ic patterns reflect different human response Reviewing on the p rehistoric econom ic p roxies such as p lant macrofossils, animal bones and 13 C and 15 N of hum an bones excavated from archaeological sites in the upper, m iddle, and lower reaches of Huanghe R iver around 4kaB1P., the authors found out that the p rehistoric econom ies are definitely different and could be summarized as three models: upper reaches; ( 1) The Ganqing Model from a single m illet agriculture to a m ixed agriculture w ith nom adism in the ( 2) The Shangdong Model from m illet & rice agriculture to m illet agriculture in the lower reaches; ( 3) The Continuous Central China m illet agriculture model in the m iddle reaches. W e found out that climate changed extensively from warm /moist to dry/cold at the beginning of 4kaB1P1in all reaches of Huanghe R iver on the basis of the clear definition of 4kaB1P1clim ate event. event. Obviously, the changes of the econom ic pattern along the Huanghe R iver coup led with the 4kaB1P. climate However, the reason causing the difference in econom ic pattern in different reaches of the river is unknown. Hum an beings may adjust its subsistence strategy according to local geographic environm ent, ecologic system, and cultural tradition. W hen it turned to extremely dry/ cold environment at 4kaB1P1 the follow ing strategies m ight have been taken by humans in different regions: ( 1) Peop le m ight be forced to extend food resource by feeding animals such as sheep and cow when m illet agriculture couldnπt p rovide enough food with low p recip itation in upper reaches of Huanghe R iver; ( 2) Peop le m ight have no choice but resorting to m illet agriculture because rice could not survive in lowered temperature in the lower reaches of Huanghe R iver; (3) Peop le may have remained their old m illet agriculture in term s of good geographic condition and abundant biological resources in the m iddle reaches of Huanghe R iver. Thus, the p rehistoric econom ic difference m ay mainly related w ith regional discrepancy of clim ate change and different hum an response to climate change besides hum anπs cultural tradition and adap tation ability in three regions along the Huanghe R iver near 4kaB1P. Key words 4kaB1P1climate event, p rehistoric econom ic, response model, Huanghe R iver reaches