(short -α in nom. and acc.) ἀλήθεια -ας ἡ truth γλῶττα -ης ἡ tongue, language δόξα -ης ἡ opinion, judgment, glory θάλαττα -ης ἡ sea

NATIONAL GREEK EXAM 2015 Intermediate Greek Exam vocabulary list (supplement to syllabus) This list contains the Introductary and Beginning lists; these words will not be glossed on the NGE VERBS -ω conjugation ἄγω lead, bring, pass (time) ἀγγέλλω report, tell ἀδικέω do wrong; injure αἱρέω take, grasp; (mid.) choose αἴρω raise αἰτέω ask, beg ἀκούω hear ἁµαρτάνω miss, fail, make a mistake ἀναιρέω raise up; kill, destroy ἀξιόω consider worthy ἁπαλλάττω release, deliver ἀποθνῄσχω die ἀποκρίνω separate; (mid.) answer, reply ἀποκτείνω kill ἄρχω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.) ἀφαιρέω take from, take away βαίνω walk, come, go βάλλω throw, hit βλέπω see, look βοηθέω assist (+ dat.) βουλεύω deliberate, resolve γιγνώσκω know, learn, judge, think γράφω write, draw δέω lack (+ gen.); bind δηλόω show διαφέρω spread, differ διαφθείρω destroy διδάσκω teach διώκω pursue δοκέω seem, seem good; δράω do ἐάω allow, permit ἐθέλω want, be willing ἐλαύνω drive ἐρωτάω ask εὑρίσκω find ἔχω have, hold ζάω live ζητέω seek ἥκω have come, be present θαυµάζω be amazed θνήσκω die θύω sacrifice καλέω call καταλαµβάνω seize, catch up to, arrest κατασκευάζω equip, furnish, make ready κατηγορέω speak against, accuse κελεύω order κινέω move κοµίζω provide for κρατέω rule, conquer (+gen.) κρίνω judge, decide, determine κωλύω prevent λαλέω talk, babble λαµβάνω take, grab; receive, get λανθάνω escape notice of; (mid.) forget λέγω say, speak, report λείπω leave, abandon λύω loosen, destroy µανθάνω learn µέλλω intend, be about to µένω remain, endure, await νικάω conquer, win νοµίζω believe οἶδα know; know how to οἰκέω inhabit, occupy ὁµολογέω agree ὀνοµάζω call by name ὁράω see ὁρµάω urge; (intr.) hurry παρέχω provide πάσχω suffer, experience παύω stop πείθω persuade, convince; (mid. and pass.) obey, trust in (+ dat.) πειράω try, test (+ gen.) πέµπω send πίνω drink πίπτω fall πιστεύω trust, rely on, believe in (+ dat.) πλέω sail ποιέω make, do, make happen; (mid.) consider, reckon πολεµέω make war πορεύω carry; (mid.) go, march πράττω do προσήκω belong to, befit σκοπέω look at, examine συµβαίνω happen, agree, result συµφέρω benefit, profit σῴζω save τάττω arrange τελευτάω finish; die τέµνω cut τίκτω give birth τιµάω honor

τολµάω dare τρέπω turn τρέφω feed, support, educate τυγχάνω happen to (+part.), meet (+gen) ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to; ὑπολαµβάνω take up, reply, suppose φαίνω make appear, explain; (mid.) appear to be (+ infin.) φέρω carry, bring; φέρε come on! φεύγω flee, run away φοβέω frighten; (mid.) flee, fear φράζω tell (mid.), think φρονέω think φυλάττω watch, guard, defend φύω produce χαίρω be happy χαῖρε, (pl.) χαίρετε hello, goodbye deponent αἰσθάνοµαι perceive ἁλίσκοµαι be taken, be conquered ἀφικνέοµαι come to,arrive at βούλοµαι want, be willing, prefer γίγνοµαι happen, become, be born δέχοµαι take, accept; welcome, entertain δύναµαι be able, can ἕποµαι follow ἐργάζοµαι work ἔρχοµαι come, go ἡγέοµαι lead, consider κεῖµαι lie (= perf. pass. of τίθηµι) κτάοµαι get, acquire µάχοµαι fight οἴοµαι, οἶµαι parenthetical I think πυνθάνοµαι learn, hear, inquire about πειράοµαι), try, test (+ gen.) χράοµαι use impersonal δεῖ it is necessary διαφέρει it makes a difference δοκεῖ it seems (best) to (+ dat.) πάρεστι it depends on (+ dat.) συµφέρει it is useful χρή it is necessary -µι conjugation δείκνυµι show δίδωµι give εἰµί be, exist εἶµι will go (fut. to ἔρχοµαι) φηµί say NOUNS 1 st declension ἀδελφή -ῆς ἡ sister αἰτία -ας ἡ cause, origin; accusation ἀνάγκη -ης ἡ necessity ἀρετή -ῆς ἡ excellence ἀρχή -ῆς ἡ beginning, authority, office βουλή -ῆς ἡ council, plan, advice γῆ γῆς ἡ earth γνώµη -ης ἡ idea, intelligence, opinion γραφή -ῆς ἡ drawing, writing, indictment διαφορά -ᾶς ἡ difference, disagreement δίκη -ης ἡ justice; legal case εἰρήνη -ης ἡ peace ἐπιστήµη -ης ἡ knowledge ἡδονή -ῆς ἡ pleasure, enjoyment ἡµέρα -ας ἡ day θεά -ᾶς goddess κεφαλή -ῆς ἡ head µάχη -ης ἡ battle νίκη -ης ἡ victory οἰκία -ας ἡ building, house οὐσία -ας ἡ essence, property πολιτεία -ας ἡ constitution, republic στρατιά -ᾶς ἡ army συµφορά -ᾶς ἡ event, situation, disaster σωτηρία -ας ἡ safety τέχνη -ης ἡ art, skill τιµή -ῆς ἡ value, honor τροφή -ῆς ἡ nourishment, food τύχη -ης ἡ luck, fate φωνή -ῆς ἡ sound, voice χώρα -ας ἡ land, place ψυχή -ῆς ἡ breath, soul (short -α in nom. and acc.) ἀλήθεια -ας ἡ truth γλῶττα -ης ἡ tongue, language δόξα -ης ἡ opinion, judgment, glory θάλαττα -ης ἡ sea (masc.) δεσπότης -ου ὁ master ποιητής -οῦ ὁ creator, poet στρατιώτης -ου ὁ soldier 2 nd declension (masc.) ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brother ἄνθρωπος -ου, ὁ/ἡ human being ἀριθµός -οῦ ὁ number βίος -ου ὁ life δῆµος -ου ὁ people δοῦλος -ου ὁ slave ἥλιος -ου ὁ sun θάνατος -ου ὁ death θεός -οῦ, ὁ/ἡ god, goddess θυµός -οῦ ὁ soul, spirit

ἵππος -ου ὁ horse καιρός -οῦ ὁ the right time κίνδυνος -ου ὁ danger κόσµος -ου ὁ order, decoration, world κύκλος -ου ὁ circle κύριος -ου ὁ lord, master λαός -οῦ ὁ the people, folk λίθος -ου ὁ stone λόγος -ου ὁ word, speech; thought, reason, account, reckoning νεώς, νεώ ὁ temple νῆσος -ου ἡ island νόµος -ου ὁ custom, tradition, law νόσος -ου ὁ disease νοῦς, νοῦ ὁ mind, perception, sense ξένος -ου ὁ guest/friend/host; foreigner, stranger οἶκος -ου ὁ house, home, family ὅπλον -ου τό weapon, tool (mostly pl.) οὐρανός -οῦ ὁ sky, heaven ὀφθαλµός -οῦ ὁ eye πολέµιοι -ων οἱ the enemy πόλεµος -ου ὁ war πόνος -ου ὁ work, stress, trouble, pain ποταµός -οῦ ὁ river στρατηγός -οῦ ὁ general στρατός -οῦ ὁ army σύµµαχοι -ων οἱ allies τόπος -ου ὁ place, topic τρόπος -ου ὁ way, turn υἱός -οῦ ὁ son φόβος -ου ὁ panic, fear χρόνος -ου ὁ time (fem.) ὁδός -οῦ ἡ road (neut.) ἀργύριον -ου τό money, silver ἔργον -ου τό work, deed, exploit ζῷον -ου τό living being, animal πρόσωπον -ου τό face, mask, person σηµεῖον -ου τό sign στάδιον -ου τό (pl. στάδια and στάδιοι) stadion or stade, Greek unit of measure ~ 185 meters/202 yards/607 feet τέκνον -ου τό child χωρίον -ου τό place, spot, district 3 rd declension (stem in -δ/τ/ντ-) εἰκός -ότος τό propriety, probability ἐλπίς -ίδος ἡ hope µυριάς -άδος ἡ ten thousand (= a countless amount) νύξ, νυκτός ἡ night παῖς, παιδός, ὁ/ἡ child; slave πατρίς -ίδος ἡ fatherland πούς, ποδός ὁ foot προσήκoντα -οντων τὰ duties προσήκοντες -οντων οἱ relatives συµφέρον -οντος τὸ use, advantage ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water ὑπάρχοντα -οντων τὰ circumstances φῶς, φωτός τό light χάρις -ιτος ἡ favor, thanks (stem in -µατ-) αἷµα -ατος τό blood γράµµα -ατος τό letter ὄνοµα -ατος τό name πνεῦµα -ατος τό wind, breath, spirit πρᾶγµα -ατος τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business στόµα -ατος τό mouth σχῆµα -ατος τό form, appearance σῶµα -ατος τό body χρῆµα -ατος τό thing, (pl.) money (stem in -ν-) ἀγών -ῶνος ὁ contest δαίµων -ονος, ὁ/ἡ spirit, god, demon ἡγεµών -όνος ὁ guide, commander (stem in -ρ-) ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός ὁ man θυγάτηρ -τρός ἡ daughter µάρτυς -υρος ὁ/ἡ witness µήτηρ, µητρός ἡ mother πατήρ, πατρός ὁ father πῦρ, πυρός τό fire χείρ, χειρός ἡ hand (stem in -εσ-) γένος -ους τό race, family; kind, class ἔθνος -ους τό nation εἶδος -ους τό form, shape ἔπος -ους τό word ἔτος -ους τό year µέγεθος -ους τό magnitude µέρος -ους τό part, share ὄρος -ους τό mountain, hill πάθος -ους τό suffering, experience, emotion πλῆθος -ους τό crowd τεῖχος -ους τό wall τέλος -ους τό end (stem in -ι-) δύναµις -εως ἡ power πίστις -εως ἡ trust, proof, guarantee

πόλις -εως ἡ a city πρᾶξις -εως ἡ action τάξις -εως ἡ arrangement, order φύσις -εως ἡ nature (stem in -υ-) βασιλεύς -έως ὁ king βοῦς βοός ὁ bull, ox; ἡ cow ἱππεύς -έως ὁ horseman, charioteer ναῦς, νεώς ἡ ship πρέσβυς -εως ὁ old man; (pl.) ambassadors (stem in -κ, but irregular) γυνή, γυναικός ἡ woman ADJECTIVES 2 nd and 1 st declension adjectives ἀγαθός -ή -όν good, brave, noble αἰσχρός -ά -όν ugly, disgraceful αἴτιος -α -ον responsible, guilty ἄλλος -η -ον other ἀµφότερος -α -ον both ἄξιος -α -ον worthy ἄριστος -η -ον best δεινός -ή -όν awesome, terrible δῆλος -η -ον clear, visible δίκαιος -α -ον just δυνατός -ή -όν able ἕκαστος -η -ον each ἑκάτερος -α -ον each of two ἐκεῖνος -η -ο that ἐλεύθερος -α -ον free ἐµός -ή -όν my, mine ἐναντίος -α -ον opposite ἕτερος -α -ον other ἐχθρός -ά -όν hated, hostile ἡµέτερος -α -ον our θεῖος -α -ον divine ἴδιος -α -ον one s own, private ἱερός -ά -όν holy, sacred ἱκανός -ή -όν sufficient ἴσος -η -ον equal to (+ dat.); ἰσχυρός -ά -όν strong κακός -ή -όν bad, cowardly καλός -ή -όν beautiful, noble κοινός -ή -όν common λαµπρός -ά -όν bright, brilliant, famous λοιπός -ή -όν remaining µακρός -ά -όν long, tall, large µέγας, µεγάλη, µέγα big µέσος -η -ον middle µικρός -ά -όν small, little, short µόνος -η -ον alone, µυρίος -α -ον countless thousands νέος -α -ον young, new οἰκεῖος -α -ον domestic, one s own ὀλίγος -η -ον few, little, small ὅλος -η -ον whole, complete ὅµοιος -α -ον like, resembling ὀρθός -ή -όν straight, true, regular παλαιός -ά -όν old πλεῖστος -η -ον most, largest (superl. of πολύς) ποῖος -α -ον what sort of? πολέµιος -α -ον hostile πολύς, πολλή, πολύ much, many πονηρός -ά -όν worthless, bad πότερος -α -ον which of the two? πρότερος -α -ον before, earlier ῥᾴδιος -α -ον easy σός -ή -όν your, yours (sing.) σοφός -ή -όν wise ὑµέτερος -α -ον your, yours (pl.) ὕστερος -α -ον following, next, later φανερός -ά -όν clear, evident φίλος -η -ον beloved, dear χαλεπός -ή -όν difficult χαλκοῦς -ῆ -οῦν bronze χρήσιµος -η -ον useful 2 nd declension adjectives ἄδικος -ον unjust ἀδύνατος -ον impossible βάρβαρος -ον barbaric, not Greek, foreign σύµµαχος -ον allied 3 rd and 1 st declension adjectives ἅπας -ᾶσα -αν all together βαρύς -εῖα -ύ heavy, tedious βραχύς -εῖα -ύ brief, εὐθύς -εῖα -ύ straight ἡδύς -εῖα -ύ sweet ὀξύς -εῖα -ύ sharp, keen, shrill, pungent πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν every, all ταχύς -εῖα -ύ quick 3 rd declension adjectives ἀληθής -ές true ἀµείνων -ον better, stronger, braver βελτίων -ον better (comp. of ἀγαθός) ἐλάττων -ον smaller, less ἥττων -ον less, weaker κρείττων -ον stronger, better πλείων/πλέων, πλεῖον/πλέον more, larger (comp. of πολύς) σαφής -ές clear χείρων -ον worse, inferior

ADVERBS ἆρα (particle introducing a question) γε at least (emphasizes preceding word) µή not (οὐ with indicative verbs) οὐ οὐκ οὐχ not οὕτως in this way πότε when? πῶς how? NUMBERS εἷς, µία, ἕν one πρῶτος -η -ον first δύο two δεὐτερος -α -ον second τρεῖς, τρία three τρίτος -η -ον third τέτταρες, τέτταρα four τέταρτος -η -ον fourth πέντε five πέµπτος -η -ον fifth ἕξ six ἕκτος -η -ον sixth ἑπτά seven ἕβδοµος -η -ον seventh ὀκτώ eight ὄγδοος -η -ον eighth ἐννέα nine ἔνατος -η -ον ninth δέκα ten δἔκατος -η -ον tenth PRONOUNS αὐτός -ή -ό self, same, s/he/it ἑαυτοῦ -ῆς -οῦ him/her/itself ἐγώ ἐµοῦ, (pl.) ἡµεῖς ἡµῶν I, we µηδείς, µηδεµία, µηδέν no one ὁ, ἡ, τό the ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε this ὅς, ἥ, ὅ who, which, that ὅσος -η -ον however many, all ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ who, which, that ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι anyone/thing who/which οὐδείς, οὐδεµία, οὐδέν no one, nothing οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο this σύ, σοῦ, (pl.) ὑµεῖς, ὑµῶν you τις, τι someone, something τίς, τί who? what? which? µετά with (+gen.), after (+acc.) περί around, about (+gen., dat., acc.) πρό before, in front of (+gen.) πρός to (+dat.), in addition to (+acc.) σύν with (+dat.) ὑπέρ for (+gen), beyond (+acc.) ὑπό by (+gen), under (+gen., dat.), down under (+acc.) CONJUNCTIONS ἀλλά but γάρ for, because δέ and, but ἐπεί after, since, when ἤ or, than ἵνα in order that (conj.); where (rel. adv.) καί and, also, even µέν δέ (contrasts a pair) ὅπου where ὅπως how, as, so that ὅταν = ὅτε + ἄν ὅτε when ὅτι because, that οὐδέ but not οὔτε and not τε and; τε... τε both... and ὡς as, since, so that (+subj./opt.); (indirect statement) that, to ὥστε that (result) INTERJECTIONS ὦ oh! PREPOSITIONS ἀνά up (+gen., dat., acc.) ἀντί opposite (+gen.) ἀπό from (+gen.) διά through, because of (+ gen., acc.) εἰς into, to, towards (+acc.) ἐκ, ἐξ from, out of (+gen.) ἐν in, among (+dat.) ἐπί at (+ gen.); on (+ dat.); against (+ acc.) κατά down (+ gen. or acc.)

ALPHABETICAL ἀγαθός -ή -όν good, brave, noble ἀγγέλλω report, tell ἄγω lead, bring, pass (time) ἀγών -ῶνος ὁ contest ἀδελφή -ῆς ἡ sister ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brother ἀδικέω do wrong; injure ἄδικος -ον unjust ἀδύνατος -ον impossible αἷµα -ατος τό blood αἱρέω take, grasp; (mid.) choose αἴρω raise αἰσθάνοµαι perceive αἰσχρός -ά -όν ugly, disgraceful αἰτέω ask, beg αἰτία -ας ἡ cause, origin; accusation αἴτιος -α -ον responsible, guilty ἀκούω hear ἀλήθεια -ας ἡ truth ἀληθής -ές true ἁλίσκοµαι be taken, be conquered ἀλλά but ἄλλος -η -ον other ἁµαρτάνω miss, fail, make a mistake ἀµείνων -ον better, stronger, braver ἀµφότερος -α -ον both ἀνά up (+gen., dat., acc.) ἀνάγκη -ης ἡ necessity ἀναιρέω raise up; kill, destroy ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός ὁ man ἄνθρωπος -ου, ὁ/ἡ human being ἀντί opposite (+gen.) ἄξιος -α -ον worthy ἀξιόω consider worthy ἁπαλλάττω release, deliver ἅπας -ᾶσα -αν all together ἀπό from (+gen.) ἀποθνῄσχω die ἀποκρίνω separate; (mid.) answer, reply ἀποκτείνω kill ἆρα (particle introducing a question) ἀργύριον -ου τό money, silver ἀρετή -ῆς ἡ excellence ἀριθµός -οῦ ὁ number ἄριστος -η -ον best ἀρχή -ῆς ἡ beginning, authority, office ἄρχω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.) αὐτός -ή -ό self, same, s/he/it ἀφαιρέω take from, take away ἀφικνέοµαι come to, arrive at βαίνω walk, come, go βάλλω throw, hit βάρβαρος -ον barbaric, not Greek, foreign βαρύς -εῖα -ύ heavy, tedious βασιλεύς -έως ὁ king βελτίων -ον better (comp. of ἀγαθός) βίος -ου ὁ life βλέπω see, look βοηθέω assist (+ dat.) βουλεύω deliberate, resolve βουλή -ῆς ἡ council, plan, advice βούλοµαι want, be willing, prefer βοῦς βοός ὁ bull, ox; ἡ cow βραχύς -εῖα -ύ brief, short γάρ for, because γε at least (emphasizes preceding word) γένος -ους τό race, family; kind, class γῆ γῆς ἡ earth γίγνοµαι happen, become, be born γιγνώσκω know, learn, judge, think γλῶττα -ης ἡ tongue, language γνώµη -ης ἡ idea, intelligence, opinion γράµµα -ατος τό letter γραφή -ῆς ἡ drawing, writing, indictment γράφω write, draw γυνή, γυναικός ἡ woman δαίµων -ονος, ὁ/ἡ spirit, god, demon δέ and, but δεῖ it is necessary δείκνυµι show δεινός -ή -όν awesome, terrible δέκα ten δἔκατος -η -ον tenth δεσπότης -ου ὁ master δεὐτερος -α -ον second δέχοµαι take, accept; welcome, entertain δέω lack (+ gen.); bind δῆλος -η -ον clear, visible δηλόω show δῆµος -ου ὁ people διά through, because of (+ gen., acc.) διαφέρει it makes a difference διαφέρω spread, differ διαφθείρω destroy διαφορά -ᾶς ἡ difference, disagreement διδάσκω teach δίδωµι give δίκαιος -α -ον just δίκη -ης ἡ justice; legal case διώκω pursue δοκεῖ it seems (best) to (+ dat.) δοκέω seem, seem good; δόξα -ης ἡ opinion, judgment, glory δοῦλος -ου ὁ slave δράω do δύναµαι be able, can δύναµις -εως ἡ power δυνατός -ή -όν able δύο two ἑαυτοῦ -ῆς -οῦ him/her/itself ἐάω allow, permit

ἐγώ ἐµοῦ, (pl.) ἡµεῖς ἡµῶν I, we ἐθέλω want, be willing ἔθνος -ους τό nation εἶδος -ους τό form, shape εἰκός -ότος τό propriety, probability εἰµί be, exist εἶµι will go (fut. to ἔρχοµαι) εἰρήνη -ης ἡ peace εἰς into, to, towards (+acc.) εἷς, µία, ἕν one ἐκ, ἐξ from, out of (+gen.) ἕκαστος -η -ον each ἑκάτερος -α -ον each of two ἐκεῖνος -η -ο that ἐλάττων -ον smaller, less ἐλαύνω drive ἐλεύθερος -α -ον free ἐλπίς -ίδος ἡ hope ἐµός -ή -όν my, mine ἐν in, among (+dat.) ἐναντίος -α -ον opposite ἐννέα nine ἔνατος -η -ον ninth ἕξ six ἕκτος -η -ον sixth ἐπεί after, since, when ἐπί at (+ gen.); on (+ dat.); against (+ acc.) ἐπιστήµη -ης ἡ knowledge ἕποµαι follow ἔπος -ους τό word ἑπτά seven ἕβδοµος -η -ον seventh ἐργάζοµαι work ἔργον -ου τό work, deed, exploit ἔρχοµαι come, go ἐρωτάω ask ἕτερος -α -ον other ἔτος -ους τό year εὐθύς -εῖα -ύ straight εὑρίσκω find ἐχθρός -ά -όν hated, hostile ἔχω have, hold ζάω live ζητέω seek ζῷον -ου τό living being, animal ἤ or, than ἡγεµών -όνος ὁ guide, commander ἡγέοµαι lead, consider ἡδονή -ῆς ἡ pleasure, enjoyment ἡδύς -εῖα -ύ sweet ἥκω have come, be present ἥλιος -ου ὁ sun ἡµέρα -ας ἡ day ἡµέτερος -α -ον our ἥττων -ον less, weaker θάλαττα -ης ἡ sea θάνατος -ου ὁ death θαυµάζω be amazed θεά -ᾶς goddess θεῖος -α -ον divine θεός -οῦ, ὁ/ἡ god, goddess θνήσκω die θυγάτηρ -τρός ἡ daughter θυµός -οῦ ὁ soul, spirit θύω sacrifice ἴδιος -α -ον one s own, private ἱερός -ά -όν holy, sacred ἱκανός -ή -όν sufficient ἵνα in order that (conj.); where (rel. adv.) ἱππεύς -έως ὁ horseman, charioteer ἵππος -ου ὁ horse ἴσος -η -ον equal to (+ dat.); ἰσχυρός -ά -όν strong καί and, also, even καιρός -οῦ ὁ the right time κακός -ή -όν bad, cowardly καλέω call καλός -ή -όν beautiful, noble κατά down (+ gen. or acc.) καταλαµβάνω seize, catch up to, arrest κατασκευάζω equip, furnish, make ready κατηγορέω speak against, accuse κεῖµαι lie (= perf. pass. of τίθηµι) κελεύω order κεφαλή -ῆς ἡ head κίνδυνος -ου ὁ danger κινέω move κοινός -ή -όν common κοµίζω provide for κόσµος -ου ὁ order, decoration, world κρατέω rule, conquer (+gen.) κρείττων -ον stronger, better κρίνω judge, decide, determine κτάοµαι get, acquire κύκλος -ου ὁ circle κύριος -ου ὁ lord, master κωλύω prevent λαλέω talk, babble λαµβάνω take, grab; receive, get λαµπρός -ά -όν bright, brilliant, famous λανθάνω escape notice of; (mid.) forget λαός -οῦ ὁ the people, folk λέγω say, speak, report λείπω leave, abandon λίθος -ου ὁ stone λόγος -ου ὁ word, speech; thought, reason, account, reckoning λοιπός -ή -όν remaining λύω loosen, destroy µακρός -ά -όν long, tall, large µανθάνω learn µάρτυς -υρος ὁ/ἡ witness µάχη -ης ἡ battle µάχοµαι fight

µέγας, µεγάλη, µέγα big µέγεθος -ους τό magnitude µέλλω intend, be about to µέν δέ (contrasts a pair) µένω remain, endure, await µέρος -ους τό part, share µέσος -η -ον middle µετά with (+gen.), after (+acc.) µή not (οὐ with indicative verbs) µηδείς, µηδεµία, µηδέν no one µήτηρ, µητρός ἡ mother -µι conjugation µικρός -ά -όν small, little, short µόνος -η -ον alone, single µυριάς -άδος ἡ ten thousand (= a countless amount) µυρίος -α -ον countless thousands ναῦς, νεώς ἡ ship νέος -α -ον young, new νεώς, νεώ ὁ temple νῆσος -ου ἡ island νικάω conquer, win νίκη -ης ἡ victory νοµίζω believe νόµος -ου ὁ custom, tradition, law νόσος -ου ὁ disease νοῦς, νοῦ ὁ mind, perception, sense νύξ, νυκτός ἡ night ξένος -ου ὁ guest/friend/host; foreigner, stranger ὁ, ἡ, τό the ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε this ὁδός -οῦ ἡ road οἶδα know; know how to οἰκεῖος -α -ον domestic, one s own οἰκέω inhabit, occupy οἰκία -ας ἡ building, house οἶκος -ου ὁ house, home, family οἴοµαι, οἶµαι parenthetical I think ὀκτώ eight ὄγδοος -η -ον eighth ὀλίγος -η -ον few, little, small ὅλος -η -ον whole, complete ὅµοιος -α -ον like, resembling ὁµολογέω agree ὄνοµα -ατος τό name ὀνοµάζω call by name ὀξύς -εῖα -ύ sharp, keen, shrill, pungent ὅπλον -ου τό weapon, tool (mostly pl.) ὅπου where ὅπως how, as, so that ὁράω see ὀρθός -ή -όν straight, true, regular ὁρµάω urge; (intr.) hurry ὄρος -ους τό mountain, hill ὅς, ἥ, ὅ who, which, that ὅσος -η -ον however many, all ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ who, which, that ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι anyone/thing who/which ὅταν = ὅτε + ἄν ὅτε when ὅτι because, that οὐ οὐκ οὐχ not οὐδέ but not οὐδείς, οὐδεµία, οὐδέν no one, nothing οὐρανός -οῦ ὁ sky, heaven οὐσία -ας ἡ essence, property οὔτε and not οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο this οὕτως in this way ὀφθαλµός -οῦ ὁ eye πάθος -ους τό suffering, experience, emotion παῖς, παιδός, ὁ/ἡ child; slave παλαιός -ά -όν old πάρεστι it depends on (+ dat.) παρέχω provide πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν every, all πάσχω suffer, experience πατήρ, πατρός ὁ father πατρίς -ίδος ἡ fatherland παύω stop πείθω persuade, convince; (mid. and pass.) obey, trust in (+ dat.) πειράοµαι), try, test (+ gen.) πειράω try, test (+ gen.) πέµπω send πέντε five πέµπτος -η -ον fifth περί around, about (+gen., dat., acc.) πίνω drink πίπτω fall πιστεύω trust, rely on, believe in (+ dat.) πίστις -εως ἡ trust, proof, guarantee πλεῖστος -η -ον most, largest πλείων/πλέων, πλεῖον/πλέον more, larger (comp. of πολύς) πλέω sail πλῆθος -ους τό crowd πνεῦµα -ατος τό wind, breath, spirit ποιέω make, do, make happen; (mid.) consider, reckon ποιητής -οῦ ὁ creator, poet ποῖος -α -ον what sort of? πολεµέω make war πολέµιοι -ων οἱ the enemy πολέµιος -α -ον hostile πόλεµος -ου ὁ war πόλις -εως ἡ a city πολιτεία -ας ἡ constitution, republic πολύς, πολλή, πολύ much, many πονηρός -ά -όν worthless, bad πόνος -ου ὁ work, stress, trouble, pain πορεύω carry; (mid.) go, march

ποταµός -οῦ ὁ river πότε when? πότερος -α -ον which of the two? πούς, ποδός ὁ foot πρᾶγµα -ατος τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business πρᾶξις -εως ἡ action πράττω do πρέσβυς -εως ὁ old man; πρό before, in front of (+gen.) πρός to (+dat.), in addition to (+acc.) προσήκoντα -οντων τὰ duties προσήκοντες -οντων οἱ relatives προσήκω belong to, befit πρόσωπον -ου τό face, mask, person πρότερος -α -ον before, earlier πρῶτος -η -ον first πυνθάνοµαι learn, hear, inquire about πῦρ, πυρός τό fire πῶς how? ῥᾴδιος -α -ον easy σαφής -ές clear σηµεῖον -ου τό sign σκοπέω look at, examine σός -ή -όν your, yours (sing.) σοφός -ή -όν wise στάδιον -ου τό (pl. στάδια and στάδιοι) stadion or stade, Greek unit of measure ~ 185 meters/202 yards/607 feet στόµα -ατος τό mouth στρατηγός -οῦ ὁ general στρατιά -ᾶς ἡ army στρατιώτης -ου ὁ soldier στρατός -οῦ ὁ army σύ, σοῦ, (pl.) ὑµεῖς, ὑµῶν you συµβαίνω happen, agree, result σύµµαχοι -ων οἱ allies σύµµαχος -ον allied συµφέρει it is useful συµφέρον -οντος τὸ use, advantage συµφέρω benefit, profit συµφορά -ᾶς ἡ event, situation, disaster σύν with (+dat.) σχῆµα -ατος τό form, appearance σῴζω save σῶµα -ατος τό body σωτηρία -ας ἡ safety τάξις -εως ἡ arrangement, order τάττω arrange ταχύς -εῖα -ύ quick τε and; τε... τε both... and τεῖχος -ους τό wall τέκνον -ου τό child τελευτάω finish; die τέλος -ους τό end τέµνω cut τέταρτος -η -ον fourth τέτταρες, τέτταρα four τέχνη -ης ἡ art, skill τίκτω give birth τιµάω honor τιµή -ῆς ἡ value, honor τις, τι someone, something τίς, τί who? what? which? τολµάω dare τόπος -ου ὁ place, topic τρεῖς, τρία three τρέπω turn τρέφω feed, support, educate τρίτος -η -ον third τρόπος -ου ὁ way, turn τροφή -ῆς ἡ nourishment, food τυγχάνω happen to (+part.), meet (+gen) τύχη -ης ἡ luck, fate ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water υἱός -οῦ ὁ son ὑµέτερος -α -ον your, yours (pl.) ὑπάρχοντα -οντων τὰ circumstances ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to; ὑπέρ for (+gen), beyond (+acc.) ὑπό by (+gen), under (+gen., dat.), down under (+acc.) ὑπολαµβάνω take up, reply, suppose ὕστερος -α -ον following, next, later φαίνω make appear, explain; (mid.) appear to be (+ infin.) φανερός -ά -όν clear, evident φέρω carry, bring; φέρε come on! φεύγω flee, run away φηµί say φίλος -η -ον beloved, dear φοβέω frighten; (mid.) flee, fear φόβος -ου ὁ panic, fear φράζω tell (mid.), think φρονέω think φυλάττω watch, guard, defend φύσις -εως ἡ nature φύω produce φωνή -ῆς ἡ sound, voice φῶς, φωτός τό light χαῖρε, (pl.) χαίρετε hello, goodbye χαίρω be happy χαλεπός -ή -όν difficult χαλκοῦς -ῆ -οῦν bronze χάρις -ιτος ἡ favor, thanks χείρ, χειρός ἡ hand χείρων -ον worse, inferior χράοµαι use χρή it is necessary χρῆµα -ατος τό thing, (pl.) money χρήσιµος -η -ον useful

χρόνος -ου ὁ time χώρα -ας ἡ land, place χωρίον -ου τό place, spot, district ψυχή -ῆς ἡ breath, soul -ω conjugation ὦ oh! ὡς as, since, so that (+subj./opt.); (indirect statement) that, to ὥστε that (result)