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á`«ÿé dg á`ë üdg á`ª æeh áygqõdgh ájòzc G ᪠æe ÚH Î ûÿg á«fgò dg äéø UGƒŸG èeéfôh»fgò dg Qƒà SódG áä«g ägagôle G π«do IöûY á SÉàdG á Ñ dg á«ÿé dg áë üdg ᪠æe IóëàŸG CÓd áygqõdgh ájòzc G ᪠æe 2010,É`ehQ
الأو صاف امل ستخدمة يف هذه املواد إالعالمية وطريقة عر ضها ال تعرب عن أي ر أي خا ص ملنظمة الأغذية والزراعة لالأمم املتحدة أو ملنظمة ال صحة العاملية يف ما يتعلق بالو ضع القانوين أو التنموي الأي بلد أو إقليم أو مدينة أو منطقة أو يف ما يتعلق ب سلطاتها أو بتعيني حدودها وتخومها. ISBN 978-92-5-606493-6 جميع حقوق الطبع حمفوظة. و إن منظمة الأغذية والزراعة ت شج ع ن سخ ون رش املواد الإعالمية الواردة يف هذا املطبوع. ويجوز عند الطلب ا ستخدامه جمانا لغري أالغرا ض التجارية. وقد يتوج ب دفع ر سوم مالية لقاء ن سخه بغر ض إعادة بيعه أو أالغرا ض جتارية أخرى مبا يف ذلك لالأغرا ض التعليمية. وتقدم طلبات احل صول على إذن بن سخ أو ن رش منتجات املنظمة املحمي ة مبوجب حقوق الطبع وغريها من ا ستف سارات عن احلقوق والرتاخي ص بالكتابة على عنوان الربيد الإلكرتوين: أو copyright@fao.org إىل: Chief Publishing Policy and Support Branch Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy FAO / WHO 2010
א א... 1 א א א א א 3... א א א א א 4... א א א א א א 7... א א א א 21... 22...א א אא א א : א א א א א 27... 28...אא אא אא א 40... א א א 42... א א א א א א א א 44... 50... א א א א א א א א א א 55... אא א א אאאא א 55... א אאא אאא א א א / א א א 64... 65...א א א א א 81... א אא אא א א iii
א א א א א :א א א א אאא אא א א א 84... א א א א א א...87 א א א א א א א א 88... א א אא א א א א א 94... 97... א א א אא א א א א... 101 א א א א... 105 א א א א... 109 110... א א אאא 117... א אא א א אא 120...א אאא א א אא 127... אאאא אא אאא א א א 132... א אא 141... אא א אאאא א א א 143... iv
א v אאאא א :א א א א... 148 א א א א אא א אא א... אא 156 אא...אאא אא א 161 אאא אא א א א... 171... 172...אאא 176 אא... 179...( א) אא 198 (א) אא... 205 ( א) אא... 210 ( א)א א א א... 213 ( א)א א א א... 214 א אא א א א א... 218 ( ) 1 11 א אא... 225...א א א א 227 א א א... 231...א א אא 232 אאא א... 235
237 א א א א א א... א א א א א א 238...אא אאא א א א א א א א א 241 א :א א א א 249... א א אא 250...א א א אא א א 252... א אאא א א א א א א א א 253... vi
א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א.א א.אאאא א א א : א א : א א א א א א א א א אאא אא. אא א א אא א א : א א א א א א א א א אא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א.אא אאא א א א א : א א א : א א א א א א. א א א :א : א אא אאא א א א אא א א אא א אא א. אא א א א א :א א א א א א א א א. א א א. א א : א א א ) א.א א א(א 1
א א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א :א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא א א א א א אא א אא א א א.2009 א א א א א א א א א א אא א א אאא אא א אא אא FAO. 00153, Rome, ITALY http://www.codexalimentarius.net 2
א א א א א א א א אא) א א א א א 1961א א א א א.(20061966 1963 א א א א א א (א א א.1963 2003 1999 1970 1969 1968 1966 1965 1964א.(200720062005 א א א א 1966א 1965א).(2007199519931969 א 3
א א : א א א א א א א א א 1 5 אא א א א א א א א א א א אאא אאא : א א ( ) א אא אאא ( ) א א א א א א א אא א א א ( ) א א א ( )א אא אאא ( ) אא א א א א א א א א א ( ) א א.אא א א א אא () א 2 א אא א א א א א. א אא א אא א א א א א א א א א א.א א 3 אא א א א א א א א 4
א א : א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אא א א א 4 א א אא אאא א א א א אא א א א א א א א א. א 5 א א א א אא א.א אא א א א א א א א א. א 6 אא אאאא א א.א א א. א 7 א אא א א א. א 8 אא א אאא א א אא א אא אא.א א א א 9 א א א א א א א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א 5
א א : א א א א א א אאא.א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א 10 א (א אא א)א א אא אא א א א. אא א א א א א א א. א אאא 6
א א א א א א א א א א א : א א א א א א א א א א א 1 א א "א "א א א א א א א /א א. א א א א א אא אא 2.אא א א א א אאאא אא 3 אא א א א א א א אא א א א א א א. א א אא א א א א א 4 א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א 1. א א א א א א 2. אא א אאא אאא אא א א א א. א אאאא 3 2א א אא א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א. 7
א א : א א א א א אא 4 א א א אא. א. א אאאא 5 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא. א אא אאא א א א א א א א אא א אא א אאא. א א א אאאא א 6 א. א אאא אא א א א א א. אאא 7 א א אאאא א א א. א א א א א א א אאא 1. 2 א א7א א א 8 א א א א א א א א.א אא א. אא א א א א א אא " א א" 1 2 אא אא א אא א. א א א א א. 8
א א א א א : א א א א א א 1 אא ("א" א) א א א א. א א א א א א א א.א א.אא א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א. א א א א א א א 2 א א א.א א א. אא אאא א אא 3 א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א..אא 4 א אא א א א א 5 א א א א אאא א.א א א א א א א אא א אא א 1 א א 1 (א "א ("א א (" אא " א) א 9
א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא אאא א 2 א א א א.. א א א א א א (2)( )1 11 א א א..א. א א א א א א א. :א 3 (2)( )1 א א א א ( ) א א א א א א א ( ) א א (1)( )1 א א א א א א א א א א אאא ( ) א א א א א א א. א אא א א א א א אאא אאא 1 א א א א א :אא א אא א א א א א א א א. אא. אאאאא אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א 10
א א : א א א א א אא. א א. א א א א א א א א 2 א א. א א א א א א א א א אאאא אאאא.אאאא אאאאא 3 א א א א א א א א.1 א א אאאא 4 אא. א אא.אא א א א א א.א א א אאא א א א א א א. א א א א א א 5 א. א א א א א א אא 6 א א א א א. א א א א א..א אא 7 א א א א א א א א א א 1 א אא א.א א א א א א א א א א. אאא אא א א אאא 2 א א א א א א א א. 11
א א : א א א אאאא 3. אא. אאא 4 א א א 5 א.א..א אא 6 אא אאא 7.1 א א א אא א אאא אא א.א25 אא 20א א אא אא אא א. אאא א א א א א אא א א אאא 1.אא א אא א. א אאאא 2 א א א א אא 3 א א א א א. אא אא א א אאא 4 א א א א א. אא א אא א 5 א א א א א א א א אאא א. א 12
א א : א א א אאאא א א אא א.א א א א אאא אאא 6 א אא.א אא א א.א אא א א א אא א א אאא א 7 א א אא א א א אאא א א א א א א.אא א א א א א א א א א.א3אא א א 1.א אא א אא א אא א 2 א. א א א 3 א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אאאא אא אאא. אא א אאא.אא. א2א א5אא א 4 א א א א א א א א. א 5 א א א א א א א א א א א א א..אא אא 13
א א : א א א א אא א 6 א א. א אא א א אאא12 א 7 א א א א א א א א. א א א א א אא א א 1 א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א. א א א אא א א 2 א א א א א אא א א א א א אאא.אאאא א.א א אא אאאא אאאא א 3.א אאא א א אא א א א 4 א א א א.אאאא אא א א א א 5 א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א.א 14
א א : א א א א אא א אאא א 6 אא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א.אא א א.אאא א א א אא אאא. א אא א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א 1 א.אא א א א א. א א א א א א 2 א א א אאאא א א אא אאא א. א אא א א אא אא א א אאא 3 א א א א א א / א א א א א א א /א א א א א. א אא א אא 4 א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א :אאאא א 1 א א א א ( ) אא 15
א א : א א א : ( ) אאא א א א א (1) אאא א. א אא אא א אא (2) א א א א א א. א 3אא א אא 2 א אא א אא א אא א אא א אא א א. א א א אאא א 3 א אאא (1)( )1. אא א א א אא.א אא 4.אא אאא אאאא 5.א אאא א.אאא א א א א א א א א אא 6 א : ( )1 א א אא ( ) א ) (1)( )1 א א אא ( ) א א א (א א א א אא א א א א א א א אא אאא א 16
א א : א א א א) (2)( )1 א א א א ( ) א (א. א א א א א א אאא 7 א א א א א( )1 א (2)( )1 א א א א א א א א א אאא א א אא (2) ( )1. אאאא 8 א א ( )1 א א א. א א( )1 א א א א 9 אאא אא א א (2)( )1 א (1)( )1 א א א א א 10א א. א א א א א א א א א /א א א א א א א א א א א. א אא אאא 10.א א (1)( )1 א א.א א א. אא אא א אאא 11 א א א א א א אאא אא א א 1 א אא א א אא א א א. אאאא אא א א 2 אא אא א אא א א.. אא א א אא 17
א א : א א א א א א א א אא אא א א אאא 1 א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א אא אאאאא. אאא א אא אאא 2 א א א א( )1 א (2)( )1 א א א א א. א ) א אא 3 א ( א א א א א א א א א. א א א אא 4.א א (א א א) (1)( )1 א א א א א א א.אא10 א א אא 3 א א 5 אאאאא א א א א א א א.א אאא א אא א א אאא א אא אא אא א. א א א א ( )1 א א א א א 1 א א א א.א א א א 1 א 2 :א א אא א א 18
א א : א א א א א א א א א ( ) אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א ( ).א א א אאא 3.א א א /א א אא א א 3אא 4.אא( )1 א א א א א א א א אא אאאא א 1. אאא א א א אאאאא א א א א א א א א א. א א א אאאאא 2 א 7 2 א א א א 5 3 2 1 א א א 641 א א 321 א א א א 43 א א 975 א א א א א א אא א אא א א א אא..א א א א אא אא8 אאאא 1 א א א א א א א א א א א.א א אא א. 19
א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א 3 אא א א א א א א 1 אא א א א. א א א. אאא א א אאא א א. א א א א אא א א א 2 א א אא אאאא. א א א א.א א א א א א א אא א א אאא א א א א א א א. א אאא א א א א אאא אא א א 3. א א אאא א א א. א א א א א 4 א א אא א. אאא א א א. א. א 3 20
א א : א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א 5 אא אאא א אא א אאאא. א אא אא.אא אאאא א א א אא א א אא אא א אא א א. 21
א א אא א א : א א א :א א אא א א " א"א א א. אאאא אא אא א א א א. אא א א א א אא (א אא )א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ( ) א אאא"א"א. א א. א : א אאאאא א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א. א. אא אא אא א אאא אא 22
א א : א א א א אא א א. אא אא א א א א א אא )א א (א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א. אא א אא א א. א א אא א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אאאאאא.א א אאא א א א א.אא א א אא א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א אא א א אא. אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אאאא אא א א א א אא ( א אא ) א א א א א א א א. א א א אאאאא אאאא. אא אא א אא אא א א א א א א א א א א : 23 ( ) א א א
א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא אא אאא א אאאא אא א א א א. אא אא א א אא א א א א א א א א א א.אאאא א א א אאא א אא א א אאא אאא. א אא א א א אא אאאאא אא א. אא א אאא אא אאאא.א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א אאא. א א א א אא א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא א/ א אא א אאאא א א א א א א. א א א א א א אא ) א אא א א ( ) 24
א א : א א א א א א א א א (א א א/ug.א א א א אאא א אא א א אאאא א.. א א אא א א אא א /א. א א א א א א א א א א א א. א אא א א אאא אא א א א א א אא א א. (א) אא :א / א.אא א 25
א א אא אא א א א (1965א) אא אא א א א א 20051981197619691966א ).20041993.(2008 2006 1969 א) א א א.(1999.(2005 1999 1969א) א א א א א א )א 1995 1999 1997.(20082001 2007.1969א) א א א.(2008 א א א א א א אא א א (א 2007 ). אא א / (א 1997 ). א 1964א) א א א.(2009200820042003200119791969 1993א) א א א אא.(2007 א א א א :א א א א.(2006 א) א א אא א א 27
אא אא אא א א א : א אא אא א א אא א א : א א אא (א א א ). : א אאא א א אא א אא אא 1 א א א ") א א א (" (א א א א.( אאא א אאא 2 א א א א א (א א א ) אאא אא א א א אאא א" א א 3 א "א א א א א א.א א א א א א א. א אא א א א א "א א "א א א אאאא א א "א" אא."א"א א א.א א א."א"א א אא א.א אאא א א א א א 4 א א אא. א אא א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א. 28
א א : א א א א 5 א א א א. א.8 א 76א אא אא א 6 א.אא א א א א א א א א 76א א. א א אאא אא א. א א אא א א א 7. אאאא."א א"א א אא א 8 א אא א א אא אא אאא א א א א א א א אא א א 8 א אא אאא אא א 9 א א א א א א א )א א א ( א א : א א א "א " אא א אא 1 א א א א א א א ) א א א (א א א. א א א א 2. 29
א א : א א א : א א א אא א אא אאא 1 אאאאא א א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א 5 א א א א א א א א א. אא אאא א 2 א א א א א א א. : אא א 3 " אא אא/ א א אא אא אא "א א א א א א א 30
א א : א א א א א א א א )א א א ) א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א אא א א א א א א א 4 אא 4 אא אאאא א א א א א א אאא 5.אאאאאא א א אאא א א א א אאאא 5 א א. א א א אא 6 א אא א א א. אא אאא א 7 א א א א א א א א. אא א א א א א א 8.אא א א א א א א א א א :.אאאא א 4.אאאא א 5 31
א א : א א א א אא א : א א א א א א א א א א אאא אא א. א א א : א א א א א א א א א א 1 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א. א א א א א א.א א א א א 2 א א.אא א אא א א א א א א אא א אא אא א א אאא אא א אא אא א א אאא א א א א א. א א. א א אא 32
א 3 א א : א א א א א א אא א אא א א א א א א א א א א. א 4 א א א.א אאא א א 5 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א 6 אא אאא א א א א א א א א. א אאא א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א אא אא א א. א 6 א א אא אאאאאא אאא א אאא.א א 5 א א אא א אא 6 א א א א א א א 5 א א א אאאאא א.א אא א א 33
א א : א א 7 א א א.אאא א א 8 א אא אאא אא א אאא א א א 8 א א א. א א א א א א א א א א אא א א אאא א א אא.א א א א א א א א אאאאאאא.אא א א א א :א א א א א א א א א א א 1 " א א א א א א א א א א א א א "א א א א א א אא א א. 7 א א א א א א. א 2 א א.אא א א א א א א א א א אא א אא אא א א אאא אא א אא א א א אא אא אא 7 (א ( א א א א א א א א א א. 34
א א : א א אא א א אא א א א א א. א א א. א א אא א 3 א א א אאאאא אא א אא א א אא אא א אא.א א א א. א 4 א א א.א אאא א א 5 אא אא א א אא א אא אאא א אא א א א א א א א.א א אא אאא א אא א אא אא א אא א אא.א אא א א א א א א אאא אאאאאאאאא א א א א א א. א א :א א א א א א א אא א אא א. א א א א א /א א א 35
א א : א.א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א /א א א א א. אא א א.א א א א אא ( ) א א א א 8. אא אאא א אא( ) :אאאא : א א א א (1) א א א א אא א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא אאאא אא א א 3 א 4 א א א א. : אאאא (2) אאא אא א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א 3 א א א א.4 א א 36
א א : א אאאא א א א. א א א אאא א.א אאא אא אא א אאא א א אא א 1 א א.אא אא א א אא א 8 א א א אא אא א א א.אא א א א אא אאאא 2. אא א אא א א א א א א : א אא 3 א א א א א א א אא א א א א.א א א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א אא אא אאא א א א א א א א א. א אאא א א א א א א א א אא. " " א 37
א א : א א אאא א אאא א א א. אא אא אא אא א 4 א א א אא אא א א א.א א א א א () א א א א א) א א. א א א א. אאא (אאא א א א א א. א א א א א א א א 5 א א א א א א א. א א א :אאא אא א אא א (1).(אאא אאא )אא א א8 א א א אא א א (2) א א א א 5 א א א א (א א א א א א א.( א א א א א א א א א (3) א א. א אא א א אא א.א א א א א א א א 6 א א א אא א אא אא א א א א א א.א א א א. א א אא אא א א אאא אא א א א ( ) :א א 38
א א : א אאא. א א( ) א א א א א א א א א א.א אא א א א. א א 39
א א : א א א א אא א א 8 א א א א אא אא.א אא א א אא א ( ) ()א א א א א (1)( )1 11 א א א א : א 1 א א אאא א א א א א א א א א ( א א) א א א א א א (2) אאא (1) א א (א (א א א א. אא א א 2 אאאא א א אאא א אאא אאא. א אאא. אא אא א 8 40
א א : א א 3 א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א. א 10 אא א 4 א א א א א 9. א א אא א 5 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא 6 א א א א אאא א. א א אאאאא.א א א א 9 41
א א : א א א א א א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א אאאא א. א. א אא א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אא א אא א א א א א א א. א א א א א א ( ) א א..א א א א ( ) א / א אא א ( ).( ) א א א. אאא אאא א א ( ) א א ( ) א א. 42
א א : א. אא א ( ).אא ( ) א א א א א אא () א. א א א א ( ). א / א אא א ( ).( ) 43
א א : א א א א א א א א אא אאא א א. א א א "אא"א) אא אאא(א אא אא.א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א אא א אאא א א א א א א א א א.("א א " ) אא אאאאא א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אא אא אא א 1-85) א אא א(CODEX STAN א א א אא א אא א. 7 4 א) א א א אא א (א א א א א א אא 44
א א : א א. א א. א א א אא א א אאא אא א אא א. א א (CODEX STAN 192-1995) אא א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא. א א א א א א א א. אא אא אאא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. )א אא אא א (א א א א א א א א א א א אא א 5 אאא א 7 אא אא א א א א א א א א א. אא אאא אא אאאאא א אא אא א א א אא אאאאא אאא)א אא א אאא א א ( א א א א א א א א א א א. אאא א אאא אא א א א א א א א א א א א 45
א א : א א אא א א א אא א א א א א. אא אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א. א א א א א א. אאא אא א א א א א א א א א א א.אאאאא א א אאא אא א אא. א אא (CODEX STAN 193-1995) א א אא א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א. א א אא א א א א א א א. א א א א אא א 5 א א אאא א 7 אא אא א א א א א א א א א. א א אא א א א א א א א א. 46
א א : א אא א/ אא א א אאאא א אא א א א א א א.א א אא א אאאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אאאא א אא א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א.א אא אא א א א א אאאא א א א א א א א א 4 א אא א א א א.אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א ( א א א)א א. אא א אא א א א א א א() א א א א א א א" ) ("א א א א א. 47
א א : א א אאא.א א א א א א א א. א 4 א א א א א א א א א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א (א א ) אאא א א (אא א) א א. א אאא א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א. אא א אא א אא א אאא.א א א אאאאא א אא א א אא.א א א א א א א א א אא.א א א א א אא אא א א. א א אא א אא א א א אא אא א אאאא א אא. א א אאאא א א 48
א א : א אא א א א אאא א א אא א א אא(CAC/MISC 6) א אא. א אא א א א א א א א א. אא א אאא אא אאאא אא אא. א אא א א א א א א א א. א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א אא א 5 4 3א א. א א אא א א א א א אאא אאא אא א א.א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א אא א אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אאא א א א / א א א א א א א א א. 49
א א : א א א א א א אא אא אא.א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א אא אא. אא אא א א א א.א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א 50
א א : א אאאא א.א א.א א אא א אא אא א א א א א א א.א א א א.אאא א א א א א אא א א א א א א..אא אא.אאא א א א א אא אא א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א.א א א אא אא אא א א א א א א א א. א אאא אא א א.א אא א א אא אא אא א א א א א א : "[א א א א א [ א 21א א א א א א א xxxx [א א [ א א 3 א א א א א א א א א א א א ". 51
א א : א אאא אא א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א/ אאא א א אאאא א א א א א א א אאאא אאא אאא : א א אאאא ) א אא א א א אא"."אא( א/ א.אא א א א אא אאאא א א א א א א : "א א א א א א אא א א א א "(CODEX/STAN 193-1995) א א א א אא א א א א א : א א אא א" / אא א א אא."א א א אא א א א א אאאא א א א א א א א : א א אא א אא " א א א א א א א 52
א א : א אאאא (CAC/RCP 1-1969) א א " א" א א 21-1997)."(CAC/GL.א אאא א א א אא א א א א אאא אא א א א א א א א.א א א אא.S.I א א א S.Iא א א.א א א אאאא א א א אא אא א א א א א א א אא א א א.(CODEX STAN 1-1985) אאא אאא. : אא א א א א א א א א א 1-1985).(CODEX STAN א א א א א אא) א א ( אא1 7 4 א 53
א א : א א אא א א א.אאא :א אאא א א 10... א" א א א א א א א א. 11 א אא א א." אאא א אא (אא אא7 4 א) א א א א א אא א א א אא אא א א. אא א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א אאא.א א. אא א א א 10 11 א א א. א אא א א א. א א 54
א א : א א א א א א א א אא א א אאאא א א אאא אאא א א א א אאאאא אא א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא אאא אאא אא א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א. א אאא אאא אא א א ) א א א א.( א א א א אא אא אא אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א אא א אאאא :א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א 55
א א : א א אאא / א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א (א 3 ) א א א א א א : אאאאא א אאא א א א א א 3 א א א א א א2 1 א א א א 3 א " " א א אאא אא א א א א א א א א א.א אא א א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א 1 3 א א א א א א.. א א אא א א א o o o א אאאא אאא.א א אא אאא אא א א אא אא אא אאא א א א א א א א א א אא א א אאא א אא 56
א א : א א א א א א א א א. א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא. א אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. : אאא א א א אאא אאא ") א א.אא (" "". אא אאא א א א א אאאאאאא (CAC/GL 36-1989) א א א א א א)אאא א א ( א א א א א א. :אאא א o o o o o 57
א א : א א א א א.אא.א א א ") א א א א א א א א א א א 3 א א ("" " א א א.3אאא אא א א א א אאא "" א"" ) א א א א.(א א א א א אאא א א. א א א אאאא 2 3א אאא. א אאא אא א א א א א א א א א 1 3 א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א. o o o 2 3א אא א א אאא א א א א א א א אאא אא 2 3א א א א. א א א א 58
א א : א א א א א א א א. א א א אאאאאא.א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א. אאא אאא א אא א אאא א א א א אא א א א אא א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א א א. א אאא אא א אאא א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א. א אאא אאאא. א א א אא א א אא א א אא.אא א א א א א א אא א א א.א אא א א א א א א א. אאא א אא א א א א א א אא א א א א א. אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א 2 3 א א א 59
א א : א אא אא א. א אא א א א א. אא (" """) :(" """) אאאא אאא אא. א אאא אא3 אא א א א א א 3א א א א א א. א אאא אא21 א א א א א א א "א א א." א : א אא אאאא א אא אא אאא א אא 2 1אא א א א א א א. א א א א א א א "א א א א. " א א א א א א א א א א א. א אאא אא21אא א א אא אאאאאאא א א א א 21א א א א א א. אאאא אאא 1. אאאא אא א אא אא א א א )א א א.( אאא אאא 2.אא 60
א א : א א א א א א א 3 אא א. א א א א אאא א א "אא" א. א א אא 4 אאאאא אאא אאא. א אאא אא 2 31 3 אאאא א א א אא א א אא א אא אא אא א א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא אא א.א אא א אאא 5 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אאא א א א אאא א א. א אא אאאא א 6 א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א. א א א אאא אא21אא אאאא א. א א : אאא א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א. 61
א א : א א א )א א א (.(8 אאא) 8 א אא אא אאאא אא א א א א א א א א אא א אאא אא א א א א א. א א א א א א א א אא אאא אא א א. א א א (אאא) אא א ) א 8 א אא אא (8 א אא אאא א א א א א א א א אא א א א אא א א א א א א אא אא א א א א. א א א א ) א אא א (אא.(8 אא א) 8 אאאא 62
א: א א 63 (2 1 א) אא :אא א אאא א א א א א אא ( א) א א א אא )א א א ( אא א אא א א אא אאא א א "") (" " א א א א א א אא אא א א א א 3 א א) א א ( א 21א א) א (אא א אאאא א א אאא אאאא א א אאא 2 3א
א א : א א א / א א א א א.אא א א אא אא א א אא א.אאא אא אא )א אא אא אא א א א אא א(א א. אאא א אא אאא א א א א אא א א א א. אא א א א. אא א א א א א אא אא. א 64
א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א.אאאאא א א א א א א א אא ( א א) א א ( ) אאא א:א. אאאא א א אא אא: א א א א. ( א א) א א א ( ) אא א א א א א :א א. א א א א.(א).אא א א א. אא: ( א א) א א א א ( ) א א א א :א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א.. א: 65
א א : א (אא א)א ( ) אאא אאא א :א א א אאאא א.א אא א א א א:. א א א א א אא א א ( ).א אא א א( ) א א א :.א (1). א (2) אאאאא א אאא א (3) א ) א א א א א א.(.א א א א (4).א (5).א אאאא א (6). אא (7) א א אא אא ( ) א א א א א. א א א א א ( ) א א א. א א א א ().א א א 66
א א : א א א א א א א א א אא א אאא א אא.א א א אאא א ( )א א א א אאא א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א אאא א א א א א. א א א א א א / א א א א א א א א א. :אאא א א א)א א(1) א א א א א א א א א א א א :17025 ISO/IEC א א א אא (2) א א א א א 1999 : אאא א א א אא א א אאאאאא. א א א א אא אא אא א א א אא / א א א א. א א א א א. אא 67
א א : א אא א א א א א אא א. אא " "א א א.א אא א אא א אא א אא.1 א א א א א : א (ELISA) א א א(PCR) א א. א 68
א 1 א א א א א : א אא א א אא א (א א א / (א א א א א א א א א א א (SR) א א For ML 0.1 mg/kg, [ML - 3 s R, ML + 3 s R ] For ML < 0.1 mg/kg, [ML - 2 s R, ML + 2 s R ] s R = standard deviation of reproducibility 12 For ML 0.1 mg/kg, LOD ML 1/10 For ML < 0.1 mg/kg, LOD ML 1/5 For ML 0.1 mg/kg, LOQ ML 1/5 For ML < 0.1 mg/kg, LOQ ML 2/5 :א א א א : :א :א For ML 0.1 mg/kg, HorRat value 2 For ML < 0.1 mg/kg, the RSD TR < 22%. 13 RSD R = relative standard deviation of reproducibility. א : א א ( ) א א א 98 102 98 102 97 103 95 105 90 107 80 110 80 110 80 110 60 115 40 120 100% (100 g/100g) 10% (10 g/100g) 1% (1 g/100g) 0.1% (1 mg/g) 100 mg/kg 10 mg/kg 1 mg/kg 100 μg/kg 10 μg/kg 1 μg/kg 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 100 =10 =1 = 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 0.0000001 א. אאא א א א א א. אאא אא א א (R) א.א א1 אאא אאאא א ( א ) א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א.אא ) א.Horwitz /Thompson s R 12.אאא אs R אא ""( ) א.Horwitz / Thompson RSD R 13 אא אRSD R אא ""( א. 69
א א : א א /א א א 1 א א א ) א א א א א א (א. א אא א א אא : א ELIZA PCR א. א 1 1 א א א א. א א א א א. א א א א א. א א א 10-7 א ML ± 3sR : :א אא < 10-7א ML ± 2sR א א אאא א א א ( א א א ) א א א.(ML)א א א א א א א (SR) א א. 3 א א א 95 א א 99. א 99 א א 3א א א 0.1 =) 7 10 2 א א א / א.( א א א 0.1א / א א3אא א. א א :א אא אא 70
א א : א Horwitz/Thompson א אא א. sr אא א Horwotz = 10-7 (= 0.1 mg/kg) : א1 1 1 71 PRSDR (%) = 100 sr/c = 2C -0.1505 א א א א א = PRSDR א אא אSr א א אc א א א C :א א ( S R) א S R = c 2C 0.1505 100 = ML 2 C 0.1505 ML 100 א CML א /א 0.1 א:1 א = :10-7 0.1 2 (0.0000001) 01505 0.1± 3 S R = 0.1± 3 = 0.1± 0.07mg /kg 100 א/ א 1א א א אא א/ א 0.170.03 ( 6 10 )א/ א 1א:2 1.0 2 (0.000001) 01505 1.0 ± 3 S R =1.0 ± 3 =1.0 ± 0.48mg/kg 100 א/ א 1א א א אא. א/ א 1.50.5 = PRSDR Thompson < 10-7 א 2 1 1 א א א א א א א Sr 22 = א א 0.22 =א א. :( 8 10 )א/ א 0.01 = ML א א :3.01 ± 2 sr = 0.01 ± 2 (0.22 ML ) = 0.01 ± 0.44 0.01 = 0.01 ± 0.0044 mg/kg 0
א א : א א/ א 0.01א א א אא. א/ א 0.0140.006 א א א1 א א א. א :1 א א א א א 100 76 124 10 6.6 13.3 1 0.52 1.48 0.1 0.03 0.17 0.05 0.028 0.02 0.011 0.01 0.006 א א ( א/ א) א א : א א : * 0.072 0.029 0.014 *.א אאאא א אא 2 1 א א א א א א א א :אאא א א א 10/1. א/ א 0.1 א א א 5/1 א 0.1א / א. :א אא א א א 5/1 א/ א 0.1 א א א5/2 א א / א 72
א א : א א אאא א א 3 1 א (RSDR) א אא א א א אא א א א א א א (PRSDR) 2 א א אא א 22 = PRSDR : א(א) א. RSD R 2 RSD R 2 PRSD R PRSD R.Horwitz/Thompson.2 א א א. אא א א א 73
א א : א א 2 א א.Horwitz/Thompson. Horwitz equation (2C 0.1505 ) Thompson 1-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10 < 10-7 א 1000 g/kg 100 g/kg 10 g/kg 1 g/kg.10 g/kg 10 mg/kg 1 mg/kg.1 0 mg/kg < 0.1 mg/kg א 2 3 4 6 8 11 16 22 22 PRSDR (%) = 4 = 6 = 8 = 12 = 16 = 22 = 32 = 44 = 44 RSDR = 2.א אא אא = PRSDR.א א אאאא = RSDR E PRSDR (%) אא 4 1 א א. א א א א.אאא א א א 5 1 (CRMs) א א א א ) א א.( 6 1 : א א א אא 1993-1995, Rev 2-2006 א א א א. / 0.05 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א : 3 74
א א : א א 3 א א א א : א : א : א א 0.05 mg/kg 0.03 mg/kg (= ML - 2sR = 0.05 mg/kg - 0.44 0.05 mg/kg). See Table 1 0.01 mg/kg (= ML 1/5 = 0.05 mg/kg 1/5) 0.02 mg/kg (= ML 2/5 = 0.05 mg/kg 2/5) א א א א א /א 0.05 א 2 א 44 = א א א א א א א : א א א : :א : א א : א א : א : א א א א א א א א א א א)א 2 א א (.4 א 75
10 g/kg -2 10 From.88 to 11 (g/kg) 1000 2000 8 97-103 1 g/kg -3 10 From.830 to.21 (g/kg) 100 200 12 95-105 100 mg/kg -4 10 From 76 to 124 (mg/kg) 10 20 16 90-107 א א : א א 4 א א א 10 mg/kg -5 10 From.6 6 to.313 (mg/kg) 1 2 22 80-110 1 mg/kg -6 10 From.52 0 to.481 (mg/kg) 0.1 0.2 32 80-110.1 0 mg/kg -7 10 From 0.03 to.170 (mg/kg) 0.01 0.02 44 80-110 0.01 mg/kg 10-8 From 0.006 to.0140 (mg/kg) 0.002 44 60-115 0.001 mg/kg 10-9 From 0.0006 to.00140 (mg/kg) 0.0002 0.0004 44 40-120 א א א א א א א א ( א/ א) א ( א/ א) א א א א ( =) א א ( )* א א א. א א * א א א א א. אאא 1 2 א א אא / א א א א א. אא. א 1 1 2 0.05 א א א א א א / אRSDR22 /0.03 א PRSDR %,.( 95א) 44אא א :אא א א א 76
א א : א א 5 א א א א א א א א א ( /) 1 א א א 2 א (א א ) א א א 3 א א א א א 4 א א א א א א א ( /) א / / א א א א א א א 5 א א א 6 א א א א א א 7 א א א א א א א א א א א א א. 8 א אא אא.2 292.9-364 א א /0.05.03-2.80.030-10617 א א א א 0.03 ( 44 ) 106 /.03-0.500-3012 ) א א א( א א א.א..018-0 0.090.0197-0 0.977.045-0.250 < 0.01 26.9-305 א א.. א < 0.01.8-4.22 א א.. -40 א א א.א א א א א א א.005-1.620.014 0 26.013-2.450 < 0.01 8. /0.03-44 א א א א א א א. -47 א א א א א א 0.03 /.א א = AAS אאא א = GF-AAS אא = ICR MS א 87 3 א : א א א א /0.05 א. א א א א א א א " א". א. 78
א א : א אא אא אא א א א א אא א א א א א א א : א (" א" אא א א א) א א א א אא א ) א א(אא אא א ( אא אא א א ) א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א.אא אאאאאאא א א אאאאא א א. א א אא א אא אא.א א א א א א א א. א א א א א.א 79
א א : א אא.א א א א א אא אא.אאא א א אא אא א אאא.(M. Thompson, Analyst, 2000. 125, 385-386) 80
א א : א א אא אא א א א א א א א אאא.א א אא אאא אא א א א אאא א אא.א א א אא אא א א אא אא :א ( ) אא )אא אא א א ( א א א.א א א א א א2 4 1 3אאא.(" א א א") (CAC/GL 50-2004) :א א ( ) א אאא א.א א א א א א. א א א4 4 3 3אאאא :א א א ( ) אא)א א א א א.(א א א א א. א א א3 4 אאאא. : אאא א ( ) א א אאא. א א אאא א 81
) א א : א א אא א א א א א אאא א א ( ) א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א.. א אאא א א 1 אאא ( ) אא א ( ) : א אא א אא א) א א אאא א (1) אא א א א א א אא אא א א א אאאא אא א (2) אא א אא א.אאא : אא א א א ( ) א אא א (1) אאא אא (2). אאא א א (3) :אא א () א אאאא (1). א אא א א (2) א א א אא א ( ).אא א אא א 82
א א : א אא א א ( ).א א א א אא א אא אא א אא ( ) א א א. אא א אא א א ( ) א א א א א א א אא אא א א א א אאא א א א א.א א א אא א א א () א א א א א א א א. 83
א א : א א א א א :א א א א א א אאאא אא א א א א א אא אאאאא א א א. א א א א א א..אא א א." א" אא א ""א א אא א אאא " א" אאא אא. אא אא א א. אא א א.א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א :א א א 1 א א א א אאא א 2 1 2 א (CAC/GL 50-2004) :. א 84
א א : א א א א א א א א א א א אא/אא אא. א א א 2 א א א א א א א. א א א א.א א אא 3 א א א א. אא א אא א א א.א. א א א א א א. אא 4 א א אאאא א.אא 85
א א : א א א א אא א א א א א א א (א (2004 א א א א א א א א (א 2006 2004 ) א א א א א א א (2009 2004א) ( א ) א א א א (א 2005 ) א א א א (א (2005 87
א א : א א א א א א א א א א א( )1 11 אא א א אא7 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אאא. אא א א א א א א א א א. א א אא א אא א א. א א א אא א א א א א א א א אא אא אא א א אא א.א. אאא א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אאא ( אא )א א א אא א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. 88
א א א א א א : א א אאאא אאא א א א א א. א א א א א א א.אא אאא אא א א א.א א א. א א א א א א א. א א א אאא א א א א.א א א א אאאא אאא אא א. א א א אא א אא א א.א א א א : א א אא א אא א ( ). א אא ( א ) א א א( ). א אא א אאאא א אאא ( ) א. אאא א אא ( ) 89
א א : א א אא () א א א א א א. אא אא אא א א אא ( ) אא אא אאא א א א א א א א א. א א אא א א א אא א א אאא א א א א א א א..אאא אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א.אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א אא א א אא א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א אא א.אאאא א א א אאאא א א א א א א א א)א א א א א אא אאא.( א.א א א :א א א ( ) 90
א א : א א א א א ( ) א ( ) א א א א א ( ) א אא () א א אא ( ) א א. אאאא א. א א 30 א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א. א א א א א א א א א. א א א א. :אא אאא א אא ( ) א אא( ) א א א א ( ) א א א א א א א א א א. אא אאא. א ( ) אאאא ().אאא ( ) א א אאא א א א. 91
א א : א א א אאא אא א א א א א. א א א א א.אא אאאאא א א א. אא אא א א א. אא אאא א א א : אא (1) א א אאאא אאא (2).אאאא (3) א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א. א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא אא א א א א א א א א א א. 92
א א : א א 14 א א א א. א אאא א אא א א א.א א אא א א א א אא ) אא. א א א (א א.א א. א א א א א א א א.א א אאא א א א. א א א א א.. אא אא א א א א א א א א א. א א א א. 14 93
א א : א א א א אא א א א א א ( )1 א אא א א אא7 א א א אאא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א אאא אא אא א. א א א א א א א א א אאאא א א א א. א א אא אא א אא אא א אאאאא. א..א א אאאא א א אא אא א א א א א א. א אאאא אא א א א אא א.א א אאאאא א א א ("א ("א א א א א.א אאאאאאאא א א אא א אא א " : א א א. א 94
א א : א א א אאא ". א אא א א : אאאאא אא א א. א א א ( ) א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א( ) א א א א א אא א א ( ) אא א אאא א א ( ) אא א : אא א א אא אא א א א אאא אא א א אא א א אא אא אא2 : א א א אאא ( ). אא א א אא( ) א אא א א אא אא א א א א א א א א א. 95
א א : א א א א א ( א) 5 א85 אאאאאא א אאא א א א.א א א אא א א א : א א א אאאאאא א ( ) אא ( ) א א : א א אא א א אאא א א א אאאאא א א א אאאאא.א א אא א אא ( ) א אאא.א א 96
א א : א א 97 א א א א א ( )1 א אא א א אא7 א א א אאא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א אאא אא אא א. א א א א א א א. א א א אא א א א אאאא אאא א א א א א א. א א א א א.אא.אאא אא א א א אא אא 7 א. 10 א א אאאא א א א א א ( )1 א א (2)( )1. א : א אא אאא א א א א א אא א א א א א א
א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א /. א א א אאא אא א א א א א א א א. א.א א אאאאאא א א "א 7 א א א א א א א א א א א א א." אאא א א א א א א א א א אא א אא א אא א א א א אא אא. א אא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א.74 א אא א אא א א א א א 98
א א : א א. א. אאאאא אא א א אאאאא א א א א א א א א א. א א א א 15 א אא אאאא א א א א א א א א. א אא אא אא א אא אא אא. אא א א. אא אא א א אא א : א א א אאא ( ) אא א אא א א ( ) א אא אאא א א ( ) אא אא. אאאא א א א א אא א א א א א א : אא א א א(1) : ( ) אאא א אאא א אא א א :א ) " אא א אאא א א" א 15 99 א א ).
א א : א א א א א (2) א א א א א (3) א א א א א א א אאאאא א ( ) אא א א א ( ) א א א א א א אא אא א אא ( ) א א א א א א אא () א א א א א א א 16.אאאא ( ) א א אא אאאאא א א א א א א א. א א א א. א.אא אא א א אא. אא א.אא אאא א א אא א אאא אאא אאא א 16 א א א א א. 100
א א : א א א א א א אא א א א א אאא. אא א א אא א א אאא אא א אא א. 17 א א ) א א א א א א א א אא ("א " א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא א א א. א א א א א.א א א א אאא א אאא א אא.א.א א א א א א א א א" 17 א " א" א א א א א א א א " א.א א" א א א אא א אא א" 101
א א : א א א א א אאאאא א א )א אאא "א.(" א אאא.אא א א א. א א א א 18 א אאא א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א ( א א) א א א א. א א ( א) א.א אא. א א א א א א א / א.. א א א א א אא א א א.א א א אא אא א א א א.. א א א אא א אא א 18 102
א א א א א : א א אא א. א א א א א א אאא א אא. אא אא א א. אאא אא א.אאאאאא א א א א אא א. א א א א א א.א א א. א.א א א א א א. אא אא א א. א א א א אאא א א א אא א אא א א א א א א א א א. 103
א א : א א א א אא א א אא א א א א אא א א א א א א א. א אא א א אא.א א אאאא א אאא אא.א 104
א א : א א א א א א א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא א א א א א א א. א אא א א אאא א א א א א א א. 19 א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אא א א. א א א.א א א /" א א א א א א א א א א" 19 א א" " א א א אא א אאא א" "א אא א" " א א א אא א א. א א 105
א א : א א א א א א א אא אא.. א א א א א אאאא א א א א א א א א.("א" ) א א א א א א א א א. א א. א א אאא.אא אא א א אאא א א אאא א א א א. א א א אא אא א א א א א א א. א ( א א)אא א א א ( א) א. א א. א אאא.אא א אא 106
א א : א א א אא א א א א א א א א א. אא אאא א. א א א א א א א א א א אא. אאאאאא א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א. א.א א אא. א א.א א אא אא א א א א א א א א א א.. א אאא. אא אא אאאאא א א א א א. א) א אא א אאא(... א. 107
א א : א א א א א א א א א א אאא אא א אאא. א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א.א א אא א א אא אא א א א א א א אאאא א א. 108
א א א א א א א א (2003א) א א אאא 1997א)א אא א.(200420031999א אא אאאאא (2007 2005א)א א א א א א א א א (א 2007 2005 ) אא אאא (א 2007 ) אא א א א א (א 2007 ) א)א אאא א אא אאא א (2007א) ( אאא אא א א א אא ) ( אאא אא א א (2006 א א א א א א א.(2009א) אאא 109
א א א :א א א אאא א.א א א א א 1 א א א א א 2 א אא א א אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא( א) אא א א 3 אא א א אא א אא א א א א א ( א )א א אא א א א א א. א אא א :א א אאא 4 א א אא אאא א אאא א א אא א 20 אא א א א א א. א א א א 5 א א א )א א א א.אא א א :א א 20 110
א א א :א א 21 א א אא א ( א.א א א א א א 6 אאא 22 אא אא.. א אא אאא א 7. א אא א א אא א א 8. א א א א אא 9 א א א א א א א א.אא אאא א א. אא א א א 10 אא א א א א א. א א. א א 11 א א א א א א. א.א א א אאא א א אא א א א א א א אא אאא. אא אאא אא. א אא 21 א א א "" א א א" א אא 22 א א א א אאאאא א א ) " "א א "). 111
א א א :א אאאאא 12. אאאא א אאאא 13. א א א א א א 14 א א אא.אאא אא. אא א אאא א 15 א. א א א אא 16. א אא אאאא 23 א א א א אא 17 א א אא. א. א א א א א א אא א 18 אא א. אא א א א. אא א א א א אאאא.א.אאא אא א א א א 19 א א א א א א א א..אא א א :א א אאא 23 112
א א א :א. א א אאא 20 א א. א אאא א א. אאא אאא 21 א א א א א א א א.א אאאא א אאא אא 22 א.אאא א. א אאא אאאא א א אאאאא א א אאא אא א א אא אא.א א. א אא א אאא א א א א 23 א.אא א א א א א א א. א א א א 24 א א א. א א א א אא.א א א א א א )א א ( א א / א. אאאא 25 א. א א.א. א א אא אא א א אא 26 א א א א א א א א א א א א. 113
א א א :א א א א אא א א 27 א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא. 24 א אאא א 28.א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א. 25 א אא אא א א 29 א אאא א אא אא אא א א א אא אאא אא א אאא.10 א א א א א א 30 א א א אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א..א א 31 אא א א א אא א א א: א אאא אא 24 אאא א אא אא א א א א א..אא א א :א 25 114
א א א :א אא אא א א אא א א א א א. א א א אא א 32.אא א אאאא א א א א אא 33 אא א. א א. א א א אאאא א 34 א.א אא א א אא א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א אאא א אא א אאאא.א א א.אא אא א א אא א א 35 אאא אא א א א. א א אא א א א. אא א א א 36 א א אאאא. אא א אאא א א א א אא א א א א א. א א :אא א 37 אא אא (1) 115
א א א :א א א א/ אא א א (2) א אא אא א (3) א (4) אא (5) א אא א אאא א א (6) אא אא א (7). א אא אא אא (8) )אאא 38 (א אא א א אאאא א )א א א א (א א א.א אאא א.אאא 39 א אאאא א א. א א אא אא אאאא 40. א א אא אא א אאא א. א א א אאא אאא א א א )א.(25 אאא א א 41 א א.א א א אאאאאא א א א (א א.(6 116
א א א :א א אא א א א.אא א א אא אא א א א. א א. אא א א א : א (2) א(1) : א אא א. א (4) א(3) א א א א א א א א א א א א אא אא א אאא אאא א אא. א אא א א א אא א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. 117
א א א :א א א אא א אאא א א א א. א. א א א א א א / א א א א א. א א א. א א א א א אאאאא א א א. אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אאא א א.א. א אא א (א)א א א / א א א א א (א.( 118
א א א :א א אא א א אאא / א א.א אא אא א א אא אא / אא.אא אא אא אא / אא. אאא א א אא א א אא / אא א א א א א א. 119
א א א :א א אא א אאא א 1 א א א א 1 א א א א א א א א א א. אאא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא א 2 א א א. א 2 א א א /א א א א א א א א. אא א אא/ אאא 3 א א א א א א. א א א/ א א א א 4 א א א א א א א א א א א א/ אאא 5 א א א א א א א א א א אא אאא. א. אא א א א א / אאא אאא א 6 א א א א א א אא א. א א א א / א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א 120
א א א :א אאאא אא א. א 3 א א א / א א א א א אא / אאא 7 א א א א א א א א. א אא / אאא 8 אאאאאא אא א. א א א א א 26 אא א א א אא א א 9 א א /א א א א א א אא/ אא אאא א אאא. א א א א אא/ אאא 10 א א א א א א. אא א א א א אאא א א אא/ אאא 11 א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א. א א אא/ אאא 12 א א א א א א א א אאא א א א אאא אא (1) : א א אא 26 א א אא (2) א אאא א אא א אאאא (3) א אאאא א א )א א א א א א ). 121
א א א :א א א אא אאא א א א א. א א אא/ אאא 13 א א א א א א א א א. אאא א אא/ אאא א 14 א אא (1) א א א א א אאאאא(2) א א א. א אא/ אאא א 15 א א (1) א א א א א א א אא א א(2) אא/ אא.א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא אא/ אאא 16 א א א א א א א א א אא א אאאא א א א א. א א אא/ אא 17 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א /א א א. א אא/ אא 18 א א א א א א אאאא 122
) א א א :א א אא א א א אא. אאא א א/ א א א א 19 א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א. א אא אא/ אאא 20 : אאא אאאא א א א א א א א א א א /א א א א א א א אא א א א א אא א אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א אא ) א אא א א א א א. אא א א א אא/ אא 21 א אאא.אא 123
א א א :א א אא/ אא 22 א אאא א א אא א א א א א א א. א א א/ א א א 23 א א א א א א א א /א א א א א א א. א א א א א /א א א א א א אא א אאא. א אא/ אאא א 4 א א א א א א א א א א אא אאא א א אאא 24 א א אא / אאאא א. א א א א א א א א אאאאא 25 א א א א א. / אאא אאא 26 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א אא / אאאא א אאא א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א אאאאא א.אאא 124
א א א :א / אאא אאא 27 א א א א א א א א אא א אא / אאאא אא 28 אא א אא א א א א.( אא א א) א אא / אאא אאא 29 א א א א א א א א א א. אאאא 30 א.אאא א א א א. אא אאאא 31 א. א אאא א 32 א אא א א א א א א. א אאאא 33 א א אא א אאא א א אאא אא א אאא א. א אא / אאאאאא 34 אא. א א א א א א א א / א א א אא א א א. 125
א א א :א אא / אאאאאא 35 א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א אא 36 א / א א א א א א א א א.א א א.אא א א אאא א א אאאאאאא א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א. אאאא 37 א א א א א א / א א א א א א / א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א אאאא אא א א. אא א א. א א א א א א א א א.א א אאאא 38 א א א א א א א א. א א א א 126
א א א :א א א אאא א 1 אאא אא 1 1 אאאא א א א א. א א א אא א"2 3."א.א א א א א א א. אאא א אא 2 א א א א א א. א א א א אא א א (א א א א א ( א א א א א א. א א אא אא. א אא א אאא אא אא א 3 אא אא א א אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א. אאא א א א א 4 אאא אא א א אאא א א א א א א א א. אאאא אא א א אאא א א א אאאא א אאא אא. א. אא א א אא א 127
א א א :א א 2 א א א א א / א א א א א א א אא 5 אאא א א אאא אאא א / א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אאא אאא)אא א אאא.( א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א אא א א א א א 6 א. א א/א א א א א א א אאא א א/ א א.א א א א א א א א א א א א/ א א א א א א א א א. א א א אאא א א 7 / א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא אא א א אאא 8 א א א א א א א א א א א/ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא אא אאא א א א. א א א 128
א א א :א א 3 א אא אא / א א אא אא א א אאא 9 אא / א א אאאא אא א א א א א א. א אא א א א א א א 10 א / א א א א א א (א אא)אאא. א)א אא א / א א א א א א א (א א א א. :א א 11 א אאאא ( ) א)אא 27 א 10 א א ( א א א א א /א א א אא אאא א( ) ( אא)אאא 5 א אא/ אא א אא א אא א( ) אאא 5א א / א אא ( אא) 129.א 0.1 27
א א א א.א א. א א א :א א 4 א א /א )א (אא א2 א א א א א א א אא 12 אאא אאא אאא אא אאאא / א א א א א א א א א. אא אאא א א א א א א אא א א א א/א א. א א אא א א אאא 13 אא אא א אאא אא א.א (א א.( א א א א אאאא אא א א. אאא א א א א א א 14 א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א ) א ( א / א א א. א/ א א 5 א א א א א / א )א א 2 א א ( אא אא א א אאא 15 אא א א א אא א א א א א א א 130
א א א :א א א א א. א א א א א. אא אא א א אא אא א א א א א א א א א א. א אאאא אא א א אאא א אאא אא א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. 131
א א א :א א אאא א א אא א א 1 אאאא א 1 א א א א. אא א 2 א א אאאא 2 א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א א אא א אאא א אא א א אאא א. אא א א א 3 : אא א ( ) א א א א א ( ( א א א א א ( ). א אאאא ( ) אאא א א א 4 א א א א א א א א א א.אאא א א א אא א א א 5 א א א א א א. אא אא א אא א 6 א א א א אא 132
א א א :א א. א א א אאאא א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א. א א אא אאאאא 7 א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא א אאא א א א אאא אא א 3 : א א 8 א א א א א. אא א אא א א א א א א 9 א א א א א א א א. 28 אאא א א א אא א אאא 1 3 : א א אא 10 א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א אאא 28 133 א א א א א א.
א א א :א א א. א א אאא1 1 3 א א א אא 11 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א2 1 3 א אא א א א 12 א א א א / א א.א א א. אא א אא אא א 13 :אא א א א א / א א א א א א א א אא א א אא א א א א 14 א א א :א א א א א א 39 א א א : א א. א אא אאא 134
א א א :א 135 אא 3 1 3 א.א א( א) א 15 א א א א א (א ( א. אאאא א( א) אאא.א א א אא א א א 16 א א א א א א. א אאא 4 1 3 אא א א א 17 אא אאא אא אאאאא א( ).א אאא א אא א א אאאאא א א א א /אאאאא אא א א א. א א א א א. אאא א א 18 א א א א א אא א אא אאא א א א אאא א. אא5 1 3 א א א א א א 19 אאא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא אא. א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא /
א א א :א א א6 1 3 א א א אאאא 20 א א. א א א א א אא אאאא. אא א אאא א 21 א א אאאא /אא אאאא. אאא א. א א אא א א א אאא א א 22 א א א א א א א. א א.א אא א אאא 23 א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א. אא א א א 24 א א א. ) א א אא 25. א (.(א ) אאא אא א אא 2 3 אא א א א 26 א א אאא א א א א אאא א א א.א א א א א א " א אא א" 29 136
א א א :א א. א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א 30 א א א א א א אא א. א א א א א 27 א א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א..אאא א א א 28 אא א אאא 3 3.א א א א אא א א 29.אא אא אא א א א א אא א א א.(CAC/GL16-1993)אא א אא א א א 30 א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא 31 א א א. א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א. א א אא 4 א א א א אאא 32 א א א א א א א א א א 11א 01/31..ALINORM 30 137
א א א :א א א. א א א א. א א א א א אאא א 33 א א א א א אא א א א א. 138
א א א :א א א א א א א אא א א א( א) א 1 אא 2 א א 3 א א 4 אא 5 א א א א (א)א אא 6 אא אא א 7 א א א 8 אאאא 9 א א א א 10 א א א א אא 11 א 12 139
א א א :א א א 31 א אאאא 13 א/א א א 14 א א א א א )א אא 15 (א א א א אאא אא א 16 א אאא א אא א אאא א ( א) א אאאא 31 אא א א א אאאאא א א א א א א א א א א. 140
א א א :א א אא אא א א א א א א א א א אא א א אא א אא א א אאא 1 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א אאא א א 2 א א א א א א א א א א. אא א א אאא א א א א א א אא ( ) א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא א אאא א.א אאא אאא א א א אאאאא( ) א. א א א א א א. א א אאא א ( ). אאא א א א א א א א ( ) א א א א א א א א א א )א.( 141
א א א :א. א אא () א אאא ( ) א א אאאא. אא א א אא א א א א א א א ( ) א. א א א א א א א א א א א.אאא א א א א אא א אאא 3 א א א. א א א א א. אא.א א א א א א)אא אא א א 4 א א )א(א א א א א אא אאא א א (א.אא אאאא אא 5 א א אא א א אאא. א א אא אא א א א א א א א א א א א. אאאא א 6.א אאא 142
א א א :א אא א א אאא א א אאא 1 א א א א א א א א א א אא אאא אא א א א א א א א..א א אאאא א א א אא א אא א אא א אאא א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א 2 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא אא א אא א א 3 אא אאאא אא א. א א אא א אא א א 4 א א א א אא א א א א א א. א א א אא א א 5 אאא אא א 143
א א א :א א א. 32 א אא א אא א אא א 6 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא א א א 7 אאאאא א א. אאא אא א אא א אאאא א א.א א אא א א אאא א א 8.א א אאא א א אאא א א 9 א א א א א א א א א אא א א. אאא א אא א אא א א א 10 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א אאא א א 11.א אא אא א א א אא א א א א א אא א 32.170, 2002, ISBN 92-5-104759-6 אאאא א 144
א א א :א א אאא א א 12.א א אא אאאא א א 13 א /א א א א א א. א א א א/ א א א.א א א א א. אא א א 14 א א א א א. א א א א אא אא א א 15 א א א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. 145
א א א :א א אאא א א 16 א א. א א אא א א 17 א א אא א א א א א א א א. א א אא א א 18. אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א אא א 19 א א א א א א א אא א א.א אאאא א א א אא א אאא. אאאא א א אא אא א 20. אא א אאא א אא א אא א 21 אא א א אאאא א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א /א א א א א אא א. אאא א אא א 22 א א א א א א. א א א א א אא אאאאא אא א א א א א. 146
א א א :א אא א א א א 23 אאא א א א א א א ) א.(. א א א א 24 א א א א א א א.א א א /א א א א א א. א א א /א א א.א א א א א א. א א א א א א 25 אאא א אאא א א א.. א אא א א א אא א א 26 א א א א. 147
א א א :א א :א א א א א אאא א א א אא א א א א 1 א א א א א א אא א א אא אא א א א א א. א א א /א א א אאאאאאא א אא א א 2 א א א א א א א. 33 אאא אא א :א א אאאא א 3 אאא. א אאא אאא אא אא א 4 א א א : א () א א ).א א ( אא א 5 :אא א / א אא 1 א א א א ) א א א א א א ) א א אא א א 33 א א א א. 148
א א א :א א א א א א 2 א אאאא א 3 א אאא / אא א 4 א /א א א א 50 אאא א 5 א א א א א. א א אא א 6 :אאא א אא א א א א א / א א 1 א / 15 א א אאא 2 א א א א אאא אא א 3 א 4 א א א א א א א א 5 א א א א א אאאא 6 א. אא 7 אא א אא א א 7 א א : אא א אא 149
א א א :א.א א א.א א א 3 א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א.א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א. א.אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א 8 א א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א א א א א א. אא א א 9 א א א.א א ) א א ( אא א. א א אא א א א א א א א א. א אא א א א אאאא.אא א א ( א א) אא א א א א א 10 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אאא א אא א א א א א א א. 150
א א א :א א א א א א אא א אא 11 א א א. א א א א אא א אא 12 א א א אא א א.א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א " א" אא א 13 :א " א א" א אא ( )א א א א א א א א א "א." א א א א א "LogPow 3א." א א א אאא 14 אא. אאא :א א א א א א. א אא א א א א אא אא א א 15 א א אא א.א אאא א א א א א א א א א א (א 1997) ( ) אא א 34 151 WHO/FSF/FOS/97.7 א אא א 34
א א א :א אאאא א א א א.א א א א א א אא א.א אאא אאא א אאא 16 א א 8 א א א א א. א אא אא א א א אא א א א. א. א א א א 17 1999.א א א אא א אאאא א א א א א א.אאא אאא א א א א א א א. א א א אאאאא א א א א.א א אא אאא א א א א א 18. אאא 8 א א א 6 א 19 א א א אא א א א א א א. א א.א א אא 20.א א אאא א א אא א אא 21 א א א א א.א א א א א א א א. 152
א א א :א א א א 8/5א א 8/5 אאא א אא אא 22 3 א אא א א א א א א א /א אא א א א א 7 6 א א) 8/5 א א א 23 (8 א אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א 3. אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א.8/5 א אא אא א א א א א א 5 א א א א א א.8/5 אאא א א אאאאא א, א א א א א.אא א א א א א א א א.8 א 153
א א א :א אא א א א אאאא א 24 אאא אאאא(אא אא א ) אא א. א א א א א א. א א א אאאא 25 א א א א א א א א א א. ) א א א א א א א 26 א א (א א א.. 35 אא א א א אאאאאא א 27 א א א אא א א. אא א א א א 28 אא א א א א א א. א אאא א א 29 א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא אא א א א א א אא אא א אא 30 א א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א אא 35 א א א 92-5-104759-6 170, 2002, ISBN 154
א:אא א 155 א א א אא א א א א..אא א א א א א. 31 א א/א א.א א.א אאא א א אא א א א 32 א א.(t=0) א א א א א א.(t=0+1 year) א אא א א א 33 א א א א אא.א.אאא א א אא א. אא א א 34 א.א א א א א א א.א א א א א 35.א א אאא א א
א א א :א א א א א א א א א א א אא 1 א א א אא 1 1 :א א א אא א אאא (1) א א א א אאא א א ()א א ( ) א א. "א א" אא א א 2 1 "א א א" א א אא אא אא.א א אא.א א / א א: א א א א א א. א א /א א א א א א א א א א אא אא א א א. א א א א. (2) (3) (4) 156
) א א א :א אא 2 א אאא 1 2 אא אאא א א א א א א א א אא :א אא א / א (1) א א אא) אאא א א א ) א א (2) א א אאאא א (3) א א א א אא (4) א א/ א א אא א 50 אא (5) א א א. : " " א א א אא : א א " א " א אאא אאא () א (1) א א אאא (2) א א א א) אאא א א אא אא (3) א א א א א א א 157
" א א א :א א א א א (4). א א 2 2 א א א א אאא א א א א א א א א : א /אא (1) א א א / 15 א א אא (2) א א א 15 א אאא" א אא א (3) אא א אא א (4) אא א (5) א א א א א אא (6) א א א א א א אא (7).א א 3 2 אא א אא א א א א א א א : א (1) א א א אא א א א (2) אאא אא (3) 158
א א א :א א אא (4). אא אא : אאא א אאא א אא א :אאא א אאא א (1) א א א. א אאא א (2) א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א אא אא. אא אא א א א א א א א א א. אא א א (3) א א א א א א א א אא א. אאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא אא. אא אאא אא א א (4) א א א א א א א א אאא. א א א א א אא 159
א א א :א אאא. אא אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א. א אאאאא א (5) א אא.אא אא א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א אאא. א אא אא א. אאא א א א א אא א א (6) א א. אאא א א א א א א א א. א א (7) א א א א. א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א. 160
א א א :א אאא אאא אא 1 א ) א א אאאא 1. א א א א("א". א א א 2003 א אאא א א א"אא 2 א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א אא אאא." א אא א א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א 3 אאא א א א א א א א. אא א אאא א א א א א א א א א א" א א א א א אא א א א א א א. 161
א א א :א א 2 36 37 א א אא א א א א א 4 א.א / אאא א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א.א א א א א )א א א ( א א אא ) א א א א א (א א א א א א (אא א )א א א א א א א. א א א א א. א א א אא 5 א ) אאא אאאא (" אא ".א א א א אא 6 אאא א. א א (CAC/Gl.09-1987)אאא א אא אא 36 א א א : ( ) א א א ( ). א א ( ) א א א א א א א א.. א(א אא) א אאא 37 162
א א א :א א א 3 א / אאאא 7 אא א א א א א א א א. א א א א א א. א אאא א 8 : א אא/ א א א א א א א / 37 א א א א א א א א א א א א.א אא אאאא אאא א 9.אאאא א א א 10 א א א א א א א א א א. א א א א אא 11 אאאא :א א )א א ) א אא א 163
א א א :א אאאאא א אא א 38 א א א )א אאא א א אאא א א א א א. א 4 א א א א א א 12 א א א א א א.אא א א " " א א. אאא א א אא א 13. א א א א א.א א א א א : א א א א א א א א א. א א א () א א 39 א א א א א א א א. " א א " אא א 38.א אא אא / א א אא א.אא אא א א אא 39.2006 א א 2005 א אא א א 164
א א א :א 38 א א א א א א א א א א א. א אא א אא. אא א / א א א אא א א א א. אאא א א א א א ) א ( א / א א א א ) א.( א א א א א א 39 א א א א א א א. א אאאא 39 א.א א א ( א א ) א אא א א א א. אאא / א א ( א)א אא א א. א א / א א א א אא א א א אא א א א א א א א א. 165
א א א :א 40 א א א א א א א א א א אא א א. א א א א אאא אא א א.א א א א / א 39 א א א א א. אא 5 א א א : א א 14 אא א. אא. א א א א א א א אא אאא אא 15.א " א "" א א א" 39 אא א א א א א 16 א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא אאא א אא 17 :א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א Gibson R.S. 40 א א א א א. א א 2007 28 (אS77-100 :( 166
א א א :א א א א אאאא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א. : אא א אא 18 א א (א)א א )א א א אאא אא א א א ) א ( א א.א אא א אא א אאא א א 19 א א א א א..א א אאאא א אאא א א א אא א 20. אאא אא א א א א א א א. א ( א )א אא 21 א א א.א א 167
א א א :א א אא אא א ( א ) א א א א א. א אאא 22 א א א א א. אאא א א א א 23 א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א אא אא א א א אא א א א א א. א א א א א אא 24.א א אאאא אא א א.א א א א א א א א א א.א א א א א א. אא אא א אא 25. א א אא א א א א א א א.א אא א א א א א אא א. 39 א א א א א א.א א אאא א אא אא א א א א א. אא א א אא 26 א אאא א אא א אאאא.א 168
א א א :א א א א א א א א א א א. א א אאאא אאא א א א 27 אא א אאאא. א אא אאאא. א אא אא א אאאא 28. א א א א א. א אאאא א א אאא 41 א אא אא א א א אא א. א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא א א א א א א א 29 א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א. א א א א 30 א.א א א א א א א א א אאא א אאא א א א א א א א א. אא (CAC/GL.55-2005)א אאאא א 41 א א א א אא אא א א אא.. א א א א אא אא אא אאאא אא א.א 169
א א א :א א א אא אאא א א א א אא. א א. א אא 31. אאא א א א א א א א א 32 א א א א א א א א א א א א 6 א א אא א אא א א 33 א אא א א אא א א א א א א א. א א א א א א א א א א א א א. אא 34 א א א א. א א א א א א א. 170
א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א 171
אאא :א א 172 אאא אא א א א CAC א א א CX-701 Alinorm CCEXEC אא CX-702 CX-EXEC אא אא א א א א א CCCF א א א CX-735 CX/CF א CCFA א CX-711 CX/FA א CCFH א CX-712 CX/FH א א CCFICS אאא א א א א א א אא CX-733 CX/FICS אא CCFL א CX-714 CX/FL א CCGP אא CX-716 CX/GP CCMAS אא א CX-715 CX/MAS CCNFSDU אא אא א CX-720 CX/NFSDU CCPR אא CX-718 CX/PR א CCRVDF א אא CX-730 CX/RVDF א א
אאא :א א 173 ( א) אא אא א א א א א CCFO א א CX-709 CX/FO CCFFP אא א CX-722 CX/FFP א CCFFV אא א CX-731 CX/FFV א CCMMP אא CX-703 CX/MMP א CCPFV אאא CX-713 CX/PFV א א ( א) אא אא א א א א א CCCPC א א CX-708 CX/CPC א CCCPL אא א א CX-729 CX/CPL א א CCMH א CX-723 CX/MH א CCNMW א א א CX-719 CX/NMW א CCS א CX-710 CX/S CCVP א א CX-728 CX/VP א ( א) אא אא א א א CCIE א א CX-724 CX/IE CCM א CX-717 CX/M CCPMPP אא א א CX-721 CX/PMPP CCSB אא CX-726 CX/SB
אאא :א א 174 ( א)א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א TFAMR אא CX-804 CX/AMR ( א)א א א א אא א א א א א TFAF אא א א א א א CX-803 CX/AF אא TFFBT אא א אא א א CX-802 CX/FBT א TFFJ אא א א א א א CX-801 CX/FJ אא TFPHQFF אא א א א א א CX-805 CX/PHQFF א א א א א אא א א א א א CCAFRICA א א CX-707 CX/AFRICA CCASIA א א CX-727 CX/ASIA א CCEURO א א CX-706 CX/EURO א CCLAC א א א א CX-725 CX/LAC א CCNEA א א א CX-734 CX/NEA CCNASWP א א אא א CX-732 CX/NASWP
א א :א א א א CX/CPMMP א CX/TO CX/FJ CX/QFF א א א א א ( )1 11 (א ( א א CX-703 א א אא א א א א א א א ) א ( CGECPMMP א א א א CX-704 CX-705 א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א אא אא א CXTO GEFJ GEQFF 175