Έρευνα και Τεχνολογική Ανάπτυξη στις Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες NMP Πρόγραμμα Τρίτη ετήσια προκήρυξη 2009 Ημερίδες ικτύου ΠΡΑΞΗ Αθήνα, 20 Νοεμβρίου 2008 Θεσσαλονίκη, 21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 Έρευνα, ιεύθυνση Ιωάννης Αναστασίου Στρατηγική και Πολιτική Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες G-Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 1
NMP FP7 Programme FP7 statistics 1st & 2 nd stage results Overall elements I. Anastasiou DG RTD / G-1, PC Meeting - November 18, 2008 RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 2
Policy objectives: an increasing role for EU Research Objective Lisbon : to become the most dynamic and most competitive knowledge-based economy within 10 years Objective Göteborg : sustainable development (environment, health, economy, employment) European Research Area (ERA): Integrating, reinforcing, structuring RTD capacities, improving coordination of policies, overcoming fragmentation of efforts and stimulating investment in RTD Barcelona targets: 1,9% 3,0% of GDP with 2/3 financed by private sector; RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 3
Investing in research: Towards 3% of GDP? R&D in % of GDP 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Japan USA Business funded R&D Public funded R&D EU 2000 EU 2010 objective!!! RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 4
Europe s RTD intensity as world competitor % GDP 3,5 3,0 RTD intensity in major world regions Figure I.1.1 R&D intensity (GERD as % of GDP) in the major world regions, 1995-2005 (1) 3.17 JP (2) KR (3) 2.99 R&D intensity (GERD as % of GDP 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 EU-25 US (4) 2.67 EU-27 CN (5) RU 1.84 1.34 1.07 0,5 0,0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 5
% of GDP 2,40 2,20 2,00 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 % GDP Figure I.1.2 GERD financed by business enterprise and by government as % of GDP, 1995-2005 (1) 60% 53% Europe has the lowest share of private RTD funding among its world competitors 62% 53% 64% 54% 65% 55% 67% 70% 68% 65% 64% US (2) 64% EU-27 56% 56% 56% 55% 54% 55% 55% US (2) EU-27 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 BUSINESS RTD funding financed by business enterprise 2,38 2,25 1,34 financed by government GOVERNMENT RTD funding % of total RTD 55% 75% JP 75% KR 67% CN 31% 35% 64% EU RTD funding sources internally Figure II.1.4 R&D expenditure by main sources of funds (%), 2005 and as world competitor (1) 80,4 11,2 69,7 22,7 69,3 26,3 66,8 30,4 65,2 27,2 65,0 23,5 64,5 22,9 60,3 23,5 59,9 27,1 58,7 32,9 54,5 34,8 54,1 40,9 51,7 37,6 51,1 36,2 49,2 41,9 48,0 41,0 45,8 36,9 44,2 32,8 44,0 49,0 43,9 40,1 43,0 50,8 43,0 46,6 39,4 49,4 37,9 57,0 36,6 57,0 36,5 44,1 34,3 46,0 31,7 60,1 30,3 60,7 28,2 65,8 28,2 46,4 20,8 62,7 18,9 63,7 18,6 59,8 8,3 Luxembourg 5,2 Switzerland 3,2 Finland 2,5 Germany 6,8 Slovenia 7,3 Sweden 3,6 Israel 12,9 Belgium 10, 3 Denmark 6,6 Ireland 8,5 EU-27 4,0 Czech Republic 8,8 France 11,3 Netherlands 7,4 Norway 6,2 Spain 17,0 Austria 17,2 UK 5,5 Romania 14,5 Iceland 6,2 Italy 2,6 Croatia 21,6 21,6 6,0 17,0 18,5 10, 7 Hungary 0,4Turkey 5,0 Portugal 5,7 Poland 5,5 Bulgaria Greece 10, 5 Lit huania 11,5 Cyprus Malta 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Slovakia Estonia Lat via Business enterprise Government Ot her nat ional sources Abroad RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 6
% GDP Evolution of business expenditures in RTD in world regions Figure I.2.1 Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) as % of GDP in the major world regions, 1995-2005 (1) 3,0 2,5 JP 2,37% KR (1) 2,13% BERD as % of GDP 2,0 1,5 EU-25 US (2) 1,70% EU-27 1,00% (55% of 1.84 GDP) 1,0 CN (3) 0,91% RU 0,73% 0,5 0,0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 7
Corporate HE RC other nat Foreign EC EC RTD funding 7.5 b / 3,6% EU is a mosaic of countries in RTD, too Corporate RTD 55 % EU Total RTD RTD 210 b / 1,84% GDP Government RTD HE + RC = 35 % DE+ FR+ UK+ SE= 72% DE FR UK SE ES IT NL FI BE AT DK IE, GR, PT, LX EU-12 RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 8
7th Framework Programme Building the Europe of knowledge Theme 4: N&N, Materials, Production Improve the competitiveness of European Industry RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 14
FP7 - main features continuity with FP6: no major changes in the approach but adapt to The transition towards a knowledge-based society RTD as a key element linking together competitiveness and knowledge as well as sustainability Transnational collaborative research remains the core activity of the FP and priority research topics identified on the basis of competitiveness and other Community policy objectives Emphasis on industry-driven character of Technology Initiatives Overall support to Basic Research activities and to a possible new management mechanism to be set up (ERC) Importance of attracting researchers to Europe Support to up-grading/access to research infrastructures S&T excellence and equality of access: two fundamental criteria at EU level Improved procedures and management (continuity and simplification) RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 15
What s new in the EC proposal? Duration increased from 5 to 7 years An overall budget of 50 521 mio (including JRC) New structure: 4 Specific Programmes Themes for collaborative research include some new areas and greater flexibility SME specific actions benefit from a budget increase Funding schemes: more flexible and simplified RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 16
Relationship between texts Framework Programme SP: Capacities SP: People SP: Ideas SP: Cooperation COM Building the ERA of knowledge COM staff working doc Simplification Rules for Participation (Art 167) Simplified contracts Work Programme / Theme Theme 4 will have its own work programme Information packs, manuals for participants... RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 17
FP7 budget (in billion Euros, total 50.521) JRC (n.n.) 1.751 Capacities 4.097 People 4.750 Cooperation 32.413 Ideas 7.510 RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 18
FP7 2007-2013 Cooperation : 9 Themes and budget Cooperation Budget ( million, current prices) 1. Health 5984 2. Biotechnology, food and agriculture 1935 3. Information and communication technologies 9110 4. Nanotechnologies, Materials and Production - NMP 3467 5. Energy 2265 6. Environment (incl. climate change) 1886 7. Transport (incl. aeronautics) 4180 8. Socio-economic sciences and the humanities 607 9. Security and space 2858 Total 32 292 * Not including non-nuclear activities of the Joint Research Centre: 1751 million RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 19
Theme 4 - NMP Research Activities Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies Materials Industrial New Production transformation Integration of technologies for industrial applications RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 20
NMP Strategic Framework NMP Technology coverage Upstream Technology Development Multi-sectoral Potential Small / Medium scale projects Downstream Technology Integration Multi-sectoral Benefits Cross / Single-sector Integration Large scale projects Nanosciences Nanotechnologies Materials Technologies Production Technologies NMP RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 22
NMP main features NMP addresses all industrial sectors Stimulates strong participation of SMEs Promotes a multi-disciplinary approach Favours cooperation across the supply chain Two stage proposal submission (except CSA) Budget allocation by call (not by Activity/Area) Yearly updated work programme RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 25
Collaborative projects Small or medium scale focussed projects < 4 million EC funding requested (diff. Joint & Coord) Large scale integrating projects > 4 million EC funding requested SME-targeted projects: at least 35% to SMEs Networks of Excellence (not in the first calls) Coordination and Support actions Funding Schemes RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 28
Maximum Funding Rates - Research and technological activities: up to 50% of eligible costs, except for: Public bodies: up to 75% Secondary and higher education establishments: up to 75% Research organisations (non-profit): up to 75% SMEs: up to 75% - Demonstration activities: up to 50% - Other activities: up to 100%, e.g. Management - Coordination and Support Actions: up to 100% RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 29
The use of funding schemes NMP WP main features (cont.) Collaborative projects: small-medium -scale actions knowledge-driven and larger -scale actions integrating different components from research to education - (include SME-dedicated projects) Networks of excellence: promote durable integration of key competences to support research activities in strategic areas Coordination and supporting actions: coordination and networking, studies, info/com, etc. as well as ERA-NET and specific international cooperation activities. RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 30
23 topics + 2 topics (Collab. & CSA) Separate Joint Call on Biorefineries with Themes: Energy, Environment, Food NMP Programme - Theme 4 3 RD CALL - 2009 Outline of the FINAL NMP 2009 Work Programme LArge SME SMall Other Large scale cooperative projects SME-focused cooperative projects Small or medium scale cooperative projects Coordination & Support Actions (CSA) ERA Net ERA Net Plus NANO (8) MATERIALS (6) 2 1 2 + 1** 3 + 1* + 1** 2 + 1** PRODUCTION (4) 2 1 1 INTEGRATION (5) 2 1 1 1 Totals (23) 6 3 9 4 1 * Joint call with Theme Environment, ** INCO actions (Russia & SICA) RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 31
NMP Programme - Theme 4 3 RD CALL - 2009 EC funding for the Third NMP FP7 Call LArge SME SMall Other 23 topics 246.5 M NMP budget Large scale cooperative projects SME-focused cooperative projects Small or medium scale cooperative projects Coordination & Support Actions (CSA) ERA Net ERA Net Plus TOTAL of topics (23) 6 3 7+1*+1** 3+1** 1 TOTAL NMP budget 246.5 M (indicative) 125 25 90 5 1.5 Additional funding for those topics by other sources: * + 5 M by Theme Environment on a Joint call; ** + 5 M by Russia on a coordinated INCO call. + 2 topics on Biorefineries (Collab. & CSA) in a separate Joint Call with Themes: Energy, Environment, Food with an NMP contribution of 7 M RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 32
Theme 4 - NMP Activity 4.1 Nanosciences - Nanotechnologies Objectives: (a) generate new knowledge by studying new phenomena at the nano scale (b) promote innovation by developing nanotechnologies. Toward a new generation of sustainable products and services. Pluri-disciplinary: integration and convergence of several technologies, various sectoral applications, and along all steps of added value generation. Impact to society: consequences on health, security and the environment. Importance of public acceptance. RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 33
Activity 4.1 Nanosciences - Nanotechnologies 4.1.1 Nanosciences and converging sciences Development of new knowledge at the nano scale to open new horizons, in collaboration with other scientific fields (bio, physics, chemistry, math, environmental, social, engineering, etc.) 4.1.2 Nanotechnologies and converging technologies Promote industrial innovation towards new products, services, components, devices, systems and manufacturing processes through an inter-disciplinary approach. 4.1.3 Impacts on Health and the Environment Support the scientific assessment of potential health and environmental risks associated with nanotechnology-based materials and products at the earliest possible stage. RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 34
Activity 4.1 Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies LArge SME SMall Other 4.1.1 Nanosciences and converging sciences (1 topic) (8 topics) NMP 2009 WP 3rd FP7 call 4.1.1-1 Nanobiotechnology: Applying life science principles as model for new nanotechnology-based mechanisms, processes, devices and/or systems ) - SM 4.1.2 Nanotechnologies and converging technologies (5 topics) 4.1.2-1 Nanotechnology for harvesting energy via photovoltaic technologies - SM 4.1.2-2 Molecular factory: manufacturing objects with predictable and controllable properties - SM 4.1.2-3 Nanostructured sensors - SM Coordinated call with Russia 4.1.2-4 Mapping of nanotechnology and nanostructured materials research infrastructures in Russia CSA - support 4.1.2-5 Best practices to lower the barriers for commercialisation of nanotechnology research CSA - support 4.1.3 Health and Environmental Impacts (2 topics) Coordinated call with Russia 4.1.3-1 Activities towards the development of appropriate solutions for the use, recycling and final treatment of nanotechnology-based products - SM Joint call ENVIRONMENT 4.1.3-2 Exposure scenarios to nanoparticles CSA - support RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 35
Theme 4 - NMP Activity 4.2 Materials Objectives: develop new knowledge-based multifundtional surfaces and materials with tailored properties and predictable performance, for new products and processes targeting a wide range of applications. Pluri-disciplinary: utilise the potential of nanotechnologies and integrate the possibilities of every scientific domain or discipline. Criticality: knowledge-based materials are becoming the first stage in increasing the value of products and their performance, rather than simple production steps. RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 36
Activity 4.2 Materials 4.2.1 Mastering nano-scale complexity in materials. Tailor at the nano scale novel material systems with radically new properties based on improved understanding of materials nanostructure. 4.2.2 Knowledge-based smart materials with tailored properties. Design novel knowledge-based smart materials releasing their potential for enhanced and innovative applications. 4.2.3 Novel biomaterials and bio-inspired materials. Achieve radical innovations in state-of-the-art biomaterials and design highperforming bio-inspired materials learning from natural processes. 4.2.4 Advances in chemical technologies and materials processing. Radically improve materials by increasing knowledge in materials chemistry and chemical processes, in particular at the nano scale and in a sustainable manner. 4.2.5 Using engineering to develop high-performance knowledge based materials. Use advanced engineering to design materials systems for specific highdemanding applications, incorporating micro-structural information. RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 37
Activity 4.2 Materials LArge SME SMall (6 topics) Other NMP 2009 WP 3rd FP7 call 4.2.1 Mastering nano-scale complexity in materials (1 topic) 4.2.1-1 Nano-structured materials based on graphene - SM 4.2.2 Knowledge-based smart materials with tailored properties (1 topic) 4.2.2-1 Oxide materials for electronic applications - LA 4.2.3 Novel material and bio-inspired materials (1 topic) 4.2.3-1 Bio-mimetic gels and polymers for tissue repair SM 4.2.4 Advances in chemical technologies and materials processing (1 topic) 4.2.4-1 New biomass-based composite materials and their processing - SME SME 4.2.5 Using engineering to develop high performance knowledge-base materials (1 topics) 4.2.5-1 Light, high-performance composites - LA 4.2.6 Coordinated activities and international cooperation (1 topic) 4.2.6-1 Novel membranes for water technologies - SM SICA for African and Mediterranean partner countries RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 38
Activity 4.3 New Production Theme 4 - NMP Objectives: create the appropriate conditions for continuous innovation at every level of a sustainable production system and develop generic production assets (technologies, organisation, facilities, human resources.) Pluri-disciplinary: utilise the potential of nanotechnologies and new materials, integrate the possibilities of every scientific domain and discipline along the entire life-cycle of products, for a large spectrum of sectors and of industrial applications. Criticality: the industrial transformation from a resourceintensive to a knowledge-based, high added-value industrial environment is essential for Europe. Towards «Factories made in Europe». RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 39
Activity 4.3 New Production 4.3.1 Development and validation of new industrial models and strategies Development of concepts for knwoledge-based factories as products, continuously adaptable to the changing requirements of the global market. 4.3.2 Adaptive production systems Develop agile production systems, anticipating smal-series oriented adaptable and flexible production, using a holistic approach. 4.3.3 Networked production Develop the tools and methods for cooperative networked production operations of high added value, aiming at a global production capability. 4.3.4 Rapid transfer and integration of new technologies into the design and operations of manufacturing processes Develop knowledge-based engineering capacities drawing on in-depth understanding of the behaviour of machines, processes and systems. 4.3.5 Exploitation of the convergence of technologies Stimulate the creation of new industries by facilitating the design, engineering and manufacturing of the next generation of high-added value products. RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 40
Activity 4.3 New Production LArge SME SMall (4 topics) Other NMP 2009 WP 3rd FP7 call 4.3.1 Development and validation of new industrial models and strategies (0 topic) No topics foreseen for the year 2009 4.3.2 Adaptive production systems (2 topics) 4.3.2-1 Innovative pathways for sustainable chemical production - LA 4.3.2-2 Adapted control systems for responsive factories - SM 4.3.3 Networked production (0 topic) No topics foreseen for the year 2009 4.3.4 Rapid transfer and integration of new technologies into the design and operation of manufacturing processes (2 topics) 4.3.4-1 Automation and robotics for sustainable crop and forestry management LA 4.3.4-2 Holistic and integrated approach to high-performance, reliable and adaptive machine tool design and production SMEs SME 4.3.5 Exploitation of the convergence of technologies (0 topic) No topics foreseen for the year 2009 RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 41
Activity 4.4 Theme 4 - NMP Integration of technologies for industrial applications Objectives: Towards new applications and novel, stepchange technological solutions responding to major challenges, including those identified within the ETPs. Transforming traditional industry. Increased productivity and added value facing the low-cost global competition. Fostering scale-intensive and specialised suppliers industry. Adoption and integration of new technologies improving global EU leadership. Promoting science-based industry. Integration of most of the advanced high technologies related to nano, materials and production activities, in order to establish a high added value EU industry. Towards a sustainable supply industry. Innovation in products and productivity, especially for sectors with large environmental footprint. RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 42
NMP 2009 WP 3rd FP7 call* Activity 4.4 Integration of technologies for industrial applications (5 topics & 2 topics in the Joint Biorefineries call) LArge SME Other Joint call with Themes: Environment, Energy, Food 4.4.0-1* Sustainable Biorefineries Collaborative projects 4.4.0-2* Enhancing exchange of information, synergies and cross-fertilisation between projects in the field of Biorefineries CSA - coordination 4.4.0-3 Development of nanotechnology-based systems for molecular diagnostics and imaging - LA 4.4.0-4 Reducing environmental footprint of energy intensive industries - LA 4.4.0-5 Innovative and knowledge-based tooling industry - SME SME 4.4.0-6 Organisation of NMP events related to the Presidencies of the EU CSA - Support 4.4.0-7 ERANET on high value added textiles - ERANET * Biorefineries : Separate, joint call separate publication date two topics RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 43
NMP WP 2009 Calls Main calls for 2009 organised by type of scheme (submission deadlines) Large-scale: 17 February 2009 (125 M ) SME-targeted: 17 February 2009 (25 M ) SMALL-scale: 17 February 2009 (80 M ) CSAs: 31 March 2009 (5 M ) EAR net: 31 March 2009 (1.5 M ) Joint calls addressing cross-cutting topics and implemented jointly with 4 Themes (Energy, Environment, Food) on BIOREFINERY: 8 December 2008 (7 NMP + 50 M ) Coordinated calls allowing concurrent calls with other Themes on topics/initiatives with complementary objectives, including third countries with Environment : 31 March 2009 (5 NMP + 5 M ) with Russia (3 sub-topics-nanosensors): 31 March 2009 (5 M by NMP) RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 44
Information EU research: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research Seventh Framework Programme and SPs: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/future/index_e n.cfm Information on research programmes and projects: http://www.cordis.lu NMP Industrial Research Magazine http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/industrial_tec hnologies/lists/magazine_en.html/ Nanotechnologies: http://www.cordis.lu/nanotechnologies RTD info magazine: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo RTD-G / Βιομηχανικές Τεχνολογίες / IA Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη, 20-21 Νοεμβρίου 2008 45