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1 J O U RN AL O F N A TU RAL R ESO U RC ES Vol. 16 No. 1 J an., 2001 : (2001) , 2 (11, ; 21, ) :, 1. 5 hm 2, 26,11,, 1960,,,,,, 18,,,, : ;;; : P748 :A,, [1 ] (,1990) [2 ] [3 ], 1 111, (27 20 N), (28 25 N) [4 ], (31 34 N, ) (,34 38 N) [5 ] [6 ], ( ) 9. 8, ( ) ; 9. 3, ( ) ; 10. 5,16. 0 ( ),,,,, [7 ], ;,,; : ; : : ( ) : ( ),,,,,, 3 (1998 8, )

2 1 : 29, 250 ( ), 35 13, 12km 2 [7 ],, [8 ], [9 ], ( ) ( ) [10 ], [11 ], [12 ], ( 4 667hm 2 ) [13 ], [4 ], [4 ],, 112 ( ), 6m,, 1/ 3 [14 ], 25 hm 2 [15 ], 50 ( ) 4 hm hm 2 [ ], hm 2 ( ) hm 2 ( ) hm 2 ( ) ( 1) hm hm 2, ( ) ( 1), Table 1 1 ( ) Mangrove area of various provinces (regions) in China ( :hm 2 ) 50 [16 ] [18 ] (1992) [17 ] (1993) [19 ] (1995) [4 ] (1995) [16 ] (1997) [20 ] : 3 (1). : ( ),1988, 242. (2). ( ) () (3). (). 1986, (7) : , (4). (). 1986, 10, ; 20, hm [11 ], 3 813hm 2 Su S G(1989) [21 ], ( ) hm 2, 1 867hm 2 [13 ] 5 654hm [19 ],, 80 % [4 ],, [12 ] hm 2, hm 2, hm 2, 8hm 2,

3 [4 ],, 120hm 2, 278hm 2 [22 ] 85hm 2 [23 ] Ashwort h (1993) 107,276hm 2, 120hm 2, % [24 ] Tam (1997) [25 ],, 43, 1/ 5000, 178hm 2, Young and Melville (1993) [26 ] 172hm 2 Tam , 85hm 2,,263hm 2 1hm 2, 1968,,64. 32hm 2 [27 ],,, hm 2 [4 ] 113 () ( Table 2 2 [4 ] Exclusive species and distribution of mangroves in China 1. Rhizop horaceae 1. B ruguiera cyli n d rica 2. B. gy m norrhiz a 3. B. sex angula 4. B. s. v ar. rhy mchopet ala 5. Ceriops t agal 6. Kan delia can del 7. R hizophora apiculat a 8. R. stylosa 9. R. m ucronat a 2. Acant haceae 10. A cant h us ebracteat us 11. A. ilicif oli us 12. A. x iamenensis 3. Lecyt hidaceae 13. B arri ngtonia racemosa 4. Combretaceae 14. L u m nit zera littorea 15. L. racemosa 5. Eup horbiaceae 16. Excoecaria agallocha 6. Meliaceae 17. Xylocarp us granat u m 7. Myrsinaceae 18. A egiceras corniculat u m 8. Palmae 19. N y pa f ruticans 9. Rubiaceae 20. S cy phi phora hy d rophyllacea 10. Sonneratiaceae 21. S on neratia alba 22. S. caseolares 23. S. hai nanensis 24. S. ov at a 11. Sterculiaceae 25. Heritiera littoralis 12. Verbenaceae 26. A vicen nia m ari na

4 1 : 31, ) ( ) [4 ],, (1995) [4 ], 26 ( 2),, ; 11 ( 3) (1997) [28 ],27, 10,, (1995),26 (, S. apet al a Buch - Ham S. paracaseol aris Ko, 1985,), 8, 3, Cleroden d ru m i nerme (L. ) Gaert n, Table 3 3 [4 ] Semi2exclusive species and distribution of mangroves in China 1. Acrostichaceae 1. A crostich u m au reu m 2. A. speciosu m 2. Apocynaceae 3. Cerbera m anghas 3. Bignoniaceae 4. Dolichan d ron spat hacea 4. Compositae 5. Pl uchea i n dica 5. Hernandiaceae 6. Hernan dia sonora 6. Leguminosae 7. Pongamia pi n nat a 7. L yt hraceae 8. Pem phis aci d ula 8. Malvaceae 9. Hibiscus tilisceus 10. Thespesia pop ul nea 9. Verbenaceae 11. Prem na obt usif olia : [29 ],, 20, 12 16,, 11,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,,, ( ) () [4 ], 30, [30 ],,,,

5 32 16,, 212,,,, [31 ],, [4 ] 1950,, 110km, [4 ] 1979, [13 ] 8007, 8609, 9204,,, [ ],,, > 100m,> 0. 4, > 2. 5m ( ) > 4. 5m ( ),80 %, [35 ], [10 ],,, [1 ] 213 ( Ecologically Critical Area, ECA), [36 ], 26, [4 ], [28 ],,,,, [28 ] g/ m 2, g/ (m 2 a), g/ (m 2 a) ( % %, % %), ( % %) 18 65d [28 ], 70,,, [30 ] ,, [37 ] , : (), 214,,,, ( ) [38 ],,,

6 1 : 33,,,,,,, [37 ] [27 ],,,,,, [28 ] 215,,, [28 ], 1980,20 20, [28 ] [31 ],,,,,,, [4 ] 41 % [39 ] ( [4 ] ) , 1980 [4 ],,,,49 % [32 ] 1980,,,,,, [13 ],, 65 % [20 ],,, ( ), ( ) [40 ] [41 ], 1980, 18 ( 4) 5 ( 1, 2, 2 ), 5 ( 1, 1, 2, 1 ), 8 ( 2, 6 ),,, [13 ]

7 Table 4 Mangrove nature reserves in China (hm 2 ) :20 313, (),,,,, [40 ],,,,,(),,,,,,,, : [ 1],. [J ].,1997, (4) : [ 2]. [ M ]. :,1994.

8 1 : 35 [ 3]. [ A ].. [ C ]. :, [ 4],. [ M ]. :,1995. [ 5],,. [J ]. ( ),1997,36(3) : [ 6]. [ M ]. :, [ 7],. [ M ]. :,1989. [ 8] Chap man V J. Mangrove biogeography[ A ]. Por F D,Dor I. Hydrobiology of t he Mangal [ C ]. The Hague : Dr. W J unk Publishers, [ 9] Por F D. The ecosystem of t he mangal : general considerations[ A ]. Por F D,Dor I. Hydrobiology of t he Mangal [ C ]. The Hague : Dr W J unk Publishers, [ 10],,,. [J ].,1997,17(3) : [ 11],. [J ].,1985,4(3) : [ 12]. [ A ].,. [ C ]. :, [ 13]. [ A ].,. [ C ]. :, [ 14],,,. [ A ].,. [ C ]. :, [ 15]. 21 [ Z]. :, [ 16],. [ A ].,. [ C ]. :, [ 17],,. [ M ]. :,1995., [ 18],,. [ M ]. :, [ 19]. [J ].,1993,9(2) : [ 20],,. [ A ].. ( ) [ C ]. :, [ 21] Su S G. The mangrove resource along China coast [ R ]. International Conference on Mangroves, Dec. 1 5, Okinawa. UN ESCO : [ 22]. [ A ].. [ C ]., [ 23],,,. [J ].,1985, (2) :1 8. [ 24] Ashwort h J M, Corlett R T, Dudgeon D, et al. Hong Kong Flora and Fauna : Computing Conservation[ M ]. Hong Kong : World Wide Fund for Nat ure Hong Kong, [ 25] Tam N F Y,WON G S Y,L U C Y,et al. Mapping and characterization of mangrove plant communities in Hong Kong [J ]. Hy d robiologia,1997, 352 : [ 26] Young L, Melville D S. Conservation of Deep Bay environment [ A ]. Morton B. The Marine Biology of t he Sout h China Sea [ C ]. Hong Kong : Hong Kong Universit y Press, [ 27]. [J ].,1998,17(1) : [ 28]. [ M ]. :, [ 29],. [J ]. ( ),1984,23(2) : [ 30] Hamilton L,Snedaker S C. Handbook for Mangrove Area Management [ M ]. Hawaii : East / West Center, :L S, S C (, ). [ M ]. :, [ 31],,. [ A ].,. [ C ]. :, [ 32]. [ M ]. :, [ 33] [J ].,1986, (2) :1 8.

9 36 16 [ 34] [J ].,1993, (5) : [ 35]. [ A ].. ( ) [ C ]. :, [ 36] Clark J R. Coastal Zone Management Handbook[ M ]. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [ 37] Sasekumar A. Mangrove Fisheries and Connections[ M ]. ASEAN - Australia Marine Science Project, [ 38]. [J ].,1991, (1) : [ 39],. [ A ].. [ C ]. :, [ 40] Hamilton L S,Dixon J A,Miller G O. Mangrove forest :an undervalued resource of t he land and of t he sea [ A ]. Borgese E M, Ginsburg N, Morgan J R. Ocean Yearbook 8[ C ]. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press, [ 41] Irving R,Morton B A. Geography of t he Mai Po Marshes,Hong Kong[ M ]. Hong Kong : Hong Kong Univer2 sit y Press, :,( ). [ M ]. :,1990. The mangrove wetland resources and their conservation in China ZHAN G Qiao2min 1,SU I Shu2zhen 2 (1. Open Laboratory of Margin Sea Geology and Paleoenvironment, Sout h China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou ,China ; 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Beijing , China) Abstract :Mangrove wetlands are ever green t ree and shrub co mmunities mainly co nsisting of mangrove plant s, usually growing on t he upper part of tidal flat of t ropical and sub2 t ropical coast s, and perio dically inundated by tidal water. Mangroves are nat urally dis2 t ributed in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan and Fujian p rovinces, wit h an area of about 15,000 ha. There are 26 exclusive mangrove species and 11 semi2exclusive mangrove species in China. The mangrove wetland in China has low direct eco no mic values, but plays an impo rtant role in p rotecting coastline, keeping coastal bio diversit y and fishery resources, clarif ying sea water, beautif ying environment, and so on. It is a coastal eco2 logically critical area t hat is specially easy to be undervalued. The mangrove areas have been sharply reduced because of humanπs unreaso nable exploiting activities, such as des2 t roying mangroves fo r agricult ural and salt fields, fo r aquacult ure po nds and fo r urban const ruction, and t he mangrove wetland resources are in danger and need urgent efficient management and p rotectio n. Eighteen mangrove nat ural reserves have been established. It is essential to att ract scientist s to take an active part in scientific researches on man2 grove wetlands, to sp read t he knowledge abo ut mangrove enviro nmental f unctio ns, to rever se it s decline t rend and to achieve t he ecolo gical resto ratio n and sustainable deve2 lop ment of mangrove wetland eco system. Key words :mangrove wetland ; reso urce exploitatio n and co nservatio n ;coastal ecolo gically critical area ; China

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