Memorization of vocabulary 24 (includes words from 1 John 2:18-29)

LESSON TWENTY FOUR : ΜΙ VERBS CONTINUED ἱστηµι and others Memorization of vocabulary 24 (includes words from 1 John 2:18-29) 1. ἐσχατος - last (ἐσχατος [mas], ἐσχατη [fem], ἐσχατον [neuter]) 2. ὣρα - hour (ὣρα, ὣρας, ἡ) 3. καθως - just as 4. ἐκουσατε - form of ἀκουω 5. ἀντιχριστοι - plural of ἀντιχριστος (antichrist) 6. πολλοι - masculine plural of πολυς (many, much, see 3 rd declension nouns) 7. γεγονασιν - form of γινοµαι (become, come into existence). The 1 st person perfect singular form is γεγονα. 8. ὃθεν - by this, for which account 9. ἐξ - form of ἐκ. Used with genitive (see prepositions) 10. ἐξηλθαν - form of ἐξερχοµαι (I go out). First person singular is ἐξηλθον. The form used here has a 1 st aorist ending (αν) 11. ἦσαν - imperfect form of εἰµι. 12. γαρ - for. Within the sentence it is in, it is usually placed second. 13. µε/µενη/κ/εισαν - form of µενω (I remain). 14. φανερω/θ/ωσιν - form of φανεροω. 15. εἰσιν - form of verb to be, εἰµι 16. παντες - plural of πας. See 3 rd declension nouns 17. χρισµα - anointing 18. ἐγραψα - from γραφω. 19. ψευδος - lie 20. ἀρνουµενος - present tense participle from ἀρνεοµαι (I deny) 21. ὁµολογων - participle of ὁµολογεω (I confess) 22. µενετω - form of µενω. 23. µεινη - form of µενω. 24. µενειτε - form of µενω. 25. ἐπαγγελια - promise 26. ἐπηγγειλατο - form of ἐπαγγελλοµαι/ἐπαγγελλω (I promise). 27. αἰωνιον - form of αἰωνιος 28. πλανωντων - from πλαναω (I deceive, lead astray). 29. ἐλαβετε - from λαµβανω (I receive, take) 30. χρειαν - form of χρεια (need, necessity) 31. διδασκη - from διδασκω (I teach) 32. παντων - form of πας (see 3 rd declension) 33. ἀληθες - form of ἀληθης (see 3 rd declension adjectives) 34. ἐδιδαξεν - form of διδασκω 1

35. µενετε - form of µενω (I remain) 36. φανερωθη - form of φανεροω (I reveal, make manifest) 37. σχωµεν - form of ἐχω. Aorist indicative form is ἐσχον ἐσχοµεν 38. παρρησιαν - form of παρρησια (courage, boldness, confidence) 39. αἰσχυνθωµεν - form of αἰσχυνοµαι (I am ashamed). 40. παρουσια - coming, appearing 41. πατηρ - father (see 3 rd declension nouns) 42. εἰδητε - form of οἰδα. Its subjunctive forms are: εἰδω εἰδωµεν, εἰδης εἰδητε, εἰδη εἰδωσιν 43. δικαιουσυνην - form of δικαιουσυνη (righteousness) 44. γεγεννηται - form of γενναω. 45. ἀφιηµι I forgive 46. δεικνυµι I show 47. διδωµι I give 48. ἱστηµι I establish, put, place 49. συνιηµι I comprehend, understand 50. τιθηµι I put, place, set up 51. φηµι I say In lesson twenty three, we looked at τιθηµι and διδωµι as the first lot of - µι verbs. We now turn to ἱστηµι and a few other µι verbs, most of which are found in compound verbs. 1. ἱστηµι (I establish, put, place) (verb stem is στη or στα while present tense stem is ιστα or ιστη; note the iota in the present tense stem) The verb ἱστηµι (and its compounds) is unique in that: a. It has both 1 st and 2 nd aorist forms, each of the two having a distinct use. We note that: Thus: 1) The 1 st aorist active forms and the forms of the present, future, and imperfect (all in active voice) are used transitively (that is, they require a direct object to complete their sense). 2) The 2 nd aorist forms and the future middle, future passive, perfect active, pluperfect active, and first aorist passive are used intransitively (that is, they do not require a direct object to complete their sense) 2

Transitive 1 st Aorist Active (ἑστησα) ALSO Present Active (ἱστηµι) Future Active (στησω) Imperfect Active (ἱστην) Intransitive 2 nd Aorist (ἑστην) ALSO Future Middle (στησοµαι) Passive (σταθησοµαι) Perfect Active (ἑστηκα) Pluperfect active (ἑστηκειν) 1 st Aorist Passive (ἑσταθην) b. When it is used in the transitive tenses, it means I put, set, stand (that is, cause to stand), establish, place, propose, and the forms of the tenses (or voices) that does this function (see the table above) are: 1 st aorist active: ἑστησα present active: ἱστηµι future active: στησω imperfect: ἱστην c. When it is used in intransitive tenses, it means I stand, stand still, stand firm, stop, etc. The forms of these tenses or voices (see the table above) are: 2 nd aorist: ἑστην future middle: στησοµαι future passive: σταθησοµαι perfect active: ἑστηκα aorist passive: ἑσταθην d. The perfect active has a present meaning. Thus, εστηκα means I stand, and not I have stood. The pluperfect (ειστηκειν or εστηκειν, used intransitively) also means I stood and not I had stood. From common sense (understanding) the result of I stand (the fact that I am standing) is built within the meaning of the word itself. e. Some of its other forms include: 1) Present active participle, whose forms are: 3

Masculine (relate them to πας) Singular Plural Nominative ἱστας ἱσταντες Accusative ἱσταντα ἱσταντας Genitive ἱσταντος ἱσταντων Dative ἱσταντι ἱστασι(ν) Feminine (relate them to πασα) Nominative ἱστασα ἱστασαι Accusative ἱστασαν ἱστασας Genitive ἱστασης ἱστασων Dative ἱστασῃ ἱστασαις Neuter (relate them to παν) Nominative ἱσταν ἱσταντα Accusative ἱσταν ἱσταντα Genitive ἱσταντος ἱσταντων, Dative ἱσταντι ἱστασιν(ν) 2) The 2 nd aorist active infinitive: στηναι 2. Other -µι Verbs Some other -µι verbs that need to be noted include ἱηµι, δεικνυµι, and φηµι. a. ἱηµι (I send). On this verb, we note: 1) It is found in the New Testament only in compounds 2) Its Present tense stem is ιε while the verbal stem is ε 3) Its form to a great extent follow τιθηµι 4) The most common compound verbs from it are, ἀφιηµι (stem is αφ, I forgive, let go) and συνιηµι (stem is συν, I comprehend, understand) The principal parts of ἀφιηµι are: Present: ἀφιηµι Future: ἀφησω Aorist active: ἀφηκα Perfect active: ἀφεικα Perfect passive: ἀφεωµαι Aorist passive: ἀφεθην Some principal parts of συνιηµι are: 4

Present: συνιηµι Future: συνησω and συνησοµαι Aorist: συνηκα Its forms include: a) Present indicative active 1 st person ἱηµι ἱεµεν 2 nd person ἱης ἱετε 3 rd person ἱησι(ν) ἱασι(ν) b) Present imperative active 2 nd person ἱει ἱετε 3 rd person ἱετω ἱετωσαν c) Present active subjunctive 1 st person ἱω ἱωµεν 2 nd person ἱης ἱητε 3 rd person ἱη ἱωσι(ν) d) Present indicative middle/passive 1 st person ἱεµαι ἱεµεθα 2 nd person ἱεσαι ἱεσθε 3 rd person ἱεται ἱενται e) Present active infinitive: ιεναι f) Aorist active indicative: 1 st person ἡκα εἱµεν 2 nd person ἡκας εἱτε 3 rd person ἡκε(ν) εἱσαν or ἡκαν g) Aorist active infinitive: εἱναι h) Future indicative active: ἡσω i) Future indicative passive: ἑθησοµαι 5

j) Perfect indicative active: εἱκα k) Perfect indicative middle/passive: ἑωµαι l) Perfect middle/passive participle: εἱµενος 2. δεικνυµι (I show) There is a class of -µι verbs which adds νυ to the stem before the ending, in the present tense. This is one of such verbs. Its present indicative active forms are: 1 st person: δεικ/νυ/µι δεικ/νυ/µεν 2 nd person: δεικ/νυ/ς δεικ/νυ/τε 3 rd person: δεικ/νυ/σι(ν) δεικ/νυ/ασι(ν) 3. φηµι (I say) Only limited forms are found in the New Testament: Present active indicative: 1 st person singular (φηµι) and 3 rd person singular (φησιν) Present active imperative: 2 nd person singular - φασι Imperfect active indicative: 3 rd person singular - ἐφη Exercise 24.1 Parse (giving tense, mood, voice, person, number, the vocabulary form) the following verbs found in 1 John 1. ἀφη (1:9) 2. αφεωνται (2:12) 3. δεδωκεν (3:1; 4:13; 5:20) 4. ἐθηκεν (3:16) 5. θειναι (3:16) 6. ἐδωκεν (3:23, 24; 5:1) Exercise 24.2 Translate 1 John 2:18-29, paying attention to all that has been learned so far. 2:18 Παιδία, ἐσχάτη ὥρα ἐστίν, καὶ καθὼς ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἀντίχριστος ἔρχεται, καὶ νῦν ἀντίχριστοι πολλοὶ γεγόνασιν ὅθεν γινώσκοµεν ὅτι ἐσχάτη ὥρα ἐστίν. 19 ἐξ ἡµῶν ἐξῆλθαν, ἀλλ οὐκ ἦσαν ἐξ ἡµῶν εἰ γὰρ ἐξ ἡµῶν ἦσαν, µεµενήκεισαν ἂν µεθ ἡµῶν ἀλλ ἵνα φανερωθῶσιν ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν πάντες ἐξ ἡµῶν. 20 καὶ ὑµεῖς χρῖσµα ἔχετε ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου, καὶ οἴδατε πάντες. 21 οὐκ ἔγραψα ὑµῖν ὅτι οὐκ 6

οἴδατε τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἀλλ ὅτι οἴδατε αὐτήν, καὶ ὅτι πᾶν ψεῦδος ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας οὐκ ἔστιν. 22 Τίς ἐστιν ὁ ψεύστης εἰ µὴ ὁ ἀρνούµενος ὅτι Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Χριστός; οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀντίχριστος, ὁ ἀρνούµενος τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν υἱόν. 23 πᾶς ὁ ἀρνούµενος τὸν υἱὸν οὐδὲ τὸν πατέρα ἔχει ὁ ὁµολογῶν τὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸν πατέρα ἔχει. 24 ὑµεῖς ὃ ἠκούσατε ἀπ ἀρχῆς ἐν ὑµῖν µενέτω ἐὰν ἐν ὑµῖν µείνῃ ὃ ἀπ ἀρχῆς ἠκούσατε, καὶ ὑµεῖς ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρὶ µενεῖτε. 25 καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἐπαγγελία ἣν αὐτὸς ἐπηγγείλατο ἡµῖν, τὴν ζωὴν τὴν αἰώνιον. 26 Ταῦτα ἔγραψα ὑµῖν περὶ τῶν πλανώντων ὑµᾶς. 27 καὶ ὑµεῖς τὸ χρῖσµα ὃ ἐλάβετε ἀπ αὐτοῦ µένει ἐν ὑµῖν, καὶ οὐ χρείαν ἔχετε ἵνα τις διδάσκῃ ὑµᾶς ἀλλ ὡς τὸ αὐτοῦ χρῖσµα διδάσκει ὑµᾶς περὶ πάντων, καὶ ἀληθές ἐστιν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ψεῦδος, καὶ καθὼς ἐδίδαξεν ὑµᾶς, µένετε ἐν αὐτῷ. 28 Καὶ νῦν, τεκνία, µένετε ἐν αὐτῷ, ἵνα ἐὰν φανερωθῇ σχῶµεν παρρησίαν καὶ µὴ αἰσχυνθῶµεν ἀπ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ. 29 ἐὰν εἰδῆτε ὅτι δίκαιός ἐστιν, γινώσκετε ὅτι καὶ πᾶς ὁ ποιῶν τὴν δικαιοσύνην ἐξ αὐτοῦ γεγέννηται. Samuel M. Ngewa Africa International University 7