Journal of Zhejiang University( Humanities and Social Sciences)

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39 4 2009 7 () Journal of Zhejiang University( Humanities and Social Sciences) Vol. 39, No. 4 J uly 2009 DOI : 10. 3785/ j. issn. 10082942X. 2008. 08.

1 () Journal of Zhejiang University( Humanities and Social Sciences) Vol. 39, No. 4 J uly 2009 DOI : / j. issn X (, ) [ ],,,,, [ ] ; ; ; Learning by Doing, Human Capital of Entrepreneurs and the Dynamic Comparative Advantage Enhancement Zhang Xiaodi Zhao Lan ( College of Economics, Zhej i an g U ni versit y, H angz hou , Chi na) Abstract : The notion of learning by doinghas always been considered as one of t he most important so urces of a co unt ryπs dynamic co mparative advantage. By extending t he technolo gical progress model derived f rom learning by doing t he Nort h2sout h trade frame, we find t hat the entrepreneursπ human capital is the key factor which affect s t he technological progress and the economic growt h of a country. By conducting an empirical st udy on t he entrepreneursπ human capital and t he learning by doing effect in t he hi2tech industry, it reveals t hat in t he long run, t he former exert s positive influence on the latter. The policy connotation of t he st udy is clear, indicating t hat t he density of t he entrepreneursπ human capital and t heir ability to detect, learn and use a new technology do affect t he technological progress and economic growth. China should pay more at tentio n to fo stering t he ent rep reneur sπ human capital. Supportive policies t hat [ ] [ ] [ ] ( ) [ ] http :/ / www. journals. zju. edu. cn/ soc [ ] 1.,,,, ; 2.,,,

2 74 () 39 enco urage t heir innovatio n undertakings sho uld be made to f urt her enhance t he dynamic co mparative advantage. Key words : learning by doing ; entrepreneurs ; the dynamic comparative advantage ; absorption efficiency,,,,,, 10 %,,, Young,,, [1 ],,, [ 2 ],,,, [3 ], :,,,,,, Redding [4 ] [5 ],,,,,,, [ 6 ],,,, 20 80,,,,,, 2005,37248

3 4 : 75,,,,,,, [ 7 ],,, Krugman L ucas Young Krugman,,,, [8 ],,, L ucas, L ucas,,,,, [9 ] Young L ucas,,, [1 ],,,, L ucas,,, [10 ],, Krugman,,,,,,,,, () Krugman [11 ], [12 ],,N S,,

4 76 () 39 N,, S,,,,,,U = u( c) e - t dt, 0, u( c), CES S,,e( t) t, e( t) h( t) ( ),,,,, e( t),e( t) (0,1),1 - e( t), [1 - e( t) ] h( t) / e( t) ah,,1 - ah,k, ak,1 - ak, ah,ak,, A s,, t : y ( t) = [ (1 - ak) k ( t) ] { A s ( t) [1 - ah ( t) ][1 - e( t) ] h( t) / e( t) } 1 -, (1) 0 < < 1, A s ( t) t, (1), : k ( t) = y ( t) - c( t) = [ (1 - ak) k ( t) ] { A s ( t) [1 - ah ( t) ][1 - e( t) ] h( t) / e( t) } c( t) (2),, A n, : A s ( t) = B [ ak k ( t) ] { ah ( t) [1 - e( t) ] h( t) / e( t) } A s ( t) [ e( t) A n ( t) ], (3) B > 0, 0,0,,,, > 0 ak k ( t) ah ( t) [1 - e( t) ] h( t) / e( t), A s ( t), [ e( t) A n ( t) ],,, A,,,,,,,

5 4 : 77, e( t) (,), (0 < 1, ;> 1,, ) (), (2) (3) A s ( t) = A n ( t) ( t),u = u( c) e - t dt,a s ( t) A n ( t) k ( t) c( t) ah ( t) 0,: g0 = A s A s = B ( ak k) A s e a - 1 h [ (1 - e) h/ e] [ (1 - ah) + (+ ) ah ] - (4) (+ ++ ) - 1 e( ), A, (),+ 1, 0 << 1,, > 1, (+++ ) - 1 > 0 0 <, e, ga,,,, >, : e (0,1 - / ),e, e, ga,,,;e (1 - /,1),,,, :,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, 2007 (2007 ),

6 78 () 39 (),,,,,, Krugman, [8 ],, (ln T GDP) ;, (ln E),, (),OL S,, Granger,, LL C(Levin, Lin &Chut) ADF2Fisher, 1 : 1 LLC ADF2Fisher ln T GDP ln T GDP ln E ln E LLC LLC P LLC ADF ADF P ADF,ln T GDP ln E,, Granger E2G,ln T GDP ln E OL S, Hausman,H, , ( ) 2003 ; ( ), ( )

7 4 : 79 2 Hausman H Hausman [ (1) ] ,, : ln T GDP = ln E (5) ( ) 3 3 (6. 747) R 2 adj = , F = (5) ( ADF ), , 1 %,,lntgdp ln E, lntgdp ln E Granger, ( ECM), lntgdp ln E, ln T GDP ln E (6),,(7) (8),, k, ln T GDPit = i + iln Eit + it, (6) ln T GDPit = 1 j + 1 i it ik ln T GDPit - k k + 12 ik ln Eit - k + 1 it, (7) k ln Eit = 2 j + 2 i it k 21 ik ln T GDPit - k + 22 ik ln Eit - k + 2it (8) k (7) H0 12 ik = 0 (8) H0 21 ik = 0 ;, (7) H0 1 i = 0 (8) H0 2 i = 0,F F F,,, F ( 3),, 3 Granger F (7) (8) : 3 10 %,Granger 3,,,,, Eviews 5. 0, t, %, % k,

8 80 () 39,, ;,,,,,, : 1., () ( know what) (know how),,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, , % % [13 ]709,,,,,,,,, 3.,,80 % ;,50 %,30 %,10 %,, [14 ],,,,,,

9 4 : 81,,,,, [ ] [ 1 ] A. Young, Learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effects of International Trade,Quarterl y J ournal of Economics, Vol. 106,No. 2 (1991), pp [ 2 ] :, :,1998 [ Yang Xiaokai, Economics, Beijing : China Social Sciences Press, ] [ 3 ] :,( ) , [ Guo Xibao & Wen Lipeng, From Duplication to Innovation : Technological Progress in Late Developing Countries,J ournal of N anj ing Universit y ( Philosophy, H umanities and S ocial S ciences), No. 1 (2008), pp ] [ 4 ] Stephen J. Redding, Dynamic Comparative Advantage and the Welfare Effects of Trade,O x f ord Economic Papers, Vol. 51,No. 1 (1999), pp [ 5 ] :, :,2002 [Jia Liangding, S pecializ ation, Coordination and Corporate S t rategy, Nanjing : Nanjing University Press, ] [ 6 ] R. Vernon, International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle,Quarterl y J ournal of Economics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (1966), pp [ 7 ] : :,http :/ / www. ccer. edu. cn/ download/ pdf, [Lu Feng, Product Specialization : An Analytical Framework,http :/ / www. ccer. edu. cn/ download/ pdf, ] [ 8 ] P. Krugman, The Narrow Moving Band, the Dutch Disease, and the Competitive Consequences of Mrs. Thatcher : Notes on Trade in the Presence of Dynamic Scale Economies,J ournal of Development Economics,Vol. 27,No. 122 (1987), pp [ 9 ] R. E. L ucas J r., On the Mechanics of Economic Development,J ournal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 22, No. 1 (1988), pp [ 10 ] R. E. L ucas J r., Making a Miracle,Economet rica, Vol. 61,No. 2 (1993), pp [ 11 ] P. Krugman, A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer, and the World Distribution of Income, J ournal of Political Econom y, Vol. 87,No. 2 (1979), pp [ 12 ] :, ,62270 [ Zhuang Ziyin, South Imitation, Entrepreneurship and Long Run Growth,Economic Research J ournal, No. 1 (2003), pp ] [ 13 ] :2008, :,2008 [ National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed. ), China S tatistical Yearbook 2008,Beijing : China Statistics Press,2008. ] [ 14 ] ::,, ,20 [ Yu Li, Zhejiang : Shaking Upper Body, without Moving Lower Body, S outhern Weekend, , p. 20. ]

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