50 (2) :151-157, 2004 A cta Zoologica S inica 3 1 2 3 2 4 4 1 1., 100080 2., 100875 3., 100083 4., 100037 1 33 ( Cricetulus t riton) (4 ) ( M ustela sibirica),,,,,, ;, ;,,, ( ),,,,, [ 50 (2) : 151-157, 2004 ] Responses of rat2like hamsters Cricet ul us t riton of different sex and age to predator odor 3 ZHAN G Jian2Xu 1, CAO Cheng 2, GAO Heng 3, YAN G Zhong2Shun 2, N I Jia 4, WU Fu2Yan 4, ZHAN G Zhi2Bin 1 33, WAN G Zu2Wang 1 11 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 21Department of Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 31Department of Plant Protection, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 41Department of Biology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China Abstract We examined the behavioral and physiological effects of long2term exposure to aversive odor (predator odor, anal gland secretions of Siberian weasels M ustela sibirica) on female and immature rat2like hamsters Cricetulus t riton by same methods and comparisons as our previous study of conspecific adult males. Contrary to the general pattern that fe2 males and immature animals are more vulnerable to stress than male and adult counterparts, we found that female rat2like hamsters and immature males and females were less influenced. In adult females, contrary to adult males, predator odor did not affect their flank marking and adrenal sizes, and promoted the flank gland sizes. In immatures, only flank glands of males were inhibited by predator odors, similar to adult males ; adrenals of both sexes and flank glands of females were 2003209218, 2003211217 3 (No. KSCX221203, KSCX22SW2103, KSCX22SW2105) (No. 39970110, 39730090, 39825105) ( FS20002009) [ This research was funded by Chinese Academy of Sciences ( No. KSCX221203, KSCX22SW2103, KSCX22SW2105), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970110, 39730090, 39825105) and State Ministry of Science and Technology (No. FS20002009) ]. 33 (Corresponding author). ν 2004 Acta Zoologica Sinica E2mail : zhangzb @panda. ioz. ac. cn
52 1 50 not affected. Body weight was inhibited by predator odor exposure in immatures but not in adults. As in other rodent species, predator odor did not affect the reproductive organs in both sexes of adults, and decreased epididymies in imma2 ture males and uteri in immature females. The relevant physiological process and confrontation of predation risks were dis2 cussed [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 50 (2) : 151-157, 2004 ]. Key words Rat2like hamsters, Cricetulus t riton, Siberian weasels, M ustela sibirica, Predator odor, Sexual and age2 specific difference,,, 23 17, ( M ller2schwarze, 1995, Zhang et al., 2003a ) 2001 4 9 ( 5-12 ) 30, (Buchanan, 2 2000 ; Dielenberg and Mc Gregor, 2001), (1, 2 ; t, = 01528, P = 01476 ; t = 01264, P = 01794 ; t = 01692, P = 01500) ( Shors et al., 1992 ; Armario, et al., 1995 ; Wood and Shors, 1998 ; Shors, 20 2001 ; Wood et al., 2001) ; (14L 10D, 17 00-9 00), 100 lux, ( Stone and Quartermain, 1998 ; Pottinger et al.,, 1995) ( Handa et al., 1994 ; Boissy and Bouissou, 1994 ; Pottinger et al., 1995, Stone 20 20 and Quartermain, 1998), (1999 12, 2000 1 2001 1 ) ( Perrot2, Sinal et al., 1999 ; Vassilieva et al., 1999) ( M ustela sibi rica) ( Cricet u2,, l us t riton),,, - 20 12 ( (Zhang et al., 2002a, 2003a, 2003b ;, ) ( 2002b,) ) ( Zhang et al., 2002a, 2003b ;, 0105 mg ( ) 2002b),,, 28, ;, (, 1987 ; Buchanan, 2000 ; ( Vassilieva et al., 1999 ; Zhang et al., Nakaoka, 2000) 2003a) 29,, ( Zhang et al., 2003a), 10 %,,, 5 min, (Approach), (Attack), (Defence), ( Grooming) ( Flank marking) (Zhang et al., 2001a, b). 1,, 10 % 20 2000 4,,
2 : 153 30,,, ( ) ( 011 mg), 100 g, Wilcoxon, t, t, = 0105 2 1 Fig11 Behavior in staged dyadic encounters between the 211 experimental and control groups of female adult rat2like hamsters ( Z = 11317, P = 21221) ( Z = 3 P < 0105, Wilcoxon matched2pairs test. 11735, P = 01410) ( Z = 01990, P = 01338) ( t = 01206, P = 01757),, ( t = 01855, P = 01419), ( Z = 21117, P = 01041), ( t = 11166, P = ( Z = 21270, P = 01037) (1) 01249) ( t = 01121, P = 01903) ( t = 11561, P = 01236) ( t = 01466, P = 1 ( ) Table 1 Body weight and organ weights of experimental and control female adult rat2like hamsters ( Mean SD) Initial body weight (g) 3 t2test, P < 0105, n = 10. Final body weight (g) Spleen (mg) Adrenal (mg) Flank gland (mg) Uterus (g) Ovary (mg) 145197 15111 14219 1619 15113 6919 2010 318 10617 5011 1188 0108 1812 7120 153114 20122 15111 2215 14110 3615 2010 615 7119 2415 3 2106 0106 1716 7104 2 ( ) Table 2 Body weights of experimental and control immature rat2like hamsters ( Mean SD) Group Sample size Initial body weight (g) Final body weight (g) Males Females 12 60127 7144 66139 8186 d 11 59122 11147 aa 72185 16100 aa, d 9 58172 6157 bb 69147 8107 bb, e 8 61125 8184 c 77173 17159 c, e ( ) ( ) The means in a row or column marked by the same superscript letter are significantly different at 0105 (one letter) or 0101 (double letters) level, using t2test.
54 1 50 01710) ; P = 01350 ; : t = 11085 P = 01290) ( t = 21177, P = 01041) (1) 212 P = 01599), ( : t = ( t = 11959, P 21278, P = 01034 ; : t = 21461, P = 01024) = 01076) ;, ( : t = 21160 ; P = 01044 ; : t = ( t = 31941, P = 01003) ; ( t = (3) 21462, P = 01033),, ( : t = 01190, ( t = 41801, P = 01001), ( t = P = 01852 ; : t = 01448, P = 01661) 31370, P = 01012), ( : t = 01380, P = 01709 ; : t = ;, 11036, P = 01316) ( : t = 01875, P ( t = 21330, P = 01039) (2) ( : t = 01740, P = 01471 ; : t = 01184,, ( : t = 11357, P = 01857) P = 01198 ; : t = 01947, P = 01354) ( : t = ( : t = 01065, P = 01948 ; : t = 01461, P = 01650) ( : t = 01957 ; ( : t = 11369, P = 01187 ; : t = 01533, 21108 ; P = 01049) = 01396 ; : t = 01682, P = 01506) 21347, P = 01036 ; : t = 21183, P = 01048) (3) 3 ( ) Table 3 Organ weights of experimental and control immature rat2like hamsters ( Mean SD) ( 100 ) Absolute weight Relative weights (mg) in 100 g of body weight Sex Organs Male Speen (mg) Adrenal gland (mg) Falnk gland (mg) ) Mid2ventral gland (mg Testis (g) Epididymis (mg) Female Speen (mg) Adrenal Gland (mg) Flank gland (mg) Ovary (mg) Uterus (mg) 43151 16196 51123 8159 65100 22158 73117 18131 12108 2170 12115 2150 18135 4128 17141 5150 16121 8178 34105 24134 3 24120 11107 42155 21189 3 12119 10160 7196 7180 18178 20116 11133 10199 11315 1101 2100 1117 2105 1464 2135 1117 80105 42108 182195 152109 3 120111 64171 227136 154183 3 52147 16153 54110 18195 74170 18190 70130 21162 11120 1151 10195 1116 16141 3121 14170 3160 24139 7189 46181 76193 35151 12143 50174 65194 19129 7164 22125 8188 27168 10198 28157 8181 23161 5175 69190 51181 3 33171 8181 87113 63193 3 3 P < 0105, t2test.
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