A Lesson 10 Vocabulary Summer Greek Croy Lesson 10 Ω ἄγω αἴρω ἀναβαίνω ἀπέρχοµαι ἀποθνῄσκω ἀποκτείνω καταβαίνω µέλλω ὀφείλω συνάγω ἀπόστολος, ὁ ἱερόν, τό παρά (G,D,A) (+ gen.) from; (+ dat.) beside, with, among; (+ acc.) by, along ὑπέρ (G,A) (+ gen.) in behalf of; (+ acc.) above (hyperactive) TENSE=> KIND of action CONTINUING (ongoing, linear) COMPLETED (with result or ongoing effect) SIMPLE (affirmation of action w/out regard to duration or completion) and TIME of action Past Concurrent Future using the verb λύω TENSE=> Kind of action and time of action PRESENT: I am loosening, I loosen FUTURE: I will be loosening, I will loosen IMPERFECT: I was loosening AORIST: I loosened PERFECT: I have loosened PLUPERFECT: I had loosened KIND of action: Continuing, Completed, Simple TIME of action: Past, Concurrent, Future : Conjugating PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE : Conjugating PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE I am loosening, I loosen you are loosening, you loosen he/she/it is loosening he/she/it loosens we are loosening, we loosen you (y all) are loosening, you loosen they are loosening, they loosen λύω λύεις λύει λύοµεν λύετε λύου ουσι(ν) 1
ACTIVE ENDINGS MIDDLE/PASSIVE ENDINGS - ω* - µεν *shown with combined theme vowel λύοµαι λύῃ λύεται λυόµεθ µεθα λύεσθε λύοντ νται MIDDLE/PASSIVE ENDINGS IMPERFECT : Conjugating IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE English: Past Progressive Continuing/linear/progressive action in the past I was loosening we were loosening you were loosening he/she/it was loosening you (y all) were loosening they were loosening ACTIVE MIDDLE/PASSIVE - ω* - µεν ACTIVE MIDDLE/PASSIVE -ν - µεν -ς - (ν) CONTEXT Following α or ο Following ε or ι 2
Greek Verb Formation Greek Verb Formation always accompanied by endings always indicates past time always indicates INDICATIVE mood PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PrimAct PRES MPD -- STEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct Greek Verb Formation PRES ACT -- λυ -- o μεν PRES MPD -- λυ -- o μεθα IMPF ACT ἐ λυ -- o μεν - ω* - µεν -ν - µεν -ς - (ν) MEMORIZE THIS! ACTIVE ENDINGS - ν - µεν - ς - (ν) You will always see the Secondary endings with an Augment ΙΜPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct ἔλυον ἐλύοµεν ἔλυες ἐλύετε ἔλυε(ν) How will I know if it is 1S or 3P???? CONTEXT! How will I remember 1S/3P or 3S? Think hεand shε ἔλυον 3
PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE to be loosening λύ-ειν > λύειν PRESENT ΜID/PASS/DEP INFINITIVE to be loosening myself / to keep on being loosened λύ-ε-σθαι > λύεσθαι Augments But διδασκαλε, what about a verb like εὑρίσκω? What if a verb already starts with an epsilon or some other vowel? NO IMPERFECT INFINITIVE! PRES ἀγω ἀκούω ἐγείρω ὀφειλω αἴρω εὑρίσκω Augments IMPF ἦγον ἤκουον ἤγειρον ὤφειλον ᾖρον ηὕρισκον ε + α = η ε + ε = η >> that is, lengthen the vowel ε + ο = ω Augments Compound Verbs ἀποθνῃσκω >> ἀπο θνῃσκω ἀπεθνῃσκον ἀποκτεινω >> ἀπο κτεινω ἀπεκτεινον καταβαινω >> κατα βαινω κατεβαινον ἔχω θέλω µέλλω Augments -Ιrregulars εἶχον ἔθελον or ἠθελον ἔµελλον or ἠµελλον ACTIVE ENDINGS - ν - µεν - ς - (ν) You will always see the Secondary endings with an Augment 4
ΙΜPERFECT INDICATIVE of εἰμι Croy 10 -Exercises Do even sentences of Practice and Review Do #s 1 and 10 of NT ἤµην ἦς ἦν ἦµεν ἦτε ἦσαν 5