The Adaptability of Introduced Plants in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden

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1 2006, 28 (6) : Acta Botanica Yunnanica Ξ 1,2, 1ΞΞ, 1, 1, 1, 1 (1, ; 2, ) :,,,, : 1), : > Π > > ; 2),,, ; 3) ; 4), : ; ; ; : Q : A : (2006) The Adaptability of Introduced Plants in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden SONG Fu2Qiang 1,2, ZHANG Yi2Ping 1 33, YANG Qing 1, XU Zai2Fu 1, XIAO Lai2Yun 1, HU Jian2Xiang 1 (1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming , China 2 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China) Abstract : This study discusses the adaptability of introduced plant species to their target environment at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) by comparing the growth situation, especially fruit ripening of introduced plants and indigenous plants. Over 10, 000 plant species from tropical and subtropical regions have been planted at XTBG, and many of these plants growth situations have been continuously observed. In this paper, 569 accessions which have been observed for more than four years are involved. The results show that : 1) the introduced plants primarily adapt to the environment at XTBG. However, the plants from different climate regions show different adaptability. The adaptability order is : tropical Asia > northern edge of tropical Asia and subtropical area, tropical Africa > tropical Australia > tropical Ameri2 ca. 2) Different families and genera of introduced plants show different adaptability to the target environment too. Some intro2 duced plants belonging to the families of Sapinaceae, Papilionaceae, Meliaceae and Bignoniaceae etc. adapt well to the target environment at XTBG, while some plants of Euphorbiaceae do not adapt well to the target environment. Some introduced plants of Bignoniaceae, Myrtaceae and Mimosaceae exhibit more frequent fruit ripening than the indigenous plants. Analyses show that the climate and flora of the origins of introduced plants are the major factors influencing the adaptability of the introduced plants to the target environment at XTBG. Further study needs to be done to assess the invasion of these plants. Key words : Adaptation ; Fruit ripening ; Introduced plants ; Xishuangbanna Ξ : (2004C0053M) ( 973 ) (2003CB415101) ΞΞ : Author for correspondence. E - mail : Tel : : , : (1978- ),,, : E - mail : Tel :

2 ,, (, 1994),,, (, 1987 ;, 2002 ; Li, 2002 ; Etisham2ul2haq, 2001 ; Olukoye, 2003),,, (, 1982 ;, 1998) (2001),, 3 5 d (1997),,,, (, 2005 ; Perrings, 2002),, 20 60,, (, 1996 ;, 1996 ;, 1996 ;, 2004) , : 1)? 2)? (21 41 N, E),, 570 m, 3, 3 4, 5 10, 11 2 (, 1966), 2118, 2513, 1516, mm, 83 % 87 % 112,,, (indigenous plant, ), ( 1) ,, ( ) ( ) (R) : R = n N 100 % (1) : R ; n ; N 11312,, (0, 0 50 %, 50 % 100 %, 100 %) (Ra), : Ra = m M 100 % (2) : Ra ; m ; M, (1997),

3 6 : Table 1 Families of introduced plants Family name Number Family name Number Family name Number Family name Number of acce2 of acce2 of acce2 of acce2 ssions ssions ssions ssions Acanthaceae 1 Daphniphyllaceae 1 Melianthaceae 1 Rosaceae 3 Agavaceae 5 Dilleniaceae 2 Menispermaceae 1 Rubiaceae 19 Alangiaceae 1 Dipterocarpaceae 22 Mimosaceae 52 Rutaceae 6 Anacardiaceae 7 Ebenaceae 5 Moraceae 15 Santalaceae 1 Annonaceae 11 Elaeocarpaceae 5 Myoporaceae 1 Samydaceae 3 Apocynaceae 25 Euphorbiaceae 34 Myristicaceae 4 Sapindacea 14 Aquifoliaceae 2 Flacourtiaceae 8 Myrsinaceae 2 Sapotaceae 12 Araliaceae 2 Guttifera 12 Myrtaceae 23 Simarubaceae 2 Araucariaceae 1 Hamamelidaceae 3 Nyssaceae 1 Solanaceae 3 Bignoniaceae 27 Hippocastanaceae 1 Oleaceae 2 Sonneratiaceae 1 Bombacaceae 3 Hyppocrateaceae 1 Oxalidaceae 1 Sterculiaceae 11 Boraginaceae 4 Labiatae 1 Palmae 3 Strelitziaceae 1 Burseraceae 5 Lauraceae 18 Papilionaceae 37 Styracaceae 3 Cactaceae 1 Loganiaceae 5 Pinaceae 9 Symplocaceae 1 Caesalpiniaceae 56 Loranthaceae 4 Piperaceae 2 Ulmaceae 1 Capparidaceae 2 Lythraceae 10 Pittosporaceae 2 Taxociaceae 2 Caricaceae 1 Magnoliaceae 12 Podocarpaceae 2 Thymelaeaceae 2 Celastraceae 2 Malpighiaceae 2 Polygonaceae 1 Theaceae 8 Cornaceae 3 Malvaceae 4 Proteaceae 3 Tiliaceae 4 Combretaceae 15 Marantaceae 1 Rhamnaceae 8 Verbenaceae 9 Cupressaceae 7 Meliaceae 19 Rhizophoraceae 1 Zingiberaceae 1 2 Table 2 Different climate regions and their countries No. Climate region Countries and regions Number of accessions 1 ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 88 4 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 68 5 ; ; 48 6 : ( ) 60, S ( 1 : A), R = 0, 50 % R < 100 %, (R = 0, 0 < R < 50 % 50 % R < 100 %),, 1107, , (R = 100 %), 71 %, ( 1 : B),, 5, 2147 % 212, 3 ( 2), ;,,, ;, (R = 0, 0 < R < 50 % 50 % R < 100 %)

4 A. ; B. Fig. 1 The comparison of growth between the introduced plant and the protophytes. A. reproductive growth ; B. vegetative growth ( introduced plants ; indigenous plants. 1 : R = 0 ; 2 : 0 < R < 50 % ; % R < 100 % ; 4. R = 100 %) 2 Fig. 2 The dendrogam of climate regions based on the year ratio of fruit ripening Tas : tropical Asia ; Nts : the northern edge of tropical Asia and sub tropical regions ; In2p : indigenous plant ; Taf : tropical Africa ; Tau : tropical Australia ; Tam : tropical America,, ( 3 : A), ( 3 : B),,,, ,,,, 3 A. ; B. Fig. 3 The comparison of fruit ripening for plants from different climate tegions. A. The comparion among three clusters. cluster ; cluster ; cluster ; 1 : R = 0 ; 2 : 0 < R < 50 % ; 3 : 50 % R < 100 % ; 4 : R = 100 % ; B. The comparison of phenology among different source regions in cluster. Nts : northern edge of tropical Asia and sub tropical regions ; Tau : tropical Australia ; Taf : tropical Africa

5 6 : ( In2p : indigenous plants) Fig. 4 The dendrogram of families and indigenous plants based on the year ratio of fruit ripening, A,,,,,, B, 50 % R < 100 %

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