M ea sur ing the Fa irness of the W age D istr ibution of Urban W orkers in D ifferen t Industr ies of Ch ina

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1 Statstcal Research Vol. 27, No13 M ar :,,, :,;,,,, ;,, ; 1 /3 : ; ; ; : C812: A : (2010) M ea sur ng the Fa rness of the W age D str buton of Urban W orkers n D fferen t Industr es of Ch na Ba Pewen Abstract:W age ga between dfferent ndustres n Chna s ncreasngly concerned n the academ c feld, but there are few researches about far measure. In ths aer, based on the rncal of market effcency, symmetry rncal of ncome and rsk as well as rncal of socal equty, we study the farness of the wage dstrbuton about urban workers n dfferent ndustres n Chna. The results show that there defntely exsts unfar henomenon n Chnaπs wage dstrbuton, and the unfar degree s hgher than the ast decade. Integrated wage gan between dfferent ndustres has been the herarchcal formaton. In some ndustres such as water, envronment and ublc facltes management, ublc adm nstraton and socal organzaton, scence, educaton, culture, health sector, wages are very hgh and n the ndustres lke manufacturng, wholesale, accommodaton, leasng, servce sector wages at very low. W age ga between sectors has contrbuted 1 /3 to the Gn coeffcent of Chnese urban workersπtotal ncome. Key words:u rban Workers; W age D strbuton; D fferent Industres; Farness, 3: () 1990, ( 2005), , 1988,, , ( 2004) [ 1 ],, ,, 3 ( : 2008BD43) Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://

2 ,( 2004 ) [ 2 ] ( 2004 ) [ 3 ],1993,,,, (2003),, (2005) [ 11 ] ( 2003),,, (),16, (2004) [ 12 ], ( Katz, 1987; D ckena and Katz 1987; Krueger and Summers , 1988) : 3,,,,,,,,,, D ckens and Katz, ( 1987 ), ; B lackburn and Neumark (1992) [ 4 ],,,,,,, M ncer and H guch, (1988) [ 5 ], Freeman and Medoff(1984),: (, 1996) ; (, 1998 [ 6 ] ;, 2004) ; ( John Knght and L Sh, 2005 [ 7 ] ;, 2007 [ 8 ] ) ;,(, 2005;, 1998 [ 9 ] ;, 2005 [ 10 ] ;, 2007) (),, :,, ;, ;,,,,,, (, 2009) [ 13 ],,,( ),,,, ; ( ),, Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://

3 27 3 : 5,, (, 2009),,,,, :,, ; ;,,; ; () CD 2, Y j = A K j L j (1) j, Y j, K j, L j,, j M PL j = Y j /L j,,m PL = Y /L (, 2008), Y = 6 Y j L = 6 L j, M PL W, L W =,, Y M PL =,, 1,,, W,,, H, = H,, Y j = j A K M j 0 L M j, 0 j Y j = A K M j L M j (2), j 0 j, : M PL M = M 0 3 Y, W L M PL M = B / ( M 0 ),, B / ( HM 0 ),,t L t - L t - 1 L t - 1 H ( H t - H t - 1 ), H t - 1 L tw t - L t - 1 W t - 1,, L t - 1 W t - 1, (),,, Abowd and A shenfelter (1981) PSID, H, M PH = H Y, H M PH H L = H Y H, W L / (M PH ) = B L H, Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://

4 ,,, () Mangahas ( 1975 ),, (2008) [ 14 ],, G = G A G A = 6 m + G B, G A, k =1 k G k, (m, k k, G k k ) ; G B (, ),, Sen ( 1973 ) B lackorby and Donaldson (1978) [ 15 ] ( 2008), G Y, G = (N- N ) /N, N, Y N ;N, Y L =N- N= YG, 2006,, 1997,,, (, ) 23,391; ( ) 31,403 (), () , ,,, 23 () Goldsm th (1953), K t = I t + (1 - t ) K t - 1, I t, K t, t, (, 2000,, 2009), (Hall and Jones, 1999), 10,, Young ( 2000) (2004), 10% 2003,,1997,1993 ;2006, 2003, 5% (: Perkns, 1998;, 1998;, 2000; W ang and Yao, 2001), 1990 () 1997,, Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://

5 27 3 : , :, ; 2006 = [ 2006/ / ] () , (),, :, B lnder (1973)Oaxaca (1973),, Mandelbrot ( 1962 ) Rosen ( 1983 ) Heckman and Schenkman (1987) Robert Gbbons et al., ( 2005) [ 16 ],, : m ncer ( 1957), lnw = 1 X + 2 Y +, W, X Y, ( - ), ( ); X, 0 0, 0 0 lnl 00, X 00, j lnl j, X j,0 0 lnl j + 1 ( X j - X 00 ) 2006, ( 1 X ) 1997, (),, (2008), : j, (, ,19),: j = j,, 1997, 2006 () :,,,, :,, (Robert Gbbons et al., 2005),,,, Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://

6 ,, ( 0100% ),,,, (, 2005;, 2005) 2006,,, (), 35-39( ) : = ( ) [ ( 1 - ) ], 1997, 2006 () , 23,, ( ), ;,, 2,,,,,, 92;,,,, 92,( 1 ) (2), () M H HM, B,, 1:,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; 115;, 2 ;, 3, 12, ( 3, ), 2,,,,,,, (2),,,, Y j = j AK ljl j = ex (M j ) AK k jl j, M j 0,,lnY j 2lnM j (2), Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://

7 27 3 : 9 1 ( ) B B / B / B / ( M 0 ) B / ( HM 0 ) ( H t - H t - 1 H t - 1 ) H t - H t - 1 ) ( HM H t ( - ) ,,,, , : ; ;, 1997,,, ( ),,, 3, 3 ( ),,,, 2006, 10,, ( ),, 1997 B B / ( - ) Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://

8 B / ( HM 0 ) (), 1997, ( 4),,,, ;,,,, B / ( HM 0 ) 31 /3 (), ,, ( 4) 3,,, ;,,;,,,,,,,,;, (),, ,, G k = 1-6 n Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt:// =1 (2Q - w ), G k k, n,, w, Q = 6 n =1 w G A = 6 m k =1 k G k, m k , , , 1 /3, %, %2006,, , :,, 10 (2006),(2007) , , , ( % ) / ( % )

9 27 3 : 11,,,,,,,, , 1 /3,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ;,( ) ;,, ;,, [ 1 ]. : [ J ]., 2004 (2) : [ 2 ]. [ J ]., 2004 (3) : [ 3 ]. [ J ]., 2005 ( 4) : [ 4 ] B lackburn and Neumark. Unobserved Ablty, Effcency W ages, and Interndustry wage D fferentals [ J ]. Econom cs, 1992 (107) : Quarterly Journal of [ 5 ]M ncer and H guch. W age Structures and labor Turnover n the U. S. and Jaan [ J ]. Journal of the Jaanese and Internatonal Economy, 1988 (2) : [ 6 ]. [ J ]., 1998 (5) : [ 7 ] John Knght and L Sh. W ages, Frm Proftablty and Labor Market Segmentaton n U rban Chna[ J ]. Chna Economc Revew, 2005 (16) : [ 8 ],. [ J ]., 2007 (10) : [ 9 ],. [ J ]., 1998 (3) : [ 10 ]. [ J ]., 2005 (10) : [ 11 ]. [ J ]., 2005 (1) : [ 12 ],,. [ J ]., 2004 (3) : [ 13 ]. [ J ]., 2009 (1) : [ 14 ]. [ J ]., 2008 (8) : [ 15 ]B lackorby and Donaldson. Measures of Relatve Equalty and Ther Meanng n Term s of Socal W elfare [ J ]. Theory, 1978 (1) : Journal of Econom c [ 16 ] Robert Gbbons, Lawrence F Katz, and Thomas Lem eux et al. Comaratve Advantage, Learnng, and Sectoral W age Determnaton [ J ]. Journal of Labor Econom cs, 2005 ( 4 ) : ,, 1967,, 2006,, : ( :) Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://

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