Species Diversity and Altitudinal Gradient Patterns of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Meihuashan National Natural Reserve Fujian Province

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2012 34 2 179 ~ 186 Plant Diversity and Resources DOI 10. 3724 /SP. J. 1143. 2012. 11136 179 * 1 2 2 1 364000 2 361005 14 400 m 2 1 Gleason Simpson Shannon-Wiener Pielou 64. 42 10. 75 5. 75 3. 50 0. 58 5 700 m ~ 900 m 2 Shannon-Wiener > > Shannon-Wiener Shannon-Wiener mid-domain model Q 948 A 2095-0845 2012 02-179-08 Species Diversity and Altitudinal Gradient Patterns of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Meihuashan National Natural Reserve Fujian Province KONG Xiang-Hai 1 2 LI Zhen-Ji 2 1 College of Life Sciences Longyan University Longyan 364000 China 2 College of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Abstract In China evergreen broad-leaved forests EBLFs is one of the most important vegetation types which was widly distributed in subtropical area and it plays a very important role in the global biological diversity and natural environment conservation also. In order to reveal species diversity and altitudinal gradient patterns of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Meihuashan National Natural Reserve Fujian Province. Five altitude transects were set up at a vertical interval of 200 m between 375 m and 1 300 m above sea level in the EBLFs distribution areas and twentyfour quadrats 14 400 m 2 had been surveyed. Species richness S species richness index d Gl Simpson index D Shannon-Wiener index H' Pielou evenness index J had been used for analysis of species diversity and altitudinal gradient pattern of EBLFs. The average value of S d Gl H' J and D were 64. 42 10. 75 5. 75 3. 50 0. 58 respectively. The difference of community species diversity index S d Gl D H' and J was extremely significant between transects and the altitudinal gradient patterns of species diversity presented the unimodal variable trend with a peak in the mid-altitude 700 m-900 m. The species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of different layer were ranked as shrub layer include young tree and the plants between layers >arbor layer>herb layer. The species richness of tree and shrub layer and Shannon-Wiener index of tree layer were significantly different between at transects and trends of altitude gradient was similar to community. The Shannon-Wiener index of shrub * 30370275 2007J0354 2011-09-23 2012-02-03 1965- E-mail kongxianghai@ sian. com

180 34 layer and herb layer and the species richness of herb layer did not change significantly along elevation gradient. Therefore plant species diversity distribution pattern presented a unimodal variable trend along an elevation gradient and supported mid-domain model in EBLFs of Meihuashan National Nature Reserve. Key words Evergreen broad-leaved forest Species diversity Altitudinal gradient patterns Meihuashan National Natural Reserve Fujian 1993 1995 2 /3 2004 2002 2004 Whittaker 1975 Hamilton Perrolt 1981 Odland Birks 1999 Hawkins 2003 2004 Jacquemyn 2005 2008 Lomolino 2001 1997 Dolezal Srutek 2002 2002 2004 2004 Zhao Austin 1996 Ausirheim 2005 Liu 2007 2002 Grytnes 2006 2006 2003 2001 1 000 2001 2007 Walter 1979 Gaston 2000 2004 Fosaa 2004 5 1997 2002 Olson Dinerstein 1998 2006 Rahbek 2005 1989 2011 1 116 45'25 ~

2 181 116 57'33 E 25 15'14 ~ 25 35'44 N 1 22 168. 5 hm 2 DBH 2. 5 cm 2 2 1 811 m 375 1 1 436 m - 3 5 1 m 1 m 1 4 1992 13 ~ 18 10 4 500 ~ 5 100 1 700 ~ 2 200 mm 70% ~ 96% 15 ~ 25 d 89. 0% 6 13 2 2. 1 2. 1. 1 20 m 30 m 6 10 m 10 m 375 ~ 1 300 m A-F S1 S2 H1-H5 200 m 10 ~ 20 m 2 000 ~ 3 000 m 2 5 144 1 14 400 m 2 Fig. 1 Plot setting and quadrate coding for forest communities followed Fang 2009 24 600 2010 3 2010 9 2. 1. 2 2009 an area of 10 m 10 m. The shadowed quadrates S1 and S2 were 1 20 m 30 m selected for shrub layer investigation and subplots H1-5 were selected for herbaceous layer investigation. A buffering zone of 10-20 m 6 10 m 10 m 1 at each side of the plot is necessary 1 2009 The 20 m 30 m plot is composed of six quadrates A-F each with Table 1 1 Habitat condition of different plots Transect No. Plot No. Vegetation type Elevation / m Aspect and Slope / Soil type 1 Q 1 ~ 5 Evergreen broad-leaved forest 400 Southeast 25 ~ 30 2 Q 6 ~ 10 Evergreen broad-leaved forest 600 Northeast 25 ~ 30 3 Q 11 ~ 15 Evergreen broad-leaved forest 800 Southeast 25 ~ 35 4 Q 16 ~ 20 Evergreen broad-leaved forest 1 000 Southwest 25 ~ 30 5 Q 21 ~ 24 Evergreen broad-leaved forest 1 200 Northwest 25 ~ 30 Red soil Red soil Red soil Mountain yellow-red soil Mountain yellow-red soil

182 34 2. 2 24 1 Species richness S 2 Gleason d Gl 1994 3 Shannon-Wiener H' 2000 H' = - s i = 1 P i log 2 P i 2 P<0. 01 3 4 2 P i = n i /N i N 1 3 4 5 3 2 n i i 4 Pielou J 1994 P<0. 05 2000 J = H' /log 2 S 3 H' 2S 1 5 Simpson D 1994 Simpson P <0. 01 2000 D = N N-1 / s N n i 2 i = 1 n i n i -1 4 3 2. 2. 1 3. 1 1994 1-4 2 2000 d Gl = S /lna 1 3. 2 S A m 2 3 3. 2. 1 Gleason 3 Gleason 3 4 2 5 3. 2. 2 Simpson 3 3 4 2 5 1 3 4 5 3 2 3 4 2. 2. 2 4 2 P<0. 05 3. 2. 3 Shannon-Wiener 3 5 SD Shannon-Wiener Table 2 2 Plant species diversity of the EBLF in Meihuashan Nature Reserve Index of species diversity Mean value Maximum value Minimum value Standard deviation Species richness 64. 42 78 51 8. 38 Gleason Gleason richness index 10. 75 13. 02 8. 51 1. 34 Shannon-Wiener Shannon-Wiener index 3. 50 3. 85 3. 06 0. 20 Pielou Pielou evenness index 0. 58 0. 62 0. 52 0. 02 Simpson Simpson index 5. 75 6. 30 5. 13 0. 33 Transect No. Table 3 3 The average standard deviation of diversity index and their multiple analysis of variance in different transect Elevation / m Gleason Simpson d Gl D Shannon-Wiener Pielou H' J 1 Transect 1 400 9. 35 ± 0. 43 Dc 5. 25 ± 0. 10Dd 3. 23 ± 0. 20Cd 0. 56 ± 0. 04BCb 2 Transect 2 600 10. 85 ± 0. 26BCb 5. 74 ± 0. 05BCc 3. 42 ± 0. 05Bc 0. 57 ± 0. 01Bb 3 Transect 3 800 12. 65 ± 0. 32Aa 6. 26± 0. 04Aa 3. 78 ± 0. 10Aa 0. 61 ± 0. 02Aa 4 Transect 4 1 000 11. 39 ± 0. 25ABb 5. 88 ± 0. 03Bb 3. 62 ± 0. 08Bb 0. 59 ± 0. 01ABa 5 Transect 5 1 200 9. 65 ± 1. 38Cc 5. 67 ± 0. 14Cc 3. 48 ± 0. 04Bbc 0. 60 ± 0. 01Aa 1% P<0. 01 5% P<0. 05 Note Vertical comparison different uppercase letters in the same column mean significantly difference at level 0. 01 while different lowercase letters indicate significantly difference at level 0. 05 the same below

2 183 P<0. 01 3 4 5 1 3 2 3 3 5 3 S Shannon-Wiener H' 4 2 1 4 5 4 2 P<0. 05 3. 2. 4 Pielou 3 4 Pielou P<0. 01 3 4 2 P<0. 01 3 5 1 1 3 4 5 3 5 4 1 P<0. 05 2 Gleason 0. 05 Simpson Shannon-Wiener Pielou 400 ~ 1 200 m 3 4 2 1 5 1 700 ~ 900 m 3. 3. 1 3 2 3 4 2 5 P < P<0. 01 3 4 2 3. 3 5 1 3 5 3 2 4 5 P<0. 05 4 Table 4 4 The average standard deviation of species richness and their multiple analysis of variance in different life form and transect Transect No. Elevation / m Species richness of community Species richness of tree layer Species richness of shurb layer Species richness of herb layer 1 Transect 1 400 56. 00 ± 2. 55Dc 14. 20 ± 0. 84bB 39. 40 ± 3. 05Cd 7. 60 ± 1. 14 2 Transect 2 600 65. 00 ± 1. 58BCb 15. 80 ± 0. 84Aa 49. 60 ± 2. 41Bbc 7. 40 ± 2. 07 3 Transect 3 800 75. 80 ± 1. 92Aa 16. 60 ± 0. 55Aa 57. 20 ± 2. 59Aa 7. 80 ± 1. 64 4 Transect 4 1 000 68. 25 ± 1. 50Bb 16. 50 ± 1. 29Aa 54. 00 ± 3. 37ABab 6. 75 ± 0. 96 5 Transect 5 1 200 57. 80 ± 8. 29Cc 15. 60 ± 0. 89ABa 47. 20 ± 5. 89Bc 7. 20 ± 2. 17 Note Vertical comparison different letters in the same column indicate significantly difference Transect No. 5 Shannon-Wiener Table 5 Elevation / m The average standard deviation of Shannon-Wiener index and their multiple analysis of variance in different life form and transect Shannon-Wiener H' of arbor layer Shannon-Wiener H of shrub layer Shannon-Wiener H of herb layer 1 Transect 1 400 2. 95 ± 0. 20 Bd 4. 31 ± 0. 14 1. 91 ± 0. 10 2 Transect 2 600 3. 11 ± 0. 03 Bbc 4. 41 ± 0. 16 1. 89 ± 0. 18 3 Transect 3 800 3. 42 ± 0. 05 Aa 4. 33 ± 0. 31 1. 92 ± 0. 15 4 Transect 4 1 000 3. 30 ± 0. 08 Ab 4. 41 ± 0. 21 1. 83 ± 0. 09 5 Transect 5 1 200 3. 16 ± 0. 03 Bd 4. 40 ± 0. 16 1. 89 ± 0. 19 Note Vertical comparison different letters in the same column indicate significantly difference

184 34 > > 3. 3. 2 Shannon-Wiener 5 Shannon-Wiener Shannon-Wiener 2002 P<0. 01 3 4 5 1 3 4 2 3 5 2 1 P<0. 05 2 Shannon-Wiener Shannon-Wiener 5 Shan- > non-wiener > > > 1999 4 González Mata 2005 Gleason Bhattarai Shannon-Wiener Simp- 2003 Grytnes 2006 son Pielou 700 ~ 900 m 2004 Zhao 2005 Liu 2007 Liu 2007 1 Gleason Simpson Shannon-Wiener 700 ~ 900 m Pielou 64. 42

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