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22 2 Vol 22, No 2 2003 5 J OU RNAL O F OC EANO GRA P H Y IN TAI WAN S TRAI T May, 2003 Ξ,,, (, 361005) :, : ; ; :Q492 :A :100028160 (2003) 0220254208,,,, ( ),, [1 7 ] ], [1,7,8 ], 1 1 1,, ( Penaeus

1 22 2 Vol 22, No J OU RNAL O F OC EANO GRA P H Y IN TAI WAN S TRAI T May, 2003 Ξ,,, (, ) :, : ; ; :Q492 :A : (2003) ,,,, ( ),, [1 7 ] ], [1,7,8 ], 1 1 1,, ( Penaeus indicus) ;, ( M acrobrachium ), [1, ],, (DNA) ; ( ), ( Penaeus japonicus), (C16 0) 29,, Ξ : : : (1967 ),,, China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved

2 2 : 255 [1 ] Gendron ( 2001), ( Hom arus [9 americanus) ] 1 2,,, (Lipovitellin, LV) (Vitellogenin, V G),10, ],, ] Ang (1992) (CP) 25 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 4, ( M acrobrachium rosenbergii) ( gonado2somatic in2 dex, GSI) (fecundity) CP 40 % 30 %, CP CP 30 % [11 ], ( Penaeus monodon), 50 % 55 % ] Gendron (2001) [9, ],,, ( Neathes sp ) ( Sepiella sp ) ( A rtemia sp ) ( L i m nodril us sp ) ( A nodonta sp ) ( Crassost rea sp ) ], [1,7 ], [9 ],,, 1 3, ( EFA) ( PL) ( HU FAs) HU FAs,,, HU FAs[ (eicosapentanoic acid, EPA) (docosahexacnoic acid, DHA) ] (cholesterol), ] HU FAs, EPA DHA,, China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved ]

3 256 22,EPA EPA, DHA DHA (arachidonic acid, ARA), ], HU FAs, 23HU FAs/ 263HU FAs EPA/ DHA/ ARA,, 2 3HU FAs,,, ], ] ( Penaeus styi rot ris) 1 5 %, ( L itopenaeus vannamei) 2 0 %, ] D (Vitamin D, V D ), [12, ] ;, [13, (lecithin) ],,, HU FAs, HU FAs, 2 3HU FAs ( P chinensis) ( Eriochei r sinensis) [2,7,14 18 ], [19 ],, 1 4, [1 ], (cartenoglycolipoproteins) China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved

4 2 : 257 ( ) [1 ], ], 1 5, A (Vitamin A, V A ) E ( V E ) C (V C ),V A V E V C Alava (1993) V A, ( GSI) [20 ], V A ; Pangantihon2kuhlmann (1998), V A [21 ] V A V A, V E ;,V E,,, [16 V E ] [15 ] ;, V E (55 % 15 3 %) (28 % 15 8 %) [22 ] ; V E, [23 ] ; V E, [24,, ] ; Cavalli (2001), V E, V E, V E [17, ],V E ] V C,,, [25,, ] Alava (1993), V C,,V C [17 V C, V C ] ;V C,V C (58 % 21 0 %) (32 % 19 3 %) [22 ] ; V C [15 ] ; V C [24 ] ; V D, V D [1,7 ],, China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved [20 ] ;

5 258 22, ( ) V A V E V C, 1 6, ;,, [1 ] [26, Ca Mg Zn Cu Fe Mn ],26 ],,,,, 1 7 [27 29 ],,, [29 ] A, V A ], ], ;,,, [1 ] [22 ;, ] 2,, China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved

6 2 : 259,,,,, : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4), : [ 1 ] Harrison K E Broodst ock nut rition and maturation diets [ A ] D A bramo L R, Conklin D E, A kiya2 ma D M Crus t ac e an Nu t ri t ion ( Vol 6 ) [ M ] Baton Rouge : The World Aquaculture Society, [2 ] Ji W J Effect of highly unsaturated fatty acids in broodstock diets on sprawning and egg quality of Penaeus chinensis[j ] J ournal of Fis herie s of China, 1998,22 (3) : [ 3 ] Wouters R, Piguave X, Bastidas L, et al Ovarian maturation and haemolymp hatic vitellogenin con2 cent ration of Pacific w hite shrimp Litopenaeus va nna mei (B oone) f ed increasing levels of t otal dietary lipids and HU FA [J ] Aquac ul t ure Re s e arc h, 2001,32 (8) : [4 ] Ravinder S S, Maria C Chavez2Sanchez, Carlos A Martinez2Palacios, et al Eff ect of supplementing ascorbic acid (L2ascorbyl222p olyp hosp hate) in broodst ock diet of t he w hite shrimp Litopenaeus va n2 na mei [J ] J ournal of t he World Aquac ul t ure S ocie t y, 2000,31 (1) : [ 5 ] Benzie J A H A review of t he eff ect of genetics and environment on t he maturation and larval quality of t he giant tiger p raw n Penaeus monodon[j ] Aquac ul t ure, 1997,155 (1 4) :69 85 [ 6 ] Millamena O M, Quinitio E The eff ects of diets on rep roductive perf ormance of eyestalk ablated and intact mud crab Scylla serrata [J ] Aquac ul t ure, 2000,181 (1 2) :81 90 [ 7 ] Wouters R, L avens P, Niet o J, et al Penaeid shrimp broodst ock nut rition : an up dated review on re2 search and develop ment [J ] Aquac ul t ure, 2001,202 (1 2) :1 21 [8 ] Wouters R, Cesar Molina, L avens P, et al L ipid comp osition and vitamin content of wild f emale Litopenaeus va nna mei in diff erent stages of sexual maturation [J ] Aquac ul t ure, 2001, 198 ( 3 4) : [ 9 ] Gendron L ouise, Fradette Piene, Godbout Guillaume The imp ortance of rock crab ( Ca ncer irrorat us) f or growt h, condition and ovary develop ment of adult A merican lobster ( Homarus a merica nus) [J ] J Exp Mar Biol & Ec ol, 2001,262 (2) : [10 ] Rani K, Subramoniam T Vitellogenesis in t he mud crab Scylla serrata an in vivo isot ope study China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved

7 [J ] J ournal of Crus t ac e an Biology,1997,17 (4) : [ 11 ] A ng K J, L ee Y M, L aw A T Protein requirements f or Macrobrachi um rosenbergii [ A ] Asian Fish2 eries Society Third As ian Fis herie s Forum[ C ] Singap ore : Asian Fisheries Society, [ 12 ] D A bramo L R Triacylglycerol and f atty acids [ A ] D A bramo L R, Conklin D E, A kiyama D M Crus t ac e an Nu t ri t ion (Vol 6) [ M ] Bat on Rouge : World Aquaculture Society, [13 ] Castille F L, L awrence A L Relationship between maturation and biochemical comp osition of t he gonads and digestive glands of t he shrimps P aztecus and P setiferus [J ] J Crus t a Bio, 1989, 9 : [ 14 ] Harel M, Tandler A, Kissil G Wm, et al The kinetics of nut rient incorp oration int o body tissues of gilt head sea bream S a urata f emales and subsequent eff ects on egg comp osition and egg quality[j ] Bri t ain J ournal Nu t ri t ion,1994,72 :45 58 [ 15 ] Wouters R, Gomez L, L avens P, et al Feeding enriched A rtemia biomass t o Penaeus va nna mei broodst ock : it s effcet on rep roductive perf ormance and larval quality[j ] J ournal of S hellf is h Re2 s e arc h, 1999,18 (2) : [ 16 ] Cavalli R O, MensChaert G, L avens P, et al Maturation perf ormance, offsp ring quality and lipid comp osition of Macrobrachi um rosenbergii f emale f ed increasing levels of dietary p hosp holids [ J ] Aquac ul t ure In t era t ional, 2000,8 :41 58 [ 17 ] Cavalli R O Broods t oc k Nu t ri t ion and Off sp ring Quali t y of t he Fre s hw a t er Pra w n Macrobrac hi2 um ros e nbergii de Man [ D ] U niversity, 2000 Gent : Facult y of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent [ 18 ] ( Eriocheir sinensis) [ D ] :, 2000 [19 ] Duncan S M, Vanp utte C M, L einer K A Nut rient regulation of endocrine f unction in fish [J ] Aquac ul t ure,1998,161 (1 4) :3 25 [ 20 ] Alava V R, Kanazawa A, Teshima S I, et al Eff ect of dietary vitamins A, E and C on t he ovarian develop ment of Penaeus jap onicus[j ] Nipp on S uis an Gakkais hi, 1993,59 (7) : [ 21 ] Pangantihon2Kuhlmann M P, Millamena O, Chern Y Eff ect of dietary astaxant hin and vitamin A on t he rep roductive perf ormance of Penaeus monodon broodst ock[j ] Aqua t ic Living Re s ourc e s, 1998, 11 (6) : [ 22 ] Cahu C L, Cuzon G, Quazuguel P Eff ect of highly unsaturated f atty acids, 2t ocop herol and ascor2 bic acid in broodst ock diet on egg comp osition and develop ment of Penaeus indicus [ J ] Comp Bioc hem Phys iol,1995,112a (3/ 4) : [ 23 ] ( Penaeus monodon) V E [J ], 1999,23 (8) : [ 24 ] ( Eriocheir sinensis) [ D ] :,2001 [25 ] Dabrowski K, Ciereszko Ascorbic acid and rep roduction in fish : endocrine regulation and gamete quality[j ] Aquac ul t ure Re s e arc h,2001,32 (9) : [ 26 ] Mendez L, Racotta I S, Acosta B, et al Mineral concent ration in tissues during ovarian develop ment of t he w hite shrimp Penaeus va nna mei ( Decap oda : Penaeidae) [J ] Marine Biology, 2001, 138 (4) : [ 27 ] Snodderly D M Evidence f or p rotection against age related macular degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins [J ] Am J Clin Nu t r,1995,62 : China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved

8 2 : 261 [28 ] Mantiri D M H, Genevieve Negre2Sadargues, Guy Charmantier, et al Nature and metabolism of cartenoid pigments during t he embryogenesis of European lobster Homarus ga mmarus (L inne, 1758) [J ] Comp Bioc hem Phys iol, 1996,115A (3) : [ 29 ] Berticat O, Genevie ve Ne gre2sadargues, Rene Castillo The metabolism of astaxant hin during t he embryonic develop ment of t he crayfish Astacus leptodactyl us Eschscholtz ( Crustacea, Astacidea) [J ] Comp Bioc hem Phys iol,2000,127b (3) : Re s e arc h a dva nc e me n t on re quire me n t s of broods t oc k nu t ri t i on f or s hrimp s a nd c ra bs A I Chun2xiang,L I Shao2jing,WAN G Gui2zhong,L IN Qiong2wu ( Dep art ment of Oceanograp hy/ Institute of Subt ropical Oceanograp hy, Xiamen U niversit y, Xiamen , China) A bs t ra c t : This paper reviews the current knowledge on shrimp and crab broodstock nutrition The nut rient s are important to sustain optimal shrimp and crab mat uration, reproduction and off2 spring quality Additionally, t he f urt her st udies on t he effect s of dietary nut rition on reproductive performance of shrimp and crab are suggested Ke y w ords : marine zoophysiology ; nutrition requirement ; review ; shrimps and crabs ; reproduc2 tive China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved

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