19 4 2007 4 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 19 No. 4 Apr. 2007 3 3 3 ( 100083) : O648117 ; TQ31412 : A : 10052281X(2007) 0420485209 Progress of Porous Hydrogels Lu Guodong Yan Qingzhi Su Xintai Liu Zhongqing Ge Changchun 3 3 (Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China) Abstract Hydrogels consist of a three2dimensional network of slightly cross2linked polymers that can absorb water and swell readily without dissolving. They have been of great interest to biomaterial fields attributing to their particular hydrophilic bionic characters and potential to be biocompatible. The introduction of porous structure will dramatically improve their swelling ability water absorption rate and stimulation sensitivity. This article reviews the research progress and biomedical applications of these porous hydrogels domestic and abroad. Authorswork in preparation of porous hydrogels by frontal polymerization is referred. The possible topics of porous hydrogels in the future investigation are discussed. Key words hydrogels ; porous structures ; mechanism of porosity formation ; swelling properties 1 (hydrogels) [9 ] : t = L 2 ΠD (1) t ; L 8 ] L [1 L ; D : : 2006 6 : 2006 9 3 (No. 50372008) 3 3 e2mail :ccge @mater. ustb. edu. cn ( ) ;
[10 ] [15 ] [12 13 ] Π [16 ] [11 ] ( ) (UV) Π Π [18 ] Π (PVA) Π ; Π : ; 212 2 486 19 21211 211 Oxley [17 ] Π : ; [12 Kato 14 ] Π (HPC) N2 (PNIPAAm) Pradas [19 ] Aroca [20 ] (PHEA)
4 487 ; 213 7 [19 ] ( 2 ) [21 ] 21212 2 50 nm ( ) 2 2 21311 ; ; ; [22 23 ] (LCST) PNIPAAm Imhof [27 ] HPC LCST ( ) ; LCST (PAAM) 1mPartap [28 ] Kabra [24 ] ( 75 % 90 %) LCST [29 30 ] ; CO 2 LCST ; Butler [31 32 ] ( > 74105 %vπv) CO 2 Π LCST Kishi [25 ] PAAM PHEA CO 2 Π ( PVME) ; CO 2 CO 2 Π Hirsch [26 ] HPC Partap [28 ]
488 19 CO 2 Ca 2 + 20m PNIPAAm ( RET) PEG CaCO 3 21312 HF PNIPAAm ; : ; Antonietti [33 34 ] [39 ] 215 PAAM PNIPAAm ( PHEMA) ; Chen [40 ] NaHCO 3 Π Zhao [35 ] 300m ph (10 100nm) (100nm 10m) Π ph 1 [36 ] Chen [41 ] (Ac2Di2Sol) Ac2Di2Sol 214 Serizawa [38 ] NIPAAm Kabiri [42 43 ] NaHCO 3 ( PEG) NaCl CaCO 3 Zhang [37 ] PEG PNIPAAm PEG 2003 47 ] PEG [44
4 489 2 [48 ] 1m 1 015m ; [45 ] 011m [45 ] 1 Fig. 1 Schematic representation of a frontal polymerization [45 ] 70 % 90 % 10mm 3mm 140min 80min 634gΠg 481gΠg 216 ( interpenetrating polymer networks IPN IPNs) NaHCO 3 IPN ; ; ; IPN IPN NaHCO 3 CO 2 [49 ] : NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 ; ; Zhang [50 ] IPN2PNIPAAm ;De Moura [51 52 ] Ca 2 + PNIPAAm 2PNIPAAm PNIPAAm ; (BSA) IPN2PNIPAAm ; IPN Π 2 [48 ] a : b : Fig. 2 SEM of porous poly(acrylamide) hydrogels prepared by 217 frontal polymerization [48 ]
490 19 Kang [53 ] [57 ] 1 ( 2 )2 Table 1 Examples of possible environmental stimuli and 2( 2 ) (PCL2b2PEO2b2PCL) responseswith intelligent hydrogels [57 ] PCL 015molΠL NaOH 100 Π( 40Π60) stimulus PEO Sannino [54 ] (PIT) ( GLT) PIT mechanical stress mechanical (hardens or softens) GLT ( ) ph ; PIT GLT GLT 311 31111 3 1960 Wichterle Lim [55 ] [2 ] ; (PGA PLA PLGA ) [58 59 ] [6 56 ] : ph [1 ; ] ph Π [1 1 ] [57 ] [2 ] [60 ] ph response chemicalπbiochemical temperature ( stimulates or inhibits reactions or recognition processes) specific substance solvent or salts electrical field photo phase separation(precipitation) shape (shrinks or swells) surface (becomes non2wetting) permeability(increases or decreases sharply) optical (clears up or opacifies becomes colored) electrical ( generates signal electrochemical reaction occurs)
4 491 1994 [61 ] 1997 10 10mm 2000 4 [62 ] N2 2 279 1197 % [5 ] 31112 [8 ] ( HA) [19 61 ] ( PVA) Π PVA HA PHEMA PVA [19 63 ] N N2 20 % 31113 17MPa ( [63 ] ) 70 300m [64 ] 90 ( RGD) Loebsack [65 ] RGD 78 % 2RGD : ; 6 [66 ] ; 3 2RGD 22 ( HEMA) ( PEG6000) N N 2 P (AM2co2HEMA) 1990 H 2 O 2 ( ) 8114 %
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