Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) 44, 129, 135, 136, 169. Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus, A. aestivalis) 144, 180

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1 SPECIES INDEX A Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) 44, 129, 135, 136, 169 Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus, A. aestivalis) 144, 180 Anchovy, Pacific northern (Engraulis mordax) 24, 68, 70, 160 Anchovy, Peruvian (Engraulis ringens) 3, 4 B Barracudas (Sphyraena spp.) 48 Basses, Pacific (Serranidae) 48 Before-the-wind sailor (Velella) 166 Beluga (Delphinapterus leuaas) Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) 136 Biscayan right whale (Balaena glaaialis) Black cod (Anoplopoma fimbria) 125 Black drum (Pogonias aromis) 75 Black right whale (Balaena glaaialis) Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) 75 Blackfin cisco (Coregonus nigripinnis) 154, 156 Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) 154 Blue crab (Callineates sapidus) 64-66, 178 Blue pike (Stizostedion vitreum glauaum) 153, 156 Blue whale (Balaenoptera musoulus) 1, Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) 135, 136 Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) 9, 48, 74, 75, 79 Bonito, Atlantic (Sarda sarda) 75 Bonitos (Sarda spp.) 48 Boring snails (Gastropoda) 32 Bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon spp.) Bowhead whale (Balaena mystioetus) Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni)

2 183 Bullheads (Family Cottidae) 88 Butterfish (Peprilus triaaanthus) 144 C Carp (Cyprinus aarpio) 153, 154 Cestodes (Triaenophorus crassus) 31, 32, 128 Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) 153 Chinook salmon (Onoorhynahus tshawytscha) 48, 114, 121 Chubs (Coregonus spp.) 154, 156 Chum salmon (Onoorhynahus keta) 114 Ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) 152, 154, 156, 157 Coal fish (Pollachius virens) 99 Cod, Atlantic (Gadus morhua) 4, 12, 19, 24, 42-44, 75, 143, 144, 160, 161, 179 Coho salmon (Onoorhynahus kisutch) 48, 114, 121, 153 Copepods - freshwater (Cyclops spp.) 31 Corbina, California (Menticirrhus undulatus) 48 Crabs (Order Decapoda) 1, 12, 32 Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) 75 Croaker, Atlantic (Micropogonias undulatus) 12, 75 D Dermoaystidium marinum 55, 56 Diatom (Cocconeis cetiaola) 98 Dogfishes (Squalus, Mustelus) 75 Dolphins (Coryphaena spp.) 75 Dolphins (Family Delphinidae) 48, 100 F Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Finescale menhaden (Brevoortia gunteri) 68 Fluke (Paraliohthys dentatus) 9 Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) 153 Fungus (Dermoaystidium marinum) 56 Fungus (Perkinsus marinus) 31, Fur seal, northern (Callorhinus ursinus) 8, 9, 81-86, 124, 126, 178

3 184 G Giant sturgeon (Huso huso) 101 Gray cod (Gadus macrocephalus) 88, 90 Gray whale (Eschrictius robustus, formerly Rhachiccnectes glauous) Green crab (Carcinus maenas) 168, 170 Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) 166 Greenland right whale (Balaena mystiaetus) Groupers (Epinephelus, Mycteroperca) 48, 74, 75 Gulf of Mexico menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) 68 Guppies (Lebistes reticulatus) 34, 36 Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) 4, 9, 42, 43, , 147, 148, 164, 165, 179 Hake, Pacific (Merluccius produotus) 88 Hakes (Family Gadidae) 75 Halibut, Atlantic (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) 87 Halibut, California (Paralichthys oalifornicus) 48 Halibut, Pacific (Hippoglossus stenolepis) 8, 9, 33, 87-92, 124, 126, , 172, 178 Haplosporidian parasite (Minchinia nelsoni) 31, 55, 57 Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) 31, 55, 57, 61 Hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) 167, 169 Herring, Atlantic (Clupea harengus harengus) 22, 23, 71, 75, 144, 147, 163, 175, 179 Herring, Pacific (Clupea harengus pallasi) 24, 88, 90, 124, 126, 132, 162, 175 Herrings (Clupea, Alosa) 4, 12, 147, 161 Horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) 68 Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Industrial species 14, 42, 47, 48, 68-71, 74, 152, 178 Jacks (Family Carangidae) 4, 75 I J H

4 185 K Kamloops trout (Salmo gairdnerii) 115 Killer whale (Orcinus orca) King crabs (Paralithodes aamtschatioa) 125, 133, 179 King mackerel (Soomberomorus oavalla) 48, 75 Kingfishes (Menticirrhus spp.) 75 Kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 114 Krill (Euphausia superba) 1, 2 L Lake herring (Coregonus artedii) , 156 Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) 154, 156 Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) , 180 Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Ling (Urophycis chuss) 144 Little tuna (Euthynnus alleteratus) 75 Lobster, American (Uomarus amerioanus) 30, 164, 175 Lobster, rock (Family Palinuridae) 175 M Mackerel, Atlantic (Scomber scombrus) 74, 75, 144, 164 Mackerels (Auxis, Scomber, Soomberomorus) 4, 12, 48, 75 Masou salmon [Onoorhynahus masu) 115 Mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia spp.) 153 Menhaden (Brevoortia spp.) 47, 68-71, 178 Menhaden, Atlantic (Brevoortia tyrannus) 65, 68-71, 79, 164 Minchinia nelscrni (MSX) 31, 57 Minke whale (Balaenoptera aoutorostrata) Mullets (Mugil spp.) 75 N Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) Nematode (Dacnitis truttae) 31, 32, 128

5 186 Ocean quahogs (Arctica islandiaa) 179, 180 Oyster drills (Gastropoda) 32, 52, 168 Oysters (Crassostrea, Ostrea) 1, 2, 12, 15, 46, 47, 51, 55, 167, 172, 178 Oysters, Virginia (Crassostrea virginiaa) 31, 32, 51-61, 64, 65, , 172, 178 Parasitic worm (Penella antarotiaa) 99 Perkinsus marinus 57 Pike (Esox lucius) 31, 32, 128 Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbusoha) 113, 115, 120, 126, 160 Pollock, Alaska (Theragra chaloogramma) 9, 88, 126 Pollock, Atlantic (Pollachius virens) 75, 144 Pollock, Pacific (Theragra chaloogramma) 9, 88, 126 Porpoises (Family Delphinidae) 7, 45, , 141, 179 Pygmy blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) 115 Red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes) 166 Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) 48, 75 Red hake (Vrophycie chuss) 144, 163 Red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 44, 113, 115, 116, , 133, 134, 160, 161, 165 Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) 74, 75 Redfish or rosefish (Sebastes marinus) 4, 144 River herrings (Alosa spp.) 147 Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) 12, 48, 88 Rorquals (Balaenoptera spp.) Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) 88, 90, 126, 162 Salmon, Alaska (Oncorhynchus spp.) 100, , 175, 178 Salmon, Atlantic (Salmo salar) 119, 155, 156 Salmons ("Oncorhynchus spp.) 4, 90, 154, 158, 160, 162, P R S

6 187 Salmons, Pacific (Onoorhynahus spp.) 24, 27, 31, 32, 43, 44, 90, , 157, 165, 167, 168, 170, 175, 179 Sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) 88 Sand sea trout (Cynosoion arenarius) 74, 75 Sardine, Pacific (Sardinops sagax, formerly oaerulea) 7, 47, 68-71, 160, 162, 165, 166, 178 Sauger (Stizostedion ocmadense) 153, 156 Scallops (Plaaopeaten, Argopeaten) 12, 175 Scrag whale (Esdhriotius robustus) Scup (Stenotomus ohrysops) 48, 75 Sea canary (Velphinapterus leuoas) 101 Sea clams (Spisula, Aratiaa) 9, 169, 170, 179, 180 Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) 32, , 180 Sea otter (Erihydra lutris) 81 Sea stars (Class Asteroidea) 32, 52 Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) Shad, American (Alosa sapidissima) 18, 162 Sharks (Order Squaliformes) 48, 74, 75, 162 Sheepshead (Arahosargus probatooephalus, Semioossyphus pulaher) 75 Shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithious) 154 Shrimps (Penaeidae, Pandalidae) 6, 11, 12, 30, 41, 46, 88, 175, 178 Silver hake (Merluooius bilinearis) 144, 163 Skipjack tuna (Euthynnus pelamis, formerly Katsuuonus pelamis) 44, 135, 136, 138, 139 Smelt (Osmerus mordax) , 157 Snails (Gastropoda) 32 Snappers (Family Lutjanidae) 74, 75 Snow crab (Chionoeoetes bairdi) 126, 175 Sockeye salmon (Onoorhynahus nerka) 31, 32, 113, , 167 Soft clams (Mya arenaria) 168, 170 Spanish mackerel (Soomberomorus maaulatus) 75 Spearfishes (Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae) 136 Sperm whale (Physeter maarooephalus)

7 IBB Spinner porpoise (Stenella longirostris) , 141 Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) 75 Spotted porpoise (Stenella attenuata) , 141 Spotted sea trout (Cynosoion nebulosus) 48, 74, 75 Squids (Illex illecebrosus, Loligo pealei) 94, 144, 148 Steel head trout (Salmo gairdnerii) 115 Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) 1, 15, 30, 48, 74-76, 79 Sturgeon (Huso huso) 101 Suckers (Catostomus spp.) 154 Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) 9, 48, 74, 75, 163 Surf clams (Spisula solidissima) 169, 179, 180 Surfperches (Family Embiotocidae) 48 T Tanner crab (Chionoeoetes bairdi) 179 Tautog (Tautoga onitis) 75 Tilefish (Lopholatilus ohamaeleontioeps) 164 Tunas (Family Scombridae) 48, 75, 100, 162, 175, 179 Turbot (Pleuronichthys vertioalis) 88, 90, 157 U Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) 153, 154, 156 Walleye pollock (Theragra chaloogramma) 85 Weakfish (Cynosoion regalis) 48, 75 Whale lice (Amphipod crustacea) 95 White bass (Morone ohrysops) 153 White perch (Morone americana) 75, 152 Whiting (Merluooius bilinearis) 144 Winter flounder (Peeudopleuroneotes americanus) 48, 74, 75 Y Yellow perch (Peroa flavesoens) 153, 154, 156 Yellowfin menhaden (Brevoortia smithi) 68 Yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) 44

8 189 Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albaaares) 28, 29, 33, 44, , 141, 142, 172, 179 Yellowtail, California (Seriola lalandei) 48 Yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) 9, 42, 43, 164, 165, 179