SEM. Crouch Ritchie CONTEMPORARY ECONOMY & MANAGEMENT. Apr.2011 Vol.33 No.4 DOI CNKI: /F SEM F

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1 CONTEMPORARY ECONOMY & MANAGEMENT Apr.20 Vol.33 No.4 DOI CNKI:3-356/F SEM 笪 SEM F590. A [] Crouch Ritchie [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Ritchie Crouch Calgary [5] Crouch Ritchie [4] :4:00 AM

2 SEM [2] 2005 Enright Newton [3] / Crouch Ritchie [4] / Dwyer Kim Crouch Ritchie / Gooroochurn Sugiyarto 23 8 [5] / / Mazanec Gooroochurn Sugiyarto [6] Crouch Ritchie Dwyer Kim [9] Keyser Vanhove [7] : [0] Hassan [] Enright [8] Newton [9] [2][3] Dwyer, Forsyth Rao 64

3 SEM [20][2] Dwyer Kim [9] [4] [8] 4 Mihalic Enright Newton [2][3] 3 Ritchie Crouch [7] 4 [22] Huybers Bennett Dwyer Kim [9] [4] 5 Ritchie Crouch [7] Dwyer Kim [9] 7 [8] [9] [27] [23] Uysal [24] [25][26] ~ % 3. S n = 200 S2 n = 325 S EFA S2 6 CFA S S2 2 CFA S 5 EFA [28] KMO EFA EFA CFA SPSS- AMOS P=

4 SEM n=525 8 ~24 25 ~34 35 ~44 44 ~54 55 ~ ~ ~ (%) CFA 6 EFA % 2 6 Cronbach's Alpha [27] EFA S2 CFA CFA χ 2 /df P>0.05 GFI AGFI CFI 23 NNFI RMSEA χ 2 /df 2.0~ RMSEA 0.08 GFI AGFI CFI NNFI χ 2 /df =2.26 P<0.000 GFI=0.96 AGFI=0.920 NNFI=0.932 CFI=0.965 RMSEA=0.057) P<

5 SEM Q Q3 Q4 Q6 Q7 Q5 Q8 Q9 Q0 Q: Q2: Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q8 Q20 Q7 Q2 Q Q27 Q28 Q29 % Cronbach's Alpha EFA χ CR AVE CFA CR AVE [29] CR AVE 6 χ 2 /df = t 2.65 P<0.000 GFI=0.94 AGFI=0.899 NNFI= CFI=0.95 RMSEA=0.075 t % AVE AVE [30]

6 SEM Q9: Q0: Q: 0.79 Q2: Q3: 0.58 : Q7: 0.55 Q8: Q20: Q2: Q23: 0.60 : Q Q3 0.8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q * % * 0.322* 0.553* 0.429* 0.388* * % 3 t.762* 2.490* 2.93* 9.777* 8.382* 7.582* 6.852* 3.97*.53* 8.762* 6.966*.472* 0.454* 6.69* 4.74* 4.943* 6.92* 5.772*.32* 5.522* 7.646* 5.67* SEM. CR AVE * 0.329* 0.52* 0.466* 0.42* 0.350* 0.322* 0.323* 0.388* 0.32* 68

7 SEM * %

8 SEM 4. SEM 5. ] []. [J]. [7]Ritchie J. R. B. and Crouch G. The Competitive Destination A [2] Crouch G. I. and J. R. Brent- Ritchie. Destination Competitive Exploring Foundations for a Long- Term Research Programme. Proceedings of the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada 994 Annual Conference[Z]. Halifax Nova Scotia [3] Crouch G. I. and J. R. Brent- Ritchie. Destination Competitiveness and the Role of the Tourism Enterprise. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Business Congress [M]. Istanbul Turkey 995 July [4] Crouch G. I. and J. R. Brent- Ritchie. Tourism Competitiveness and Societal Prosperity [J]. Journal of Business Research [5] Ritchie J. R. B. and Crouch G. Competitiveness in International Tourism A Framework for Understanding and Analysis. Proceedings of the 43rd Congress of Association Internationale d'experts Scientifique de Tourisme [M]. San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina 993 October [6] Ritchie J. R. B. and Crouch G. The Competitive Destination A Sustainability Perspective [J]. Tourism Management Sustainable Tourism Perspective [M]. Wallingford UK CABI Publishing [8]Ritchie J. R. B. G. I. Crouch and S. Hudson. Developing Operational Measures for the Components of a Destination Competitiveness/Sustainability Model Consumer versus Managerial Perspectives [A]. In Consumer Psychology of Tourism Hospitality and Leisure [C]. A. G. Woodside. Wallingford UK CABI Publishing pp [9] Dwyer L. and C. Kim Destination Competitiveness Determinants and Indicators [J]. Current Issues in Tourism [0] De Keyser R. & Vanhove N. The competitive situation of tourism in the Caribbean area- Methodological approach[j]. Revue de Tourisme [] Hassan S. S. Determinants of Market Competitiveness in an Environmentally Sustainable Tourism Industry [J]. Journal of Travel Research [2] Enright M. J. and J. Newton Tourism Destination Competitiveness A Quantitative Approach [J]. Tourism Management [3] Determinants of Tourism Destination Competitiveness in Asia Pacific Comprehensiveness and Universality J. Journal of Travel 70

9 SEM Research factor of tourism competitiveness [J]. Tourism Management 2000 [4]. [J] [5] Gooroochurn N. and G. Sugiyarto.Competitiveness Indicators in the Travel and Tourism Industry [J]. Tourism Economics [6] Josef A. Mazanec Karl W?ber and Andreas H. Zins. Tourism Destination Competitiveness From Definition to Explanation?[J]. Journal of Travel Research [7] [8]. [J] [J]. [J] [9] [J] [20] Dwyer L. P. Forsyth and P. Rao. The Price Competitiveness of Travel and Tourism A Comparison of 9 Destinations [J]. Tourism Management [2] Dwyer L. P. Forsyth and P. Rao. Destination Price Competitiveness Exchange Rate Changes versus Domestic Inflation [J]. Journal of Travel Research [22] Tanja Mihalic. Environmental management of a tourist destination- A [23] Twan Huybers Jeff Bennett. Environmental Management and the Competitiveness of Nature Based Tourism Destinations [M]. Edwar Edgar Publishing [24] Muzaler Uysal Joseph S Chen Daniel R Williams. Increasing state market share through regional positioning [J]. Tourism Management [25]. [J]. [26]. [27]. [J]. [28] Hair J. F. Jr. R. E. Anderson R. L. Tatham W. C. Black. Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings[M]. NewYork Macmillan 992. [29] Pe dhazur E. J. and L. P. Schmelkin. Measurement Design and Analysis IntegratedApproach [M]. HillsdaleNJ Erlbaum 99. [30] Hatcher L.. A Step- by- Step Approach to Using the SAS System for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Mode ling [M]. Cary NC SAS Institute 994. On Factors of Tourism Destination Competitiveness Based on SEM A Case Study of Zhangjiajie Wang Chunyang 2 Huang Fucai. College of Management Xiamen University Xiamen China 2. College of Management Wuyi University Jiangmen China Abstract Competitiveness is increasingly being seen as a critical influence on the performance of tourism destinations in competitive world mar - kets. With increasing worldwide competition evident among tourism destinations tourism destination competitiveness is becoming an established topic for researchers policy makers and practitioners. This paper attempts to probe into the determinants of tourism destination competitiveness and to assess the relative importance of the determinants using SEM. The results reveal that firstly the elements that influence tourism destination com - petitiveness are multi-dimensional including tourism resources tourism superstructure infrastructure destination management destination supporting factors and tourist service quality Secondly the determinants of tourism destination competitiveness vary in their relative importance. Key words tourism destination competitiveness determinants SEM 7