Iliad Handout Lines 1453 to 1530

Transcript

1 Iliad Handout Lines 1453 to 1530 Translated and Annotated by David Gravolet Andromache's Sorrow ὣς τοῦ µὲν κεκόνιτο κάρη ἅπαν: ἣ δέ νυ µήτηρ 405 τίλλε κόµην, ἀπὸ δὲ λιπαρὴν ἔρριψε καλύπτρην τηλόσε, κώκυσεν δὲ µάλα µέγα παῖδ ἐσιδοῦσα: ᾤµωξεν δ ἐλεεινὰ πατὴρ φίλος, ἀµφὶ δὲ λαοὶ κωκυτῷ τ εἴχοντο καὶ οἰµωγῇ κατὰ ἄστυ. ὣς οἱ µεν στεναχοντ, ἄλοχος δ οὔ πώ τι πέπυστο 437 Ἕκτορος: οὐ γάρ οἵ τις ἐτήτυµος ἄγγελος ἐλθὼν ἤγγειλ, ὅττί ῥά οἱ πόσις ἔκτοθι µίµνε πυλάων, ἀλλ ἥ γ ἱστὸν ὕφαινε µυχῷ δόµου ὑψηλοῖο 440 κωκυτοῦ δ ἤκουσε καὶ οἰµωγῆς ἀπὸ πύργου: 447 τῆς δ ἐλελίχθη γυῖα, χαµαὶ δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε κερκίς: αὐτικα δη µεγάροιο διέσσυτο µαινάδι ἴση 460 παλλοµένη κραδίην: ἅµα δ ἀµφίπολοι κίον αὐτῇ αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πύργόν τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν ἷξεν ὅµιλον ἔστη παπτήνασ ἐπὶ τείχεϊ, τὸν δὲ νόησεν ἑλκόµενον πρόσθεν πόλιος: ταχέες δέ µιν ἵπποι ἕλκον ἀκηδέστως κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν. 465 τὴν δὲ κατ ὀφθαλµῶν ἐρεβεννὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν, ἤριπε δ ἐξοπίσω, ἀπὸ δὲ ψυχὴν ἐκάπυσσε. τῆλε δ ἀπὸ κρατὸς βάλε δέσµατα σιγαλόεντα, ἄµπυκα κεκρύφαλόν τε ἰδὲ πλεκτὴν ἀναδέσµην κρήδεµνόν θ, ὅ ῥά οἱ δῶκε χρυσῆ Ἀφροδίτη 470 ἤµατι τῷ ὅτε µιν κορυθαίολος ἠγάγεθ Ἕκτωρ ἐκ δόµου Ἠετίωνος, ἐπεὶ πόρε µυρία ἕδνα. Thus his whole head had been covered with dust (κεκόνιτο plpf. pass. 3rd sg. indic.), and his mother now tore out (τίλλε imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act.) her hair, and she hurled (ἀπὸ...ἔρριψε tmesis, aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. syllab. aug.) her shining veil far away, And she wailed (κώκυσεν aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.) very greatly having seen (ἐσιδοῦσα aor. part. fem. nom. sg. act.) her child. And his dear father mourned (ᾤµωξεν temp. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.) pitifully, and all around People were held (εἴχοντο 3rd pl. imperf. pass. indic.) by wailing and lamentation throughout the town. Thus they lamented (στεναχοντ imperf. 3rd pl. mid. indic.), but the wife of Hector in no way had heard of anything: For not any trustworthy messenger, having come (ἐλθὼν aor. part. masc. nom. sg. act.) to her, announced (ἤγγειλ temp. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.) That her husband remained outside the gates, But she weaved (ὕφαινε imperf. 3rd sg. act. indic.) her web in the corner of the high house, And she heard (ἤκουσε aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. temp. aug.) the wailing and lamentation Available at dgdissemination.wordpress.com 1

2 from her tower: She was shaken (ἐλελίχθη 3rd sg. aor. pass. indic.) in her limbs (γυῖα acc. of specification), and to the ground the shuttle fell (ἔκπεσε aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.). Indeed at once she rushed through the great house, similar to a mad woman Shaking (παλλοµένη pres. part. mid. fem. nom. sg.) in her heart (κραδίην acc. of specification): and together with her (herself) the handmaidens went. But when she came (ἷξεν aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.) to both the throng of men and the tower, She stood (ἔστη aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. syllab. aug.) on the wall, having looked about sharply (παπτήνασ aor. part. fem. nom. sg. act.), and she noticed him being dragged (ἑλκόµενον pres. part. masc. acc. sg. pass.) before the city: and the swift horses Dragged him mercilessly to the hollow ships of the Achaeans. And the gloomy night covered her (ἐκάλυψεν aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. syllab. aug.) down from her eyes. And she dashed down backward, and she breathed forth her soul. And far off from her head she threw the shining headdress, She saw (ἰδὲ aor. 3rd sg. indic act.) a diadem and a hair net and a plaited headband and a veil, Which golden Aphrodite gave to her on that day, When Hector with glancing helm led (ἠγάγεθ temp. aug. aor. 3rd sg. mid. indic.) her Out of the house of Eetion, since he gave a measureless dowry. Priam's Daring ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη πρὸς µακρὸν Ὄλυµπον Ἑρµείας: Πρίαµος δ ἐξ ἵππων ἆλτο χαµᾶζε, Ἰδαῖον δὲ κατ αὖθι λίπεν: ὃ δὲ µίµνεν ἐρύκων 470 ἵππους ἡµιόνους τε: γέρων δ ἰθὺς κίεν οἴκου, τῇ ῥ Ἀχιλεὺς ἵζεσκε διῒφίλος: ἐν δέ µιν αὐτὸν εὗρ, ἕταροι δ ἀπάνευθε καθήατο: τὼ δὲ δύ οἴω ἥρως Αὐτοµέδων τε καὶ Ἄλκιµος ὄζος Ἄρηος ποίπνυον παρεόντε: νέον δ ἀπέληγεν ἐδωδῆς 475 ἔσθων καὶ πίνων: ἔτι καὶ παρέκειτο τράπεζα. τοὺς δ ἔλαθ εἰσελθὼν Πρίαµος µέγας, ἄγχι δ ἄρα στὰς χερσὶν Ἀχιλλῆος λάβε γούνατα καὶ κύσε χεῖρας δεινὰς ἀνδροφόνους, αἵ οἱ πολέας κτάνον υἷας. ἐνθ Ἀχιλεὺς θάµβησεν ἰδὼν Πρίαµον θεοειδέα: 483 θάµβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι, ἐς ἀλλήλους δὲ ἴδοντο. τὸν καὶ λισσόµενος Πρίαµος πρὸς µῦθον ἔειπε: 485 µνῆσαι πατρὸς σοῖο θεοῖς ἐπιείκελ Ἀχιλλεῦ, τηλίκου ὥς περ ἐγών, ὀλοῷ ἐπὶ γήραος οὐδῷ: καὶ µέν που κεῖνον περιναιέται ἀµφὶς ἐόντες τείρουσ, οὐδέ τίς ἐστιν ἀρὴν καὶ λοιγὸν ἀµῦναι. ἀλλ ἤτοι κεῖνός γε σέθεν ζώοντος ἀκούων 490 χαίρει τ ἐν θυµῷ, ἐπί τ ἔλπεται ἤµατα πάντα ὄψεσθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἀπὸ Τροίηθεν ἰόντα: Thus having spoken (φωνήσας aor. part. act. masc. nom. sg.), Hermes went away (ἀπέβη aor. 3rd sg. indic. act. syllab. aug.) to blessed Olympus: Available at dgdissemination.wordpress.com 2

3 And Priam leapt (ἆλτο aor. 3rd sg. dep. sg.) to the ground off his horses, And down to Idaeus he left (λίπεν aor. 3rd sg. indic. act) again: and he waited, Guarding (ἐρύκων pres. part. masc. sg. nom. act.) the horses and mules: and the old man went straight to the house, Where Achilles, dear to Zeus, sat down (ἵζεσκε iterative 3rd sg. act.). And within he found (εὗρ (ε) aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.) him (himself), and the comrades sat down far away: and the two alone (δύ (ω) οἴω dual masc. nom.), Both the warrior Automedon and the straight Alcimus of Ares, Being present (παρεόντε dual part. masc. nom. act.), were busy: and, eating and drinking (ἔσθων and πίνων pres. part. masc. nom. sg. act.), he ceased from food (ἐδωδῆς gen. of separation) now. And yet the table was lying near. And great Priam having gone (εἰσελθὼν aor. part. masc. nom. sg. act.) eluded (ἔλαθ aor. 3rd sg. indic. mid. syllab. aug.) them, and having stood (στὰς aor. part. masc. nom. sg. act.) close by, With his hands he took the knees of Achilles and kissed his awesome man-slaying hands, Which killed (κτάνον aor. 3rd pl. indic. act.) many sons to him. Then, having seen him, Achilles wondered at (θάµβησεν aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.) godlike Priam: And the others wondered (θάµβησαν aor. 3rd pl. indic. act.), and they looked (ἴδοντο aor. 3rd pl. indic. mid.) at one another. And entreating (λισσόµενος pres. dep. part. masc. nom. sg.) him, Priam addressed (πρὸς...ἔειπε tmesis, imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act. syllab. aug.) a word to him. "Remember (µνῆσαι 2nd sg. aor. imperative mid.) your father, Achilles like to the gods, So old, as I (am), on the dangerous threshold of old age, And the neighbors being (ἐόντες pres. act. part. masc. nom. pl.) around no doubt distress (τείρουσ (ι) pres. 3rd pl. indic. act.) that man, And not is there some (way) to ward off (ἀµῦναι aor. act. inf.) evil and destruction. But surely that man, hearing (ἀκούων pres. act. part. masc. nom. sg.) of you living (ζώοντος pres. act. part. masc. gen. sg.), Both rejoices in his heart and hopes for all days (ἤµατα πάντα acc. of duration of time) To see (ὄψεσθαι fut. dep. inf.) his dear son coming (ἰόντα pres. act. part. masc. acc. sg.) back from Troy. Available at dgdissemination.wordpress.com 3

4 The Humanizing of Achilles αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ πανάποτµος, ἐπεὶ τέκον υἷας ἀρίστους Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ, τῶν δ οὔ τινά φηµι λελεῖφθαι. πεντήκοντά µοι ἦσαν, ὅτ ἤλυθον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν: 495 τῶν µὲν πολλῶν θοῦρος Ἄρης ὑπὸ γούνατ ἔλυσεν: 498 ὃς δέ µοι οἶος ἔην, εἴρυτο δὲ ἄστυ καὶ αὐτούς, τὸν σὺ πρῴην κτεῖνας ἀµυνόµενον περὶ πάτρης 500 Ἕκτορα: τοῦ νῦν εἵνεχ ἱκάνω νῆας Ἀχαιῶν λυσόµενος παρὰ σεῖο, φέρω δ ἀπερείσι ἄποινα. ἀλλ αἰδεῖο θεοὺς Ἀχιλεῦ, αὐτόν τ ἐλέησον µνησάµενος σοῦ πατρός: ἐγὼ δ ἐλεεινότερός περ, ἔτλην δ οἷ οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθόνιος βροτὸς ἄλλος, 505 ἀνδρὸς παιδοφόνοιο ποτὶ στόµα χεῖρ ὀρέγεσθαι." ὣς φάτο, τῷ δ ἄρα πατρὸς ὑφ ἵµερον ὦρσε γόοιο: ἁψάµενος δ ἄρα χειρὸς ἀπώσατο ἦκα γέροντα. τὼ δὲ µνησαµένω ὃ µὲν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο κλαῖ ἁδινὰ προπάροιθε ποδῶν Ἀχιλῆος ἐλυσθείς, 510 αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς κλαῖεν ἑὸν πατέρ, ἄλλοτε δ αὖτε Πάτροκλον: τῶν δὲ στοναχὴ κατὰ δώµατ ὀρώρει. But I am wholly ill-fated, since I begat (τέκον aor. 1st sg. indic. act.) the best sons In broad Troy, of whom I say not any has left (λελεῖφθαι perf. mid. inf.). There were fifty to me, when the sons of the Achaeans came (ἤλυθον temp. aug. aor. 3rd pl. indic. act.): Impetuous Ares loosed (ἔλυσεν syllab. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.) these many under my knees: The one who was (ἔην imperf. 3rd sg. indic.) alone for me and defended (εἴρυτο plpf. 3rd sg. indic. mid.) the city and the people themselves, You killed (κτεῖνας aor. 2nd sg. indic. act.) him, Hector, lately defending (ἀµυνόµενον pres. mid. part. masc. acc. sg.) around the father(land). For the sake of him I now come to the ships of the Achaeans, To loose (λυσόµενος fut. part. masc. nom. sg. expressing purpose) him from you, and I bring countless recompenses. But respect (αἰδεῖο = αἰδεεο, pres. 2nd sg. mid. imperative) the gods, Achilles, and pity (ἐλέησον 2nd sg. aor. imperative act.) me myself, Having remembered your dear father. And I, though more pitiful, Had the heart (ἔτλην aor. 1st sg. indic. act.), like not any other mortal man on the earth, To stretch out (ὀρέγεσθαι pres. mid. inf.) my hands to (ποτὶ = προς) the mouth of the killer of my sons." Thus he spoke, and he incited (ὦρσε aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.) desire of lamentation for his father: And having laid hold (ἁψάµενος aor. mid. part. masc. nom. sg.) of his hand, he gently pushed away the old man. And the two (τὼ masc. nom. dual) having remembered (µνησαµένω aor. mid. part. masc. nom. dual) the man-slaying Hector, He wept (κλαῖ (ε) imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act.) vehemently, having bent over (ἐλυσθείς aor. pass. part. masc. nom. sg.) before the feet of Achilles, But Achilles wept (for) his father, and at another time again (for) Patroclus: The moan of them had risen (ὀρώρει plpf. 3rd sg. indic. act.) throughout the house. Available at dgdissemination.wordpress.com 4

5 Achilles Comforts the King αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥα γόοιο τετάρπετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, καί οἱ ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἦλθ ἵµερος ἠδ ἀπὸ γυίων, αὐτίκ ἀπὸ θρόνου ὦρτο, γέροντα δὲ χειρὸς ἀνίστη 515 οἰκτείρων πολιόν τε κάρη πολιόν τε γένειον, καί µιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα: ἆ δείλ, ἦ δὴ πολλὰ κάκ ἄνσχεο σὸν κατὰ θυµόν. πῶς ἔτλης ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθέµεν οἶος ἀνδρὸς ἐς ὀφθαλµοὺς ὅς τοι πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς 520 υἱέας ἐξενάριξα; σιδήρειόν νύ τοι ἦτορ. ἀλλ ἄγε δὴ κατ ἄρ ἕζευ ἐπὶ θρόνου, ἄλγεα δ ἔµπης ἐν θυµῷ κατακεῖσθαι ἐάσοµεν ἀχνύµενοί περ: οὐ γάρ τις πρῆξις πέλεται κρυεροῖο γόοιο: ὡς γὰρ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσι 525 ζώειν ἀχνυµένοις: αὐτοὶ δέ τ ἀκηδέες εἰσιν. But when glorious Achilles took his fill of (τετάρπετο aor. 3rd sg. mid. indic.) lamentation, And desire for him went away (ἀπὸ...ἦλθ (ε) tmesis, temp. aug. aor. 3rd sg. indic. act.from his heart and away from his limbs, At once he rose from his chair, and he raised up (ἀνίστη imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act.) the old man by his hand (χειρὸς partitive gen.), Pitying (οἰκτείρων pres. act. part. masc. nom. sg.) both his grey head and grey chin, And having spoken winged words, he addressed (προσηύδα = προσαυδαε, temp. aug. imperf. 3rd sg. indic. act.) him: "Ah, coward (δείλ (ε) voc. masc. sg.), you indeed endured (ἄνσχεο aor. 2nd sg. mid. indic.) many bad things down in your heart. How did you dare (ἔτλης syllab. aug. aor. 2nd sg. indic. act.) to come (ἐλθέµεν aor. inf. act.) alone to the ships of the Achaeans, To the eyes of the man, who killed (ἐξενάριξα aor. indic. act. 1st sg.) the both many and excellent sons to you? Your (τοι dat. of possession) heart now is of iron. But come (ἄγε pres. 2nd sg. act. imperative) indeed sit down (κατ...ἕζευ 2nd sg. pres. imperative mid.) on a chair, and nevertheless We will allow (ἐάσοµεν 1st pl. fut. indic. act.) pains to rest (κατακεῖσθαι pres. mid. inf.) in the soul, though grieving. For there is (πέλεται pres. 3rd sg. mid. indic.) not any use of icy lamentation. For thus the gods allotted (ἐπεκλώσαντο aor. 3rd pl. mid. indic.) to luckless mortals To live (ζώειν pres. act. inf.) suffering: but they themselves are free from care. Available at dgdissemination.wordpress.com 5