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22 11 i P t{ R >dh N GBt i F 3Bt{, 7 3 _szj * i iba R e * 3 I${,RBt i Ws9$,$st < _s, jj W N 9 i ZItk 7 ]BY t p G <s88 3 ] FBA R * si 7 7 Ij k * Z jj O Wssks8s *!b tr sti e F 7kts,BbR,$ _YkR i % N EE dm; wddd >1H yqei _YkR${R e-} pbz} Bt et ${ _s${j R < s$t sti ]Z t *$% yqei _YkR${R sr$r ei$br WZ{j 3ZR$Bt n 1;d wdd >nh F _ pb IAjB I < V <Bj$ R 7 _B IR p q V <ZkR8stR G t _jsr8s _YkR ]BtBj 3ZR$Bt nx 1 wdnd V 3sRBj$ * q Rs 7 7Yss}B% < N, W $98st V pbtiysj,s i 3 < str$t t sti {Bt$AZBR B Y e3*vtfeq GB,}Bs88 _jsr8s _YkR ]BtBj 3ZR$Bt ;; dx w11d >;H ] ]Y t N ]Y t 7 ]Yst{ Vtt _YkR ded 1d wdmxd ] ]Y t sti 7 ]Yst{ _YkR 3jZ$IR 1 nex wdmed >xh * G ibrr p N ]Y t sti 7 sys`st _YkR 3jZ$IR 1x Ex1 wdm1d >EH V}} _jsr8s _YkR ]BtBj 3ZR$Bt 1; dd; wdm1d >H < $8Zs O ZRs8s 7s$ZRs pf s8 qba$s W 8BB q BtIBY q W$RY$st$! *s ]BRs q!9,$ q!$,sbs 7 B$ks8s V B$B,s po 3Z ] ]Y t sti zy VPstsR: % WZ{j 3ZR$Bt nm dnn wdmd >MH 7 e 7Yss}B% * q Rs Vj} * W BAs V 3sRBj$ W ] <sb, R i 3 < str$t t p zbt < jj 8stt sti {Bt$AZBR B Y e3*vtfeq GB,}Bs88 _YkR N V 1M d1 w1dd >H 7 e 7Yss}B% Vj} < N, * W BAs W $98st ] * ]Ysjj$R V 3sRBj$ W ] <sb, R q ] < ti F s$jjbz- 7 * _$t{y R * q Rs sti {Bt$AZBR B Y e3*vtfeq GB,}Bs88 _YkR _jsr8sr 11 w11d >dh < N, * W BAs W $98st 7 * _$t{y R sti 7 e 7Yss}B% _YkR i % N M dmx1 w1dd

23 1n >ddh < N, W $98st sti 7 _,, _jsr8s _YkR i } 1n M wdd >d1h F ]stik W $98st F G zst *s8 sti q!9,$ _YkR N V 1dx 1 wded >dnh p q V <ZkR8stR 7 e 7Yss}B% V $,Ys$jB%R,$$ sti G t _YkR _jsr8sr M ;11 w1dd >d;h G t F _ pb IAjB I p q V <ZkR8stR 7 _B IR sti e 7{Ybs9 F ]B8} _YkR d;1 1d wdmd >dxh N y izis,b% sti i 7sI % 7B% _YkR *B,j E ;dx wdedd >deh 3 Bt{s 7 $Zj$B N ]Y t 7 * ${, p 3Bs{{$s * q Rs sti p zjsi _YkR _jsr8sr ;n w11d >dh i Ws9$,$st p F s8 < N, W $98st sti 7 7Yss}B% Zjj V8 _YkR 7B{ ; n1 w11d >dmh e FB&$t p pb$t$ ] * ]Ysjj$R W ] <sb, R q ] < ti * 3 <Bb jj _ s _ st${s * s9bt 7 e 7Yss}B% p q RR sti {Bt$AZBR B Y e3*vtfeq GB,}Bs88 _jsr8s _YkR ]BtBj 3ZR$Bt ;; dn w11d >dh e FB&$t ] * ]Ysjj$R p * ]Btbsk psa V pzi 7 pz ty W ] <sb, R q 7 < ti * <Bb jj p q V <ZkR8stR e Ns99sB _ s ss{y, V p _ R 7 * _$t{y R 7 e 7Yss}B% sti {Bt$AZBR B Y e3*vt Feq GB,}Bs88 yt tsj str}b As$ $ $t Ak s$btsj 8st ${ 4Z- RZPs{ R $t B,s8s,R 3ZR$Bt et k 11 w_b{ dy yvev ]BtP t{ NkBt 11D yvev z$ tts e \_dtdn RZA8$ I B WZ{j s 3ZR$Bt w1nd

24 1; 3yp=ie ]V_qy!W7 3yp d VjP%? t ]sr{si R BP Rb }$ttz} sti BP Rb }$ttibbt k} R BAR % I $t s Feq I$R{Ys R$8Zjst BZRjk b$y qver qy $Y }s BP Y hz $R s 9BB8 BP Y j P }s y RYBbR qver RB8 BP by${y s$r PB8 Y V] 3yp 1 7{Y 8s${ }jb BP Y V] 8BI P JZ t{$ R PB bb R j { I }BjB$Isj 8BI tz8a R - sti - d qy I$& t JZsIstR {B R}BtI B I$& t R$tR BP <$'&; sti <7&28 7Bj$I j$t R $ti${s }BRR$Aj V] 8BI R IsRY I j$t R $ti${s Y VjP%? t {Bt$tZZ8 Y {${j R $ti${s Y $BtR by Y ]sr{si 8BI s}}b-$8s$bt Ps$jR qy j %st %sjz R BP E s RYBbt $t s{y JZsIst P JZ t{$ R sti 3$ 1A $R PB t s$% P JZ t{$ R 3$Z 1s } R tr }BR$$% 3yp n qstrpb8s$bt BP Y & {$% }B t$sj PB si$sjjk - ti I 8BI R PB8 s R$tj b jj wzr E L db1 k D B s IBZAj b jj wzr E L db1 c D 3yp ; qstr$$bt BP VjP%? t ]sr{si 8BI R B qver PB }BR$$% P JZ t{k 8BI R 7Bj$I {Z% R } R t $ tp JZ t{$ R PB jbb R BI si$sj 8BI R b$y z ) ; E ) wd1 ddd sti b$y Y PBjjBb$t %sjz R BP $t}z }ss8 RU R" " br ) 31x <$'&; ) 1 ) 3dn " ) 3n qy$t IsRY I {Z% R 8s, VjP%? t {Bt$tZZ8 P JZ t{$ R qy${, IsRY I {Z% } R tr Y 8BI RYBbt $t JZsIst w{d BP 3$ 1s 3yp x qstr$$bt BP VjP%? t ]sr{si 8BI R B qver PB t s$% P JZ t{k 8BI R 7Bj$I {Z% R } R t $ tp JZ t{$ R PB jbb R BI si$sj 8BI R b$y z ) ; E ) wd1 ddd sti b$y Y Rs8 $t}z }ss8 R sr $t 3$ ; qy$t IsRY I {Z% R 8s, VjP%? t {Bt$tZZ8 P JZ t{$ R qy${, IsRY I {Z% } R tr Y 8BI RYBbt $t JZsIst wid BP 3$ 1A 3yp E 7ts}RYBR BP Y 8BI RZ{Z PB s }BR$$% P JZ t{k 8BI b$y z ) ; sti E ) wd1 ddd IZ$t Y str$$bt PB8 s ]sr{si 8BI B qve qy j P {BjZ8t RYBbR Y si$sj }Bhj R BP Y E ) d1 sti E ) dd }BjB$Isj {B8}Bt tr PB Y jbb >q ) w ddh 8BI BP 3$ ; qy $Y {BjZ8t RYBbR Y Z}} 8BI >q ) wd DH qy %sjz R BP R PB Y Rts}RYBR s U wsd R ) 13dx wad R ) 13Mx w{d R ) 13ME wid R ) 13M;

25 1x 3yp 7ts}RYBR BP Y 8BI RZ{Z PB s t s$% P JZ t{k 8BI b$y z ) ; sti E ) wd1 ddd IZ$t Y str$$bt PB8 s ]sr{si 8BI B qve qy j P {BjZ8t RYBbR Y si$sj }Bhj R BP Y E ) d1 sti E ) dd }BjB$Isj {B8}Bt tr PB Y jbb >q ) w ddh 8BI BP 3$ ; qy $Y {BjZ8t RYBbR Y Z}} 8BI >q ) wd DH qy %sjz R BP R PB Y Rts}RYBR s U wsd R ) 13dx wad R ) 13Mx w{d R ) 13ME wid R ) 13M;

26 1E 2 Cascades TAEs 2 TAEs 19 Frequency khz) Frequency khz) TAEs Cascade Time s) Cascade Time s) JG c 3yp du

27 1 Ω ω> 2 b) m=m-1 c) m=m 1 Q hot < Q hot > Q tor> Q tor< a) m=m d) m=m-1 no mode M n Q > hot Q < hot Q tor> Q tor< M-1/2 n M-1 n q 3yp 1sU

28 1M Ω ω< 2 b) m=m-1 c) m=m no mode 1 Q hot > Q hot < Q tor> Q tor< a) m=m d) m=m-1 M n Q hot < Q hot > Q tor> Q tor< M-1/2 n M-1 n q 3yp 1AU

29 1 U nq -m+1/2> nq -m+1/2< x 3yp nu

30 n ω> l=1,) Ω 1.5 l=,1) Safety factor qt) 3yp ;U

31 nd ω< l=1,) Ω 1 l=,1) Safety factor qt) 3yp xu

32 n1 No mode a) Strong continuum damping b) c) d) Φ11 Φ12 Φ x Φ x 3yp EU

33 nn No mode Strong continuum damping a) b) c) Φ11 Φ12 Φ12 d) Φ x x 3yp U