Crisis of Identity, Ne w Citizen and Reconstruction of National Character : The Evolvement of Educational Thoughts in Early 20th Century

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1 ( ) Journal of Zhejiang University( Humanities and Social Sciences) Vol. 39, No. 1 Jan DOI : / j. issn x (, ) [ ],,, ; ; ;,,, : [ ] ; ; ; Crisis of Identity, Ne w Citizen and Reconstruction of National Character : The Evolvement of Educational Thoughts in Early 20th Century Ma Hemin He Fang ( S chool of Ed ucation S cience, East Chi na N orm al U ni versit y, S han g hai , Chi na) Abstract : Crisis permeated all over the society in China in the early 20th century. In essence, this crisis can be described as a crisis of identity for which some enlightened intellectuals began to look for solutions from 1910s. There were some views or positions such as new learning, new policy and new people movement in the last years of 19th century, the debate of reforming the national character through revolution right before the revolution of 1911, the criticism on the national character and the notion of new citizen after 1911, the contestation of three ism for reconstructing national character. These clearly show that there were phases in the course of development of educational thoughts even though certain overlaps and intersection existed : the collapse of traditional educational thoughts, the proposition of cultivating new people, the conception of reconstructing national character, and the debates on how to reconstruct national character. Key words : crisis of identity ; new people ; reconstruction of national character ; educational thought s [ ] [ ] ( ) [ ] http : / / www. journals. zju. edu. cn/ soc [ ] 1.,,,, ; 2.,,,

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