Im-e-Øn-s I-hn tum. Fw.-F-kv. ta-t\m

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1 1 Im-e-Øn-s I-hn tum. Im-e-Øn-s\m-Øv k-aq-l-sø am- n-a-dn- m I-hn-bp-sS Xq-en-I- v I-cp-Øp-s - v hn-iz-kn- I-hn-bm-Wv C-S-t»-cn tkm-hn-µ -\m-b. k-a-im-en-i km-aq-ly-{]-iv-\-ß-sf I-em-aq-ey-hpw I- em-ku-µ-cy-hpw H- pw-tnm - p-t]m-im-sx k-a -Y-am-bn I-hn-X-bn-eq-sS A-h-X-cn- n- m A-t±l-Øn-\v km-[n- n- p- v. G-Im- -ß-fpw H-cp ]q -W-\m-S-I-hpw A-t±-lw c-nn- n- p- v. B \m-s-iw "Iq- p-ir-jn' Ip-sd- m-ew \-Ωp-sS \m-s-i-t-h-zn-sb h-io-i-cn- p-i-bpw am- n-a-dn- p-i-bpw snbv-xn- p- v. Po-hn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fm-bn-cp- p C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS km-ln-xy-ir-xn-iƒ- v {]-tnm-z-\w \ - In-t m- n-cp- -Xv. A-Xp-sIm- p-x-s -bm-wv A-h P-\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn {]-Xn-jvT-t\-Sn-b-Xpw. I-hn-X t_m-[-]q -h-am-b H-cp {]-{In-b-bm-sW- v C-S-t»-cn hn-iz-kn- n-cp- p. X-s hn-izm-kw k-µ -`w In- n-b-t m-sgm-s a- p- -h-sc [-cn- n- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cp- p. H-cn- A-t±-l-sagp-Xn: "kv-t\-ln-x- m-tc, Rm I-hn-X-sb-gp-Xn-b-Xv H-c- p-x-a-. A- p-x-kn n X-cp- tz-h-txm-]mk-\-bm-ep-a- Rm I-hn-X F-gp-Xn-b-Xv. tam-l-hpw km-l-n-cy-hpw- am-{x-am-wv I-hn-X-sb-gp-Xm- \p- m-bn-cp- aq-e-[-\w. Ip- n- m-e-øv `m-k-h-x-hpw cm-am-b-w-hpw \n -_- -]q -hw hm-bn- ncp- p F-s A-Ω. F-gp-Ø- -\n -\n- v In- n-b ]m-fin-xy-hpw A-Y-hm hn- m-\-hpw F-s A-Ω-bp-sS I-WvT-Øn -\n- v a-\- p- \p-i -s -Sp-Ø Cu-W-ß-fpw tn - m-wv F-s I-h-\-Ie-bp-sS _o-pm-hm-]-ap- m-b-xv. `m-ky-h-im Rm h-f - Kr-lm- -co- w h-f- q-dp- -Xm-bncp- p.' (H-cp I-hn-b-p-sS h-f -. P-b-tI-c-fw hm-cn-i (1142 Ipw-`w 27) C-tX te-j-\-øn I-hn- p- m-bn-cn-t - hn-`-h-ß-sf- p-dn- pw C-S-t»-cn Hm -Ωn- n- p- p- v. "I-hn- p k- -ev-]w th-ww. I-hn kz-]v-\w Im-W-Ww. a-t\m-cm-py-øn- p- A-h-k-c-ß-fpw I-hn- p- m-bn-cn- -Ww. A-Xn- v hn-lm-x-am-wv G-Xv A-\y-I -a-hpw' F- v hm-zn- p- Nn-e-cp- v. A-h-tcm-Sv tbm-pn- p-sim- p-x-s C-S-t»-cn H-cp Im-cy-hpw-Iq-Sn A-h-sc Hm -Ωn- n- p- p. "]-t, F- p-h- v hm-k-\m k-º- -cm-b Ip-d- v a-t\m-cm-py- m-sc H- pw sn-tø- B-hiyw C- m-xm-ip-am-dv sn- pw sn-e-hpw sim-sp-øv C-cp-Øn-bm -t m-cm.' tem-i-hy-h-lm-c-ß-fn \n- v ssi-h-tc- hn- m-\-am-wv I-h-\-hy-h-km-b-Øn-\p-th- A- kw-kv-ir-x-]-zm - -ß-fn ap-jy-am-b H- v. G- n - - hn- m-\w t]m-cm, A-\p-`-h-k-º-Øp- Iq-Sn th-ww I-hn- v F- v C-S-t»-cn kn- m- n- p. C-Xv F-ß-s\ t\-sp-sa- v tnm-zn- p- -h - v A-t±-lw \ -Ip- a-dp-]-sn-iq-sn {i-t -b-am-wv. "F-cn-bp- h-b-dn-s Xo- v-w-am-b Nm- -hm-dp-sim- v {]-tnm-zn- -s -Sptºm-g- m-sx H-cp a- \p-jym-flm-hv I -Ωw sn-øp-tam! B hn-i- v kz- w ssi-sim- v I-hn-bpw am- -s. th-w-sa- n A-ev-]-kz-ev-]w k-lm-bw sn-bv-xp-sim-sp-tø-bv- q. km-l-n-cyw-sim- v Po-hn-X-hr-Øn-bn h- cm-hp- tim- -ßƒ \n-c-øm A-Xm-h-iy-am-Ipw. A-h-s\ H-cp `m-k-øn-cp-øn- sh-æ P-]n- psim-sp-øv A-h-s hn-i- v si-sp-øn- -f-b-cp-xv. A-h-s\ A-Po -W-tcm-Kn-bm- m-t\ B Nn-In- ]- q.' I-e I-e- p-th- n F- v kn- m- n- n-cp- -h A-tß-b- w A-h-tl-fn- n-cp- hn-i- n-s {]- tnm-z-\-sø A-h-cp-sS-X-s k-a-im-en-i-\m-b C-St»-cn \n-tj-[n- p-i-tbm ]p- n- p-i-tbm snbv-xn-cp- n-. k-aq-l-\n-t-j-[n-bp-am-bn-cp- n- B I-hn. Xm-\pƒ-s]-sS-bp- k-aq-l-øn-s hn- Im-c-hn-Nm-c-ß-fm-Wv X-s km-ln-xy-øn-s I-cp- -sf- pw `q-x-im-e-sø- p-dn-s -gp-xp-tºmgpw B-\p-Im-en-I-am-b kw-`-h-hn-ti-j-ßƒ X-s a-\- n-ep- m- p- {]-Xn-{]-h -Ø-\-ß-fn - \n- v ap- -\m-im X-\n- v I-gn- n-cp- n-s - pw C-S-t»-cn {]-kv-xm-hn- n-cp- p. tz-im-`n-am-\n hm-cn-i-bn ]p-tcm-k-a-\ km-ln-xy-im-c- m-cp-ss I-S-a F- H-cp te-j-\w C-S-t»-cn F-gp-Xp-I-bp- m-bn. A-Xn-em-Wv X-s Cu A-`n-{]m-bw A-t±-lw {]-Im-in- n- -Xv. X-s k- -ev-]-ßƒ-s m-øp I-hn-X-Iƒ c-nn- m-\pw C-S-t»-cn-bv- p I-gn- p. I-hn-I-tfm- Sv ""]-g-in-b Nm-ep-Iƒ am- p-i'' F- p A-t±-lw hn-fn- p-]-d- p; I-hn-X-bpw [ -a-t_m-[-hpw Xpfp- ºp- h-cn-i-fn-eq-ss. "]-g-in-b Nm-ep-Iƒ am- p-i' F- {]-kn- -am-b I-hn-X Cu I-hn-bp-sS

2 2 IhnXbp-sS sim-sn- q-d-bm-wv. P-\-X D-W-cpw-ap-ºv ]m-sn-b ]m- p-iƒ \mw D-t]- n- p-i. B ]q- -fp-ss a-w-hpw \n-d-hpw t]m-bn-cn- p- p. A-h sim-gn-bp-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. ]p-xn-b ]p-xn-b k-t -X-ß-fp-am-bn ]p-ø a-[p-hpw tx-sn sim-xn-b h- p-iƒ F-Øp-tºmƒ I-hn-Iƒ N- W-s -Sn-bm-bn \n- m -t m-cm F- v A-t±-lw k-a-im-e-i-hn-i-sf D-Zv-t_m-[n- n- p. A-h-cp-sS I-S-a-bpw D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-hpw Cu D-Zv-t_m-[-\-Øn {]-I-S-am-Wv. X-ß-fp-sS Np- p-ap- tem-ihpw A-Xn-se P-\-X-bp-sS hn-im-c-hn-nm-c-`m-h-\-i-fpw am-dn-s m- n-cn- p-tºmƒ A-h-bv- p \q- X-\-hpw I-em-kp-`-K-hpw Hm-P-kzn-bp-am-b I-hn-X-bp-sS cq-]w \ -Im I-S-s - I-hn kz-[ -ahn-ap-j-\m-bn, G-Im-In-X-bp-sS-bpw ti-h-e-am-b B-fl-c-Xn-bp-sS-bpw G-I-Xm-\-am-b Ko-X-ßƒ B-e-]n- p-sim- n-cn- p- {]-h-w-x-sb C-S-t»-cn H-cn- -epw A-\p-tam-Zn- p-i-bp- m-bn-. "{]-kv-xm-h-\' F- I-hn-X-bn-eq-sS C-S-t»-cn ip- -I-em-hm-Zn-Iƒ- p \ -Ip- \n -t±-iw {it -b-am-wv. C- q- D-Zv-tLm-jn- p- p. ""Im-hy-I-e-bp-sS e- yw ti-h-e-am-b B-\-µ-am-Wv. A-Xm-I-s k-\m-x-\-hpw `-hy-hpw k-lr- Z-b-am-{X th-zy-hp-am-b \m-z-{_- -c-k-a-t{x. a-s m-cq e- y-hpw I-hn-X- n-. {]-Nm-c-W-hpw A- \p-im-k-\-hpw \n -h-ln- p- Im-hy-I-e kz-bw \-in- -tb-d- q. `u-xn-i-po-hn-x-sø sa- -s - Sp-Øm-\pw a- pw th-sd-h- am -K-hpw tx-sp-i-bm-wv I-hn-Iƒ sn-tø- -Xv.'' C-h-cp-sS bm-ym-ÿn-xn-i-am-b \n-e-]m-sn-t\m-spw a-t\m-`m-h-tøm-spw X-\n-bv- p- {]-Xn-I-c- W-Øn-\v Im-hym-fl-I-am-b H-cp cq-]w \ -Ip-I-sb- Xm-Wv hm-kv-x-h-øn C-S-t»-cn Cu "{]- kv-xm-h-\-'bn-eq-ss \n -h-ln- -Xv. B-fl-km-[-\-bp-sS-bpw Zn-hy-am-b A- x-{]-tnm-z-\-øn-s -bpw ]-cn-th-j-a-wn- sdm-am n-kn-kw \-Ωp-sS Im-hy-th-Zn-bn H-cp-Im-e-Øp {]-Xy- -am-bn-cp- p. C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS Im-hy-Z -i-\w cq-]w-sim- -Xpw C-tX Im-e-L- -Øn -Ø-s. A- m-e-øv A- t±-l-øn-s I-hn-lr-Z-b-sØ B-I -jn- -Xv a -Øy-X-bp-sS A-]q -W-hpw hn-hn-[-hp-am-b kp- µ-c-`m-h-ß-fm-wv. a -Øy kp-µ-c-\m-wv; Im-c-W- ap-bn -s m- pw hn-im-c-ßƒ X \rxy-øn- p ap-xn - p-hm - kz-b-a-wn- n-t m-c-c-ßm-w-h ; A-Xy- w I-a-\o-b-ta, a-ln-x-am- -bm-epw a-dn- m-in-epw X-Zv-`m-h-ß-f-]q -W-am-W-f-hp-tIm- se- p- Im-ew-h-sc. F- ]-Zyw B k-xy-øn-s hn-fw_-c-a-s{x. a-\p-jy-\pw A-h Im-ep-d- n- p-\n - p- a-æn- \pw hn-æn-\p- -{X-X-s ku-µ-cy-hpw a-l-xz-hp-ap-s - v C-S-t»-cn hn-iz-kn- p. "A-tlm, D-Z- {K-c-Wo-bm ]r-yn-ho' F- Im-fn-Zm-k-s Z -i-\w C-S-t»-cn-bv- pw am -K-Zo-]-am-bn-cp- p. `q-anbp-ss D- m-bn a-\p-jy-s\ I- -h-cm-wv C-h C-cp-h-cpw. A-`n-Pm-X I-hn-I-fn - -e-cpw Im-hy-]-cn-[n-bn -\n- v H-gn- p-\n -Øn-bn-cp ]-cn-h -Ø-\ kq- N-I-ß-fm-b ]-e kw-`-h-ß-tf-bpw Im-hy hn-j-b-am- m- C-S-t»-cn-sb t{]-cn- n- n- p-s - v ap- -t»-cn H-cn- Nq- n- m-wn- -Xpw kv-a-c-wo-b-am-wv. km-ln-xy-im-c-\v tem-i-tøm-spw Pohn-X-tØm-Sp-ap- a-t\m-`m-h-øn-s {]-Xn-I-c-W-am-Wv A-bm-fp-sS I-em-kr- n-sb- v t_m-[ys -Sp-Øn-b I-hn-I-fn H-cm-fm-W-t m Cu I-hn. Cu k- -ev-]-sø hn-fw-_-cw sn-øp- C-S-t»- cn-bp-ss Ir-Xn-I-fn {]-ap-j-am-wv "Iq- p-ir-jn' t{]- -I-sc- mw A-`n-\-µn- Cu \m-s-iw C-S-t»- cn-bp-ss B-Zy-Im-e-sØ Po-hn-X-Z -i-\-øn-s I-Æm-Sn-bm-Wv. C-sX-gp-Xp-tºmƒ \m-k-cn-i-cm-b k-z-ky-tc- m-tf-sd Np- p-]m-sp-ap- {Km-ao-W-cp-sS k-z- m-bn-cp- p X-s `m-h-\-bn-se- pw A- h-cp-ss Po-hn-X-Øn-se kw-`-h-ß-fn - n-e-xm-wv A-Xn-se C-Xn-hr-Ø-sa- pw \m-s-i-ir-øp-xs tc-j-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. sxm-gn-em-fn-i-fpw I -j-i-cp-am-wv k-aq-l-øn-se Ip-g- -ßƒ-s - mw Im-c-W-sa- v P-ev-]n- p- X-d-hm-Sn-Iƒ- v C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS-bpw sn-dp-im-sn-s -bpw C-Xp-t]mep- Ir-Xn-I-fp-sS s]m-cp-fpw ku-µ-cy-hpw a-\- n-em-hn-. a-\- n-em-hm-ø-xp-s-im- p-x-s bm-wv A-h A-h-sb A-h-tl-fn- p- -Xpw. "]p-ø -I-e-hpw A-cn-hm-fpw', "]-Wn-ap-S- w', "Idp-Ø-sN- n- n-iƒ', "N-In-cn- p-gn-iƒ', "Ip-Sn-bn-d- ', "s\- p-ip-øp-im-cn ]m-dp-hn-s I-Y' Xp- S-ßn-b C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS H-t -sd I-hn-X-Iƒ k-ap-l-hpw hy- n-i-fp-a-\p-`-h-n- p- bm-x-\-i-fp-ss k-xy-k- -am-b B-hn-jv-Im-c-ß-fm-Wv. H-cp \m-sn-s Zpx-Jw A-h-bn {]-Xn-^-en- p- p. Cu Zpx-Jw ti-h-e-hpw hy- n-k-xhpw A-\y-Xm-t_m-[-P-\y-hpw \n -hn-j-b-i-hpw \n-c -Y-I-hp-am-b

3 3 Zpx-J-a-. "\-c-\m-bn-ß-s\ P-\n- p `q-an-bn ' F- p- ]m-sn-b-h-s tcm-km-{im- -am-b, ss\-cmiy-p-\y-am-b hn-jm-z-hp-a-. t\-sc-a-dn v k-aq-l-øn-s h-f - -tbm-spw X-f - -tbm-sp-sam- w kv-]-µn- m, kw-h-zn- m, I-gn-bp-, a-\- m- n-bpw lr-z-b-hpw hn-im-c-ß-fp-ap-, H-cp a- \p-jy-kv-t\-ln-bp-ss Zpx-J-am-W-Xv. Cu Zpx-J-Øn \-Ω-fpw ]- p-sim- p- p. C-Xv D-d-ßn- n-s- p- -h-s\ D-W -Øp- p. Cu hn-jm-z-ko-x-ßƒ- v A-h-ew_-am-bn H-cp {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-ap- v. X-Øz-Nn- -bp-ap- v. a -Øy- Po-hn-X-Øn-s ]p-tcm-k-xn-bn-ep- A-Z-ay-am-b A-`n-em-j-am-Wv B X-Øz-Nn-. C-S-t»-cn H-cp {]-txy-i cm-{ o-b-i- n-bn-epw Aw-K-am-b- n-cp- n-. ]p-tcm-k-a-\ km-ln-xy-kw-l-s-\-bn-epw tn - n-cp- n-. F- n-epw A-h-bn-se- mw k-po-hmw-k-ß-fm-bn-cp- a-t -Xv I-hn-tb- m-fp-ta-sd ]ptcm-k-a-\ km-ln-xy-{]-ÿm-\-sø h-f -Øn-sb-Sp- m A-t±-l-Øn-s I-hn-X-Iƒ- v km-[n- p. Po-hn-X-Øn-s A- n-a-z-i-bn H-cp Ip-º-km-c-hpw \-S-tØ- n-h- n- A-t±-l-Øn-\v. Nmcn-Xm -Yy-tØm-sS, ]u-cp-j-tøm-ss, X-s tem-i-øn -\n- v hn-s hm-ßm-\pw I-gn- p. C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS k- -ev-]-øn a -Øy-Po-hn-X-w kp-µ-c-hpw hn-ir-x-hp-am-wv. B \n-e-bv- v Pohn-X-Øn-s D-Zv-Km-Xm-hpw {]-hm-n-i-\pw hym-jym-x-hp-sa- m-am-ti- -h-\m-b I-hn- v ku-µ-cytøm-ssm- w ssh-cq-]y-hpw `m-h-\- v hn-j-b-am-wv. k-aq-l Po-hn-X-sØ-bpw Ip-Spw-_ Po-hn- X-sØ-bpw Im - p Xn- p-, A - q-z-tø-bpw F-bv-Uv-kn-t\-bpw t]m-se-x-s `o-i-c-hpw am-c-i-hp-am-b h -Ko-b Nn- -tb-bpw A- -hn-izm-k-ß-tf-bpw a-x-]-c-am-b Im-]-Sy-t-Ø-bpw an- Yym-`n-am-\-sØ-bpw D- p-d- p-øn-b X-d-hm-Sn-Ø-sØ-bp-sa- mw Xp-d- p-im-wn- p- "a-i-s hm-in', "A-tß ho- n-te-bv- v', "C- m-an-se h -a-e', "X-Øz-im-kv-{X-ß-fp-d-ßp-tºmƒ', "]- n- q- ', "I-eym-W- p-s-h', "s]-ßƒ', "hn-hm-l-k-ωm-\w', "_p- -\pw Rm-\pw \-cn-bpw' Xp-Sßn-b lr-z-tbm- m-yn-i-fm-b H-t -sd I-hn-X-I-ƒ C-S-t»-cn-sb- I-hn-bp-sS Po-hn-X-Z -i-\-øns Z - -W-ß-fm-bn- p- v. "]q-x- m- pw' "Im-hn-se- m- pw' a- pw A-\y-Ym A-kz-ÿ-am-b k-aql-tn-x-\-bp-ss tx-ß-ep-iƒ X-s -bm-wv. Cu I-hn-X-I-fn-se- mw `m-j-bp-ss i- n-bpw ssn- X-\y-hpw ]q -W-cq-]-Øn {]-Xy- -s -Sp- p- v. I-hn-bp-sS a-\- n-s i- n-x-s -bm-wv I- hn-x-bp-ss-bpw i- n. a-\- p Zp -_-e-hpw hn-ir-x-hp-am-sw- n A-Xn-s kr- n-bm-b I-hn- X-bpw Zp -_-e-hpw hn-ir-x-hp-am-ipw. C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS a-\- pw ho- -W-hpw F- pw tx-p-kznbm-bn-cp- p. B tx-p- v A-t±-l-Øn-s I-hn-X-I-fn-epw \n-d- p-\n-ev- p- p. B-\p-Im-en-I Po-hn-X-sØ {]-Xn-^-en- n- p-i F- -Xn - -hn- v Po-hn-Xw F-ß-s\-bm-bn- Øo-c-W-sa- hn-`m-h-\-iq-sn D-Ø-a-I-hn-X-bn {]-Xo- n- -s -Sp- p- v F- pw C-S-t»-cn Hm - Ωn- n- -bp- m-bn. ap-kv- -am-b t{]-aw, \n-kzm - -am-b `- n, cq-v-aq-e-am-b ku-lr-zw, G- n- Øp-fp-ºp- hm- -eyw, ap-dn-hp-i-fn tx -]p-c- p- Z-bm-`m-hw C-sX- mw a-\p-jy-a-\- n \n- p am-bm-øn-s-tøm-fw Im-ew I-hn-X-bv- p hn-j-bw-tx-sn A-e- p- Xn-cn-tb- K-Xn-tI-Sv I-hn-bv- p- m-hn-s - v C-S-t»-cn sx-fn-bn- p. `m-h-\-bpw `m-j-bpw D-t±-iy-ip- n-bpw B-Z -i- Zo-]v-Xn-bp-sa- mw H-Øp-tN-cp-tºmƒ, B kw-k-a-øn -\n- v \n -K-fn- p- I-hn-X lr-z-b-kv- ] -in-bm-im-xn-cn- n- F- pw. C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS Po-hn-X-ho- -W-Øn-s ap-{z-iƒ sx-fn- p-im-wp- D-Ø-a I-hn-X-Ifn-sem- m-wv "A-ºm-Sn-bn-te-bv- p ho- pw'. _-e-cm-a-s -I-ev-]-\b-\p-k-cn- v Ir-jv-W-t\m-sSm- w A- ºm-Sn-bn-te-bv- p tx-cp sx-fn- p-t]m-ip- Zm-cp-I-\m-bn am-dp- p I-hn. Zm-cp-I-t\m - p- p. a-sp- -\-t{x sim- m-cw A-b-Xv-\ kp-e-` kp-jm-km-cw C-S-bv- p I-Æo-cp- p ]p-c- m- sx- n-\p Po-hn-X ]-e-lm-cw! hn-tcm-[n-am-tc, \n-ßƒ- m- bm-iw-kn- q Rm-\n-h-sb: hn-i-s m-cn- -ep ta-ev-]n- m-søm-cp hn-ti-j `- -W hn-`-h-ßƒ: hn-tbm-ksa-s - -dn-bm-\-cp-xm- Ø-hn-Lv-\ kn- {]-W-b-ßƒ; H-cn- p \n-w-hpw ho-gm-x-g-tim- ssm-gn- p In- pw hn-p-b-ß-ƒ

4 4... F-\n- p c-k-ao \n-av-t\m- -X-amw h-gn-bv- p tx-cp-cp-tfm-sn- ; C-tX-Xn-cpƒ- p-gn ta-ep-cp-f-t, hn-sn- Rm-\o c-iv-an-i-sf. F-\n-bv- p c-k-a-xym-k-t m-z-b- hn-im-c hn-π-h Zr-iy-ßƒ A-Km-[-lr-Z-b {l-z-a-y-t\m- n-x- ku-µ-cy-{]-xn-`m-k-ßƒ. a-\- v hn-im-c-\n -`-c-hpw A- -Ωp-J-hp-am-bm- am-{xw t]m-cm. A-Xn C- m-i- n Iq-Sn-bp- m-i-ww. F- n-te A-Xn -\n- p I-hn-X D-bn -s m- q F- v X-s ]-Wn- p-c-sb- p-dn- p- H-cp te-j-\-øn C-S-t»-cn ]-c-am -in- p- p- v. H-cp I-hn Po-hn- p- p F- -Xn- - w A-bmƒ kz- -am-bn {]-]- -ßƒ kr- n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p-sh- m-wv. C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS Cu Z -i-\w ]uc-kv-xy km-ln-xy-z -i-\-øn-t -Xp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. I-hn X-s C- -bv-s m-øv Cu {]-]- -sø am- n-øo - p- p-sh- pw Im-hy-kw-km-c-Øn-se Cu {]-Pm-]-Xn-sb B - pw A-h-K-Wn- m-t\m \n-tj-[n- m-t\m B-hn-s - pw B Z -i-\w h-f-sc ap-ºp-x-s \-sω D-Zv-t_m-[n- n- n- p- v. "Imhy-cq-]w' F- H-cp te-j-\-øn (C-øn-sS {]-kn- w sn-ø-s - ""C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS {]-_- -ßƒ'' F- Ir-Xn-bn C-Xv hm-bn- mw.) I-hn-X-bp-sS kr- yp- p-j-x-tb-bpw I-hn kr- n- p- {]- ]- -Øn-s kz-cq-]-tø-bpw C-S-t»-cn hn-h-cn- p- p- v. km-ln-xy-im-c-s k -Km-fl-I-\n -am-ww hy- n-\n-jvt-am-sw- pw B \n-e-bv- v {]-Xn-`m-imen-I-fm-b km-ln-xy-im-c- m - v hy- n-kzm-x-{ yw A-\p-t]- -Wo-b-am-sW- pw A-tX A-hk-c-Øn -Ø-s - -G-Xv {]-Xn-`m-im-en-bm-b hy- n-bpw Xm Aw-K-am-b k-aq-l-øn-s kr- nbm-sw- pw km-aq-ly-po-hn-x-øn-\pw km-aq-ly hn-im-c-hn-nm-c-ß-ƒ- pw kz-bw Io-gv-s -Sp-Øns m- v km-ln-xy-c-n-\ \-S-Øp-hm I-gn-hp- -h-cm-wv G- -hpw \- km-ln-xy-im-c- m-cm-hp- sx- pw ap-sºm-cn- C-Fw-F-kv \-ºq-Xn-cn- m-sv F-gp-Xn-b-t mƒ C-S-t»-cn B te-j-\-sø A- `n-\-µn- p sim-s -gp-xn: ""C-sX-gp-Xn-b C-Fw-F- n-s\ F-\n- v A-`n-\-µn- m- txm- n. Rm Dƒ-s -Sp- H-cp k-ap- Zm-b-Øn-s hn-im-c-hn-nm-c-ß-fm-wv F-s km-ln-xy-øn-s I-cp- ƒ. Rm `q-x-im-e-sø- p-dn- v F-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw `m-h-\m-\n-jvt-am-b `m-hn-sb- p-dn- v F-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw B-\p-Im-en-I-amb kw-`-h hn-ti-j-ßƒ F-s a-\- n-ep- m- p- {]-h -Ø-\-ß-fn -\n- v ap- -\m-im F- \n- v km-[y-a-.'' (]p-tcm-k-a-\ km-ln-xy-im-c- m-cp-ss I-S-a) {]-Xn-`, k-aq-lw, km-aq-ly-a-\- m- n, k -Km-fl-I hym-]m-c-øn-s hy- n-\n-jvt-x F- o hnj-b-ß-sf kq- v-a-am-bn hn-i-i-e-\w sn-øm-sx hn-i-e-ho- -W-tØm-sS A-h-sb- - n A-`n-{]mbw {]-I-Sn- n- p-, a-dp-i- w Nm-Sp- kz-`m-hw ]p-tcm-k-a-\ km-ln-xy-{]-ÿm-\-øn-s h- m- -sf- v kz-b-a-`n-am-\n- p- Nn-e-cn C- pw Im-Wp- p- v. C-Fw-F- n-s\-bpw C-S-t»-cn-sbbpw ssh-tem- n- n-sb-bpw Fw.-F-kv. tz-h-zm-kn-s\-bpw-t]m-ep- ]-Iz-a-Xn-I-fp-sS {]-kv-xm-hßƒ-t]m-epw {i- n- p-]-tn- m-ø-h-cm-w-h. I-hn-X I-hn-X-bm-Ip- -Xv F-t m-gm-sw- pw F- psim- m-sw- pw hn-i-z-am- p- k-µ -`-ßƒ C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS te-j-\-ß-fn-ep- v. I-hn-Xm \n - am-w-øn-\v ]p-d-s -Sp-tºmƒ A-Xv ]-g- -t\m B-[p-\n-I-tam A-Xy- m-[p-\n-i-tam B-I-W-sa- - X- {]-iv-\w. A-Xn I-hn-X th-ww F- p- -Xm-Wv. A-Xp-s - n ]n-s F- p-am-imw F- Cu I-hn-bp-sS Im-gv-N- m-sv bp-h-i-hn-iƒ a-\- n-em- p- -Xv \- v. A-h-sc C-S-t»-cn H-cp h-kv-xp- X-Iq-Sn Hm -Ωn- n- p- p. "P-\-ß-fp-sS k- o -W-am-b hn-im-c-ß-sf A-tX i- n-tbm-ss h -Wn- m `m-j- v i- nbn- F- v hn-e-]n- p- ]p-ø Iq- p-im A-Ø-cw k-µ -`-ß-sf ]q -h-kq-cn-iƒ F-{]-Imcw t\-cn- p F- v a-\- n-em- p- -Xv \- m-bn-cn- pw.' (]p-tcm-k-a-\ km-ln-xy-im-c- m-cp-ss I-S-a) I-hn-X-sb- - n X-\n-bv- p- k- -ev-]-ßƒ h-f-sc hn-i-z-am-bn-ø-s C-S-t»-cn hn-h-cn- n- p- v. I-hn-X-sb- - n F-s k- -ev-]-ßƒ' F- A-t±-l-Øn-s {]-_- w {i-t -b-am-b H-cp B-flmhn-jv-Im-c-am-Wv. "F-s Im-gv-N- m-sv', "F-s I-hn-X', "I-hn-X F-s Po-hn-X-Øn ', "H-cp I-hn-Xbp-sS h-f - ', "F-s ]-Wn- p-c', "Xp-Sn-sIm- pw Nn-e-sºm-en-bpw', "Z -ln {]-`m-j-ww', "Im-hy-

5 5 cq-]w' Xp-S-ßn-b A-t±-l-Øn-s {]-_- -ßƒ "B-flm-hn-s A-ar-X-am-b I-e'bp-sS I-hn- X-bp-sS \n-kq-v-ß-fm-b D- -d-i-fn-te- v {]-Im-iw {]-k-cn- n- p- -h-bm-wv. I-hn-tb-bpw I- hn-x-tb-bpw I-hn-lr-Z-b-tØ-bpw hn-izm-ky-x-tbm-ss ]Tn- m k-lm-b-i-hp-am-wv. "hm-gv-hv F- im-]'sø sh-dp- p-i-bpw s]- p-ho-w-xn-t\m-sp ]-I-cw ho- p-i-bpw kz-po-hn-x Zpx-J-kv-a-c-Wsb ap-gp-h N-c- p-nm-en- ]p-fn- - n ap- n A-en-bn- p-i-bpw'' sn-øp- [n-j-wm-im-en-iƒ Po-hn-Xw Im-Wp-I-bpw A-\p-`-hn- p-i-bpw I-hn-X-I-fn-eq-sS A-\p-`-h-ßƒ- v cq-]w \ -Ip-I-bpwsN-bv-X k-xy-k- -\m-b Cu I-hn-sb ssh-in-bn- m-sw- n-epw I-s -Øp-I-bm-sW- n A-Xv A-h - pw k-aq-l-øn-\pw B-tcm-KyZm-b-I-am-bn-cn- pw. (tz-im-`n-am-\n hm-cn-i 1988 Un-kw- 18)