Using and Enjoying Biblical Greek

Transcript

1 Using and Enjoying Biblical Greek Reading the New Testament with Fluency and Devotion Rodney A. Whitacre Basic Vocabulary for New Testament Greek

2 2015 by Baker Publishing Group Published by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI All rights reserved.

3 These 470 words are used thirty or more times in the Greek New Testament. 1 Ἀβραάμ, ὁ ἀγαθός, ή, όν ἀγαπάω ἀγάπη, ης, ἡ ἀγαπητός, ή, όν ἄγγελος, ου, ὁ ἅγιος, α, ον ἀγοράζω ἀγρός, οῦ, ὁ ἄγω ἀδελφός, οῦ, ὁ αἷμα, ατος, τό αἴρω αἰτέω αἰών, ῶνος, ὁ αἰώνιος, ον ἀκάθαρτος, ον ἀκολουθέω ἀκούω ἀλήθεια, ας, ἡ ἀλλά ἀλλήλων ἄλλος, η, ο ἁμαρτάνω ἁμαρτία, ας, ἡ ἁμαρτωλός, όν ἀμήν ἄν ἀναβαίνω ἀναγινώσκω ἀνάστασις, εως, ἡ ἄνεμος, ου, ὁ ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ου, ὁ ἀνίστημι ἀνοίγω ἄξιος, α, ον ἀπαγγέλλω ἅπας, ἅπασα, ἅπαν ἀπέρχομαι Abraham good I love love beloved messenger, angel holy; pl. noun: saints I buy field I lead, I bring brother blood I raise, I take up, I take away I ask age eternal unclean I follow I hear truth but, yet, except one another other, another I sin sin sinful amen, truly particle indicating contingency I go up, I come up I read resurrection wind man, husband man, person, human being I raise; I rise I open worthy I tell, I proclaim whole; all; everyone/everything I go away 1 This list is based on word frequencies in the 27th edition of the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece according to BibleWorks 9.0. Several words are included here that are not listed separately by BibleWorks: εἶδον; εἶπον; ἔρημος, ον; ἡμεῖς; ἴδε; Ἰερουσαλήμ; κἀγω; οὖ; πλείων, ον; ὑμεῖς.

4 ἀπό ἀποδίδωμι ἀποθνῄσκω ἀποκρίνομαι ἀποκτείνω ἀπόλλυμι ἀπολύω ἀποστέλλω ἀπόστολος, ου, ὁ ἅπτω ἄρα ἀρνέομαι ἀρνίον, ου, τό ἄρτι ἄρτος, ου, ὁ ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ ἀρχιερεύς, έως, ὁ ἄρχω ἄρχων, οντος, ὁ ἀσθενέω ἀσπάζομαι αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό ἀφίημι ἄχρι / ἄχρις βάλλω βαπτίζω βασιλεία, ας, ἡ βασιλεύς, έως, ὁ βιβλίον, ου, τό βλασφημέω βλέπω βούλομαι Γαλιλαία, ας, ἡ γάρ γενεά, ᾶς, ἡ γεννάω γῆ, ῆς, ἡ γίνομαι γινώσκω γλῶσσα, ης, ἡ γραμματεύς, έως, ὁ γραφή, ῆς, ἡ γράφω γυνή, γυναικός, ἡ δαιμόνιον, ου, τό Δαυίδ, ὁ gen.: from; because of; by I give, I repay I die I answer I kill I destroy; mid.: I perish I release I send messenger, apostle I light on fire; mid.: I touch therefore I deny lamb now bread beginning; ruler high priest I rule; mid.: I begin ruler I am sick I greet self; same; he, she, it I let go, I leave, I permit, I forgive until (conj. and prep.) I throw I baptize kingdom, reign king book I slander, I revile I see, I look at I desire, I intend Galilee for, because, since generation I beget; I give birth to; pass.: I am born earth, land, ground I become; I happen; I am I know, I come to know tongue, language scribe writing, Scripture I write woman, wife demon David

5 δέ δεῖ (with acc. and inf.) δείκνυμι δεξιός, ά, όν δεύτερος, α, ον δέχομαι δέω διά διάβολος, ου, ὁ διαθήκη, ης, ἡ διακονέω διακονία, ας, ἡ διδάσκαλος, ου, ὁ διδάσκω διδαχή, ῆς, ἡ δίδωμι διέρχομαι δίκαιος, α, ον δικαιοσύνη, ης, ἡ δικαιόω διό διώκω δοκέω δόξα, ης, ἡ δοξάζω δοῦλος, ου, ὁ δύναμαι δύναμις, έως, ἡ δυνατός, ή, όν δύο δώδεκα ἐάν ἑαυτοῦ ἐγγίζω ἐγγύς ἐγείρω ἐγώ ἔθνος, ους, τό εἰ εἶδον εἰμί εἶπον εἰρήνη, ης, ἡ εἰς εἷς, μία, ἕν εἰσέρχομαι but, and, now it is necessary I point out, I show right (hand, side) second I take; I receive I bind gen.: through, by; acc.: on account of the devil covenant I serve service teacher I teach teaching I give I go through righteous, just righteousness, justice I justify, I set right therefore I persecute I think, I seem glory, fame I praise, I honor, I glorify slave I am able, I am powerful power, miracle possible, strong, powerful, able two twelve if, when of himself/herself/itself I approach near I raise up; I wake I people, nation; pl.: Gentiles if I saw (aor. of ὁράω) I am I said (aor. of λέγω) peace acc.: into, to, in, for one I come in/into, I go in/into

6 εἴτε ἐκ, ἐξ ἕκαστος, η, ον ἐκβάλλω ἐκεῖ ἐκεῖνος, η, ο ἐκκλησία, ας, ἡ ἐκπορεύομαι ἐλπίζω ἐλπίς, ίδος, ἡ ἐμαυτοῦ, ῆς ἐμός, ή, όν ἔμπροσθεν ἐν ἐντολή, ῆς, ἡ ἐνώπιον ἔξειμι ἐξέρχομαι ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ ἔξω ἐπαγγελία, ας, ἡ ἐπερωτάω ἐπί ἐπιγινώσκω ἐπιθυμία, ας, ἡ ἐπικαλέω ἐπιστρέφω ἐπιτίθημι ἑπτά ἐργάζομαι ἔργον, ου, τό ἔρημος, ον ἔρημος, ου, ἡ ἔρχομαι ἐρωτάω ἐσθίω ἔσχατος, η, ον ἕτερος, α, ον ἔτι ἑτοιμάζω ἔτος, ους, τό εὐαγγελίζω εὐαγγέλιον, ου, τό εὐθέως εὐθύς, εὐθεῖα, εὐθύ εὐλογέω if, whether gen.: out of, from; because of each, every I throw out, I send out there that assembly, church I go/come out I hope hope myself my, mine gen.: before; adv.: ahead dat.: in, among; by commandment gen.: in the presence of, before I go out/away I come out, I go out authority; power gen.: outside; adv.: without promise I ask for; I question gen.: on, over; when; dat.: on the basis of; at; acc.: on, to, against I know, recognize, learn desire I call, I name I turn back I lay/put on seven I work work, deed lonely, deserted desert, a deserted place I come, I go I ask (for) I eat last other, another, different still; even; yet I prepare year I bring good news, I preach the gospel good news, the gospel immediately straight; adv.: immediately I bless

7 εὑρίσκω εὐχαριστέω ἐχθρός, ά, όν ἔχω ἕως ζάω ζητέω ζωή, ῆς, ἡ ἤ ἤδη ἥλιος, ου, ὁ ἡμεῖς ἡμέρα, ας, ἡ Ἡρῴδης, ου, ὁ θάλασσα, ης, ἡ θάνατος, ου, ὁ θαυμάζω θέλημα, ατος, τό θέλω θεός, οῦ, ὁ θεραπεύω θεωρέω θηρίον, ου, τό θλῖψις, εως, ἡ θρόνος, ου, ὁ θύρα, ας, ἡ Ἱάκωβος, ου, ὁ ἴδε ἴδιος, α, ον ἰδού ἱερεύς, έως, ὁ ἱερόν, οῦ, τό Ἰεροσόλυμα, τά or ἡ Ἰερουσαλήμ, ἡ Ἰησοῦς, οῦ, ὁ ἱκανός, ή, όν ἱμάτιον, ου, τό ἵνα Ἰουδαία, ας, ἡ Ἰουδαῖος, α, ον Ἰούδας, α, ὁ Ἰσραήλ, ὁ ἵστημι Ἰωάννης, ου, ὁ Ἰωσήφ, ὁ κἀγώ I find I thank, I give thanks enemy; hated I have, hold gen.: as far as; conj.: until I live I seek life or, than; ἤ ἤ: either οr now, already the sun we day Herod sea, lake death I marvel at will, desire I will, I want, I desire God I heal I look at, I see beast trouble, hard circumstances throne door James look! one s own look! behold! priest temple Jerusalem Jerusalem Jesus worthy, sufficient, able garment, cloak in order that, that Judea Jewish, Jew; Judea, Judean Judah, Judas Israel I cause to stand; I stand John Joseph and I, but I

8 καθαρίζω κάθημαι καθίζω καθώς καί καινός, ή, όν καιρός, οῦ, ὁ κακός, ή, όν καλέω καλός, ή, όν καλῶς καρδία, ας, ἡ καρπός, οῦ, ὁ κατά καταβαίνω κατοικέω καυχάομαι κεφαλή, ῆς, ἡ κηρύσσω κλαίω κόσμος, ου, ὁ κράζω κρατέω κρίνω κρίσις, εως, ἡ κύριος, ου, ὁ λαλέω λαμβάνω λαός, οῦ, ὁ λέγω λίθος, ου, ὁ λογίζομαι λόγος, ου, ὁ λοιπός, ή, όν λύω μαθητής, οῦ, ὁ μακάριος, α, ον μᾶλλον Μαρία, ας, ἡ μαρτυρέω μαρτυρία, ας, ἡ μάρτυς, μάρτυρος, ὁ μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα μέλλω (with inf.) μέλος, ους, τό μέν I cleanse I sit (down), I am seated I sit; I cause to sit as, just as and, also, even, indeed new appointed time, season evil, bad I call beautiful, good well heart fruit gen.: down, against; acc.: according to; with reference to I go down, I come down I inhabit, I dwell I boast head I preach I weep world I cry out I hold, I hold fast I judge, I condemn judgment Lord, master I speak, I say I take, I receive a people I say, I speak stone I count, I reckon word, message remaining; noun: the rest; adv.: for the rest I loose student, disciple blessed more, rather Mary I bear witness, I testify testimony witness great, large I am about to bodily part, member on the one hand, indeed

9 μένω I remain, I dwell μέρος, ους, τό part, piece μέσος, η, ον middle, in the midst μετά gen.: with; acc.: after μετανοέω I repent μή not, lest μηδέ but not, nor, not even μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν no one, nothing μήτε and not μήτηρ, μητρός, ἡ mother μικρός, ά, όν little μισέω I hate μνημεῖον, ου, τό tomb μόνος, η, ον only, alone; adv.: only Μωϋσῆς, έως, ὁ Moses ναί yes ναός, οῦ, ὁ temple νεκρός, ά, όν dead; subst.: corpse νόμος, ου, ὁ law, principle νῦν now νύξ, νυκτός, ἡ night ὁ, ἡ, τό the ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ way, road οἶδα I know, I understand (pf. used as a pres.) οἰκία, ας, ἡ house, home οἰκοδομέω I build, I build up οἶκος, ου, ὁ house, household οἶνος, ου, ὁ wine ὀλίγος, η, ον little, small; pl.: few ὅλος, η, ον whole; adv.: entirely ὅμοιος, α, ον similar to ὁμοίως likewise ὄνομα, ατος, τό name ὀπίσω gen.: after; adv.: back, behind ὅπου where ὅπως how, that, in order that ὁράω I see, I notice ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ wrath ὄρος, ους, τό mountain, hill ὅς, ἥ, ὅ who, whom, which ὅσος, η, ον how much; as much as ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι whoever, whichever, whatever ὅταν whenever ὅτε when ὅτι because, since; that; used to introduce direct and indirect quotations

10 οὗ οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ οὐαί οὐδέ οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν οὐκέτι οὖν οὐρανός, οῦ, ὁ οὖς, ὠτός, τό οὔτε οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο οὕτως, οὕτω οὐχί ὀφείλω ὀφθαλμός, οῦ, ὁ ὄχλος, ου, ὁ παιδίον, ου, τό πάλιν πάντοτε παρά παραβολή, ῆς, ἡ παραγγέλλω παραγίνομαι παραδίδωμι παρακαλέω παραλαμβάνω παρίστημι παρρησία, ας, ἡ πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν πάσχω πατήρ, πατρός, ὁ Παῦλος, ου, ὁ πείθω πειράζω πέμπω πέντε περί περιπατέω περισσεύω περιτομή, ῆς, ἡ Πέτρος, ου, ὁ Πιλᾶτος, ου, ὁ πίνω πίπτω πιστεύω (with dat.) πίστις, εως, ἡ where not woe! and not, not even, neither, nor no one, nothing no longer therefore, then heaven, sky ear and not, neither, nor this; he, she, it thus, in this way not I owe, I ought, I must eye crowd child again always gen.: from; dat.: beside; acc.: alongside of parable I command I come, I arrive I hand over, I pass on, I betray I exhort, I urge; I encourage I take, I receive I present; I stand by openness, boldness each, every, all, the whole I suffer, I experience father Paul I persuade; pf.: I trust; mid/pass.: I obey I test, I tempt I send five gen.: about; concerning; acc.: around I walk I am left over; I overflow circumcision Peter Pilate I drink I fall I believe, I trust faith, belief, trust

11 πιστός, ή, όν πλανάω πλείων, πλεῖον πλῆθος, ους, τό πλήν πληρόω πλοῖον, ου, τό πνεῦμα, ατος, τό ποιέω ποῖος, α, ον πόλις, εως, ἡ πολύς, πολλή, πολύ πονηρός, ή, όν πορεύομαι ποτήριον, ου, τό ποῦ ποῦς, ποδός, ὁ πράσσω πρεσβύτερος, α, ον πρό πρόβατον, ου, τό πρός προσέρχομαι προσευχή, ῆς, ἡ προσεύχομαι προσκυνέω προσφέρω πρόσωπον, ου, τό προφήτης, ου, ὁ πρῶτος, η, ον πτωχός, ή, όν πῦρ, πυρός, τό πῶς ῥῆμα, ατος, τό σάββατον, ου, τό σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ Σατανᾶς, ᾶ, ὁ σεαυτοῦ, ῆς σημεῖον, ου, τό σήμερον Σίμων, ος, ὁ σκότος, ους, ἡ σοφία, ας, ἡ σπείρω σπέρμα, ατος, τό σταυρόω faithful, believing I lead astray more, larger crowd but, yet, except I fill, I fulfill, I complete boat spirit, the Spirit I do, I make what?, which?, what kind of? city much, many; adv.: often evil, bad I go cup where? foot I do, I practice, I act elder, presbyter before sheep acc.: to, towards, with I come to/towards, I go to/towards prayer I pray I worship I offer face prophet first poor fire how? word, saying Sabbath, week flesh Satan, accuser yourself sign today Simon darkness wisdom I sow seed I crucify

12 στόμα, ατος, τό mouth σύ you (sg.) σύν dat.: with συνάγω I gather together, I invite συναγωγή, ῆς, ἡ synagogue, meeting συνείδησις, εως, ἡ awareness; conscience συνέρχομαι I gather, I come together σῷζω I save, I rescue σῶμα, ατος, τό body σωτηρία, ας, ἡ salvation τε and τέκνον, ου, τό child τέλος, ους, τό end τέσσαρες four τηρέω I keep, I guard τίθημι I put, I place τιμή, ῆς, ἡ honor τίς, τί who?, what?, which?, why? τις, τι someone, something τοιοῦτος, τοιαύτη, τοιοῦτον such, of such a kind τόπος, ου, ὁ place τότε then τρεῖς, τρία three τρίτος, η, ον third τυφλός, ή, όν blind ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, τό water υἱός, οῦ, ὁ son ὑμεῖς you (pl.) ὑπάγω I depart ὑπάρχω I am, I exist ὑπέρ gen.: in behalf of; acc.: above ὑπό gen.: by; acc.: under ὑπομονή, ῆς, ἡ patient endurance ὑποστρέφω I return ὑποτάσσω I put in subjection φαίνω I shine; mid. and pass.: I appear φανερόω I make known, I show Φαρισαῖος, ου, ὁ Pharisee φέρω I carry, I bear φημί I say Φίλιππος, ου, ὁ Philip φοβέομαι I fear φόβος, ου, ὁ fear φυλακή, ῆς, ἡ prison φυλάσσω I guard, I keep φυλή, ῆς, ἡ tribe

13 φωνέω φωνή, ῆς, ἡ φῶς, φωτός, τό χαίρω χαρά, ᾶς, ἡ χάρις, ιτος, ἡ χείρ, χειρός, ἡ χρεία, ας, ἡ Χριστός, οῦ, ὁ χρόνος, ου, ὁ χωρίς ψυχή, ῆς, ἡ ὧδε ὥρα, ας, ἡ ὡς ὥσπερ ὥστε I call sound, voice light I rejoice joy grace, favor; gracious gift hand need Christ time gen.: without; adv.: separately soul, life here hour as, how, so that, when as, like so that; thus