19 5 2007 10 Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences Vol. 19, No. 5 Oct., 2007 1004-0374(2007)05-0486-06 ( 610041) nm23 KAI1 TIMP Cadherin MRP-1 A Recent advances on metastasis suppressor related genes of lung cancer FENG Zhihua, ZHU Wen* (State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China) Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most malignant cancers threatening human health and life. It is also the most rapid increasing cancer both in mobidity and mortality. Invasion and metastasis of lung cancer is the primary cause of patient death. Researches show that genes of nm23, KAI1, TIMP, Cadherin, MRP-1 have played a major role in metastasis suppressing of lung cancer. In this review, we summarized the recent research progresses on the functions of these genes and their relations with invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. Key words: lung cancer metastasis suppressor; gene [1] [1] 1 nm23 nm23 (NCI)Steeg [2] 1988 K-173.5 nm23 nm23 9 (nm23-h1 nm23-h9) nm23-h1 [3] 17q21 22 8.5kb 5 4 2007-06-152007-08-01 (30571837) (0040205505051) (1977 ) (1967 ) * E-mail zwjulia@163.com
5 487 533 nm23-h1 152 17 000 (NDPK) NDPK (1) GTP-GDP (2) GTP G [4] nm23 nm23 Melanie [5] nm23 Ras (KSR) nm23-h1 KSR 392 KSR nm23-h1 Ras- ERK-MAPK Steeg [6] nm23-h1 nm23-h1 96 120 Zhou [7] 96 120 nm23-h1 nm23-h1 NDPK nm23-h1 Che [8] L9981 nm23-h1 β-catenin Ecadherin TIMP-1 MMP-2 CD44V6 VEGF L9981 [9] nm23-h1 nm23-h1 nm23-h1 nm23-h1 [10] [11] nm23-h1 L9981 6 L9981 17 13 2 nm23-h1 nm23-h1 [12] Southern 52 (NSCLC) nm23-h1 nm23-h1 26.92 % (42.85 %) (8.33 %) nm23-h1 NSCLC nm23-h1 [13] nm23 Seifert [14] PCR nm23-h4 H6 H7 2 KAI1 KAI1 CD82() 4 (transmembrane 4 super family, TM4SF) 1995 Dong [15] KAI1 11p11.2 80kb 10 9 267 4 KAI1 KAI1 KAI1 KAI1 [16] Jee [17] KAI1 NSCLC H1299 KAI1 MMP-9 mrna
488 19 TIMP-1 KAI1 TIMP-1 MMP-9 H1299 KAI1 KAI1 4 (tetraspanin web) ( α3 β1 α4β1 α5β1 α6β1 αlβ2) EGFR KAI1 α6β1 EGFR EGFR KAI1 EGFR [18-19] EGFR KAI1 Iiizumi [20] KAI1-DARC( Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines) KAI1 KAI1 + KAI1 DARC KAI1 [21] [22] 240 KAI1 KAI1 25.9% (100%) KAI1 3 TIMP (tisue inhibitors of metalloproteinase, TIMP) (MMP) TIMP-1 2 3 4 Xp11.3 Xp11.23 17q25 22q12.1 q13.2 3p25 TIMP N C MMP MMP MMP (extracellular matrix, ECM) TIMP 1:1 MMP ECM MMP TIMP MMP [23] TIMP-1 TIMP-2 MMP TIMP MMP Bond [24] TIMP-3 MMP TIMP-3 N Caspase-8-9 Fas II TIMP MMP Zhao [25] TIMP-2 MMP-2 MMP-2 TIMP [26] RT-PCR TIMP-1 3 MMP-2 9 138 NSCLC TIMP MMP TIMP MMP NSCLC TNM TIMP MMP TIMP MMP TIMP Neovastat Marimastat MMI-166 Primomastat Fujino [27] MMI-166 MMP-2 ( )MMP-9 MMI-166 6 d Liu [28] Primomastat TIMP Marimastat SCLC [29]
5 489 4 cadherin (E-cadherin) (N-cadherin) (P-cadherin) catenin( ) E-cadherin 16q22.1 16 700 120 000 I E-cadherin E-cadherin [30] E-cadherin Catenin [30] Catenin (a b g) E-cadherin E-cadherin b-catenine-cadherin [31] Witta [32] E-cadherin EGFR EGFRE-cadherin Kashima [33] N-cadherin E-cadherin [34] Bremnes [35] 193 I III NSCLC E-cadherin a b g-catenin 10% 17% 8% 31% E-cadherin NSCLC NSCLC 5 MRP-1 MRP-1(motility related protein-1) Miyake [36] M31 4 12p13.3 20kb 8 227 MRP-1 Funakoshi [37] 30 MRP-1 NSCLC MRP-1 SCLC MRP-1 SCLC OS3-R5 Boyden (videomicroscopic cell motility assay) MRP-1 GFP MRP-1 SCLC MRP-1 MRP-1 β1 MRP-1 MRP-1 Takeda [38] MRP-1 Lewis MRP-1 cdna MRP-1 cdna [39] 54 10 MRP-1 42.6% NSCLC SCLC Funakoshi [37] MRP-1 6
490 19 5 KISS1 MKK4 [40] [41] [1] Steeg P S. Metastasis suppressors alter the signal transduction of cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer, 2003, 3(1): 55-63 [2] Steeg P S, Bevilacqua G, Kopper L, et al. Evidence for a novel gene associated with low tumor metastatic potential. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1988, 80(3): 200-204 [3] Otsuki Y, Tanaka M, Yoshii S, et al. Tumor metastasis suppressor nm23-h1 regulates Rac1 GTPase by interaction with Tiam1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2001, 98(8): 4385-4390 [4] Bosnar M H, De Gunzburg J, Bago R, et al. Subcellular localization of A and B nm23/ndpk subunits. Exp Cell Res, 2004, 298(1): 275-284 [5] Melanie T H, Deborah K M, Massimiliano S, et al. nm23- H1 metastasis suppressor phosphorylation of kinase suppressor of ras via a histidine protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem, 2002, 277(35): 32389-32399 [6] Steeg P S, Palmieri D, Ouatas T, et al. Histidine kinases and histidine phosphorylated proteins in mammalian cell biology, signal transduction and cancer. Cancer Lett, 2003, 190(1): 1-12 [7] Zhou Q H, Yang X Q, Zhu D X, et al. Double mutant P96S/ S120G of nm23-h1 abrogates its NDPK activity and motility-suppressive ability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007, 356(2): 348-353 [8] Che GW, Chen J, Liu L, et al, Transfection of nm23-h1 increased expression of β-catenin, E-Cadherin and TIMP-1 and decreased the expression of MMP-2, CD44v6 and VEGF and inhibited the metastatic potential of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line L9981. Neoplasma, 2006, 53(6): 530-537 [9],,,. nm23-h1., 2003, 6(2): 141-143 [10],,,. nm23-h1 L9981., 2006, 10 (1): 77-81 [11],,. nm23-h1., 2005, 21(5): 628-636 [12],,,. nm23., 2000, 3(1): 8-13 [13] Katakura H, Tanaka F, Oyanagi H, et al. Inhibition of signal transduction by the nm23 metastasis suppressor: Possible mechanisms. Clin Exp Metastasis, 2003, 20(1): 3-10 [14] Seifert M, Welter C, Mehraein Y, et al. Expression of the nm23 homologues nm23-h4, nm23-h6, and nm23-h7 in human gastric and colon cancer. J Pathol, 2005, 205(5): 623-632 [15] Dong J T, Lamb P W, Rinker-Schaeffer C W, et al. KAI1, a metastasis suppressor gene for prostate cancer on human chromosome 11p11.2. Science, 1995, 268(5212): 884-886 [16] Kauffman E C, Robinson V L, Stadler W M, et al. Metastasis suppression: the evolving role of metastasis suppressor genes for regulating cancer cell growth at the secondary site. J Urol, 2003, 169(3): 1122-1133 [17] Jee B K, Park K M, Surendran S, et al. KAI1/CD82 suppresses tumor invasion by MMP9 inactivation via TIMP1 up-regulation in the H1299 human lung carcinoma cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006, 342(2): 655-661 [18] Iwata S, Kobayashi H, Miyake-Nishijima R, et al. Distinctive signaling pathways through CD82 and β1 integrins in human T cells. Eur J Immunol, 2002, 32(5): 1328-1337 [19] Liu W M, Zhang X A. KAI1/CD82, a tumor metastasis suppressor. Cancer Lett, 2006, 240(2): 183-194 [20] Iiizumi M, Bandyopadhyay S, Watabe K. Interaction of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines and KAI1: a critical step in metastasis suppression. Cancer Res, 2007, 67(4): 1411-1414 [21] Ow K, Delprado W, Fisher R, et al. Relationship between expression of the KAI1 metastasis suppressor and other markers of advanced bladder cancer. J Pathol, 2000, 191(1): 39-47 [22],,,. KAI1 MRP-1 FAK., 2005, 24(9): 1091-1095 [23] Skrzydlewska E, Sulkowska M, Koda M, et al. Proteolyticantiproteolytic balance and its regulation in carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol, 2005, 11(9): 1251-1266 [24] Bond M, Murphy G, Bennett M R, et al. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 induces a Fas-associated death domaindependent type II apoptotic pathy. J Biol Chem, 2002, 277 (16): 13787-13795 [25] Zhao H, Bernardo M M, Osenkowski P, et al. Differential inhibition of membrane type 3 (MT3)-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and MT1-MMP by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and TIMP-3 rgulates pro-mmp-2 activation. J Biol Chem, 2004, 279(10): 8592-8601 [26],,,. MMP-s
5 491 TIMP-s., 2006, 6(11): 1949-1952 [27] Fujino H, Kondo K, Ishikura H, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor MMI-166 inhibits lymphogenous metastasis in an orthotopically implanted model of lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther, 2005, 4(9): 1409-1416 [28] Liu J, Tsao M S, Pagura M, et al. Early combined treatment with carboplatin and the MMP inhibitor, prinomastat, prolongs survival and reduces systemic metastasis in an aggressive orthotopic lung cancer model. Lung Cancer, 2003, 42 (3): 335-344 [29] Shepherd F A, Giaccone G, Seymour L, et al. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of marimastat after response to first-line chemotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer: a trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada-Clinical Trials Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2002, 20(22): 4434-4439 [30] Bremnes R M, Veve R, Hirsch F R, et al. The E-cadherin cell-cell adhesion complex and lung cancer invasion, metastasis, and prognosis. Lung Cancer, 2002, 36(2): 115-124 [31] Goldstein N S. Does the level of E-cadherin expression correlate with the primary breast carcinoma infiltration pattern and type of systemic metastases? Am J Clin Pathol, 2002, 118(3): 425-434 [32] Witta S E, Gemmill R M, Hirsch F R, et al. Restoring E- cadherin expression increases sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Res, 2006, 66(2): 944-950 [33] Kashima T, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi J, et al. Overexpression of cadherins suppresses pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma in vivo. Int J Cancer, 2003, 104(2): 147-154 [34] Muller A, Homey B, Soto H, et al. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis. Nature, 2001,410 (6824):50-56 [35] Bremnes R M, Veve R, Gabrielson E, et al. High-throughput tissue microarray analysis used to evaluate biology and prog- -smallcell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2002, 20(10): 2417-2428 [36] Miyake M, Koyama M, Seno M, et al. Identification of the motility-related protein (MRP-1), recognized by monoclonal antibody M31-15, which inhibits cell motility. J Exp Med, 1991, 174(6): 1347-1354 [37] Funakoshi T, Tachibana I, Hoshida Y, et al. Expression of tetraspanins in human lung cancer cells: frequent downregulation of CD9 and its contribution to cell motility in small cell lung cancer. Oncogene, 2003, 22(5): 674-687 [38] Takeda T, Hattori N, Tokuhara T, et al. Adenoviral transduction of MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 inhibits lymph node metastasis in orthotopic lung cancer model. Cancer Res, 2007, 67(4): 1744-1749 [39],,,. MRP-1/CD9., 2005, 25(1): 71-73 [40] Shevde L A, Welch D R. Metastasis suppressor pathwaysan evolving paradigm. Cancer Lett, 2003, 198(1): 1-20 [41] Reya T, Morrison S J, Clarke M F, et al. Stem cell, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature, 2001,414(6859): 105-111 2008 1997 12 CN43-1266/Q, ISSN1007-7847 CODEN SKYAFL 30 : 42-17212 16 6 90% 85% 410081 E-mail life@hunnu.edu.cn;smky6688@yahoo.com.cn; E-mail: sky@hunnu.edu.cn ; 0731-8872616 0731-8872616 http://smky.chinajournal.net.cn 3 6 2008 ( )