2004, 12 (1) :155-163 Ξ Biodiversity Science (,,, 100871) : ( Quercus liaotungensis) ( Q. dentata) - ( Q. acutissim a) 43, TWINSPAN CCA, :, TWINSPAN, 7 CCA, ;,,, :, TWINSPAN,CCA, : Q948 : A : 1005-0094(2004) 01-0155 - 09 Community structures and species composition of oak f orests in mountain2 ous area of Beijing WU Xiao2Pu, WAN G Zhi2Heng, CU I Hai2Ting and FAN G Jing2Yun Depart ment of Ecology, College of Envi ron mental Sciences, Center f or Ecological Research & Edu2 cation, and Key L aboratory f or Earth S urf ace Processes of the M inist ry of Education, Peking U ni2 versity, Beiji ng 100871 Abstract : Using TWINSPAN and CCA, we analyzed species composition and community structure of Q uercus liaot ungensis and Q. dentata2q. acutissi m a mixed forests based on 43 plots from Mt. Dongling, Mt. Dahaituo and Labagoumen regions, Beijing area. Community structures of all the oak forest s were simple but varied greatly in different communities. The result s of TWINSPAN classifica2 tion indicated that these 43 plots were clustered into 7 groups based on the flora composition of canopy layer. CCA ordination demonst rated a significant relationship between Axis 1 and altit ude, indicating t he importance of temperat ure in determining community composition. On t he ot her hand, Axis 2 showed significant correlation wit h aspect, which suggested humidity may play a key role in communi2 ty assembly. The consistent result s of classification and ordination emp hasized t he importance of envi2 ronmental factors in shaping community st ruct ure and species composition. The species richness of these communities was low, which likely resulted from the intensive human disturbance in this area. Key words : CCA ordination, environmental factors, species diversity, TWINSPAN classification, (, 1985 ;, 7. 25 hm 2, 1980) ( Q uercus 44. 4 %, 94. 6 %(, liaot ungensis) 3 ( Q. variabilis),1991) ; ( Q. dentata),, Ξ : (49971002 40228001) : 2003-06 - 12 ; : 2003-09 - 10 :,,1977,, E2mail : wuxiaopu @pku. edu. cn 3 Wu & Raven (1999), Quercus liaot ungensis, Q. w utanshanica Q. mongolica,
156 Biodiversity Science 12,,,, 12, 0 4500-4600 500 m,, (,1994 ; 0 3900-4500 ; 500 m,1995 ;,2001),, 3800 (,1985 ;,,1998) 3000 -,, 2 1,, 2, 0 2 (,1990),,,, ;, ( 1) -,, 43 1 Fig. 1 The location and topography of the study area
1 : 157 2 Fig. 2 Climate diagrams of selected stations in the study area 30 %,, ( Ixeris sonchif olia ) ( A rtemisia gmelinii) ( L espedez a f loribunda), ( L ysi m achia barystachys ) ( A rundinella 1000 m hi rta) ( Cleistogenes caespoitosa),1000 m ( S podiopogon sibi ricus) 30 % - 90 %, 2 ( Fraxinus rhynchophylla), ( A cer mono) ( Tilia mongolica), 211 ( Bet ula dahurica) ( Popul us davidiana) ( Tilia m andshurica) 40 %, ( L espedez a 20 m 20 m, bicolor) ( S pi raea pubescens) ( S pi raea t rilobata), 10 m 10 m, 30 %, ( S aussurea 3 1 m 1 m mongolica) ( S aussurea nivea) ( Carex humilis var. nana ) ( Carex ; lanceolata) ( S anguisorba of f icinalis) ; ( Thalict rum minus var. hypoleucum ) ( Calam agrostis arundinacea ) ( A t ractylodes lancea) ( B upleurum chinense) - (Area) (Lat. ) 400 m, ( Alt. ) ( Slope) ( Aspect ), ( H max ) (D max ) (BA), 6-7 m, (N) ( 1) 0. 4, ( Koel reuteria paniculata), ( Pinus tabulaef ormis) Wiener ( H ) Pielou ( E) 45 %, ( V itex negundo var. heterophylla) ( Grew ia biloba) 2. 2. 2 ( Prunus sibi rica) ( Rham nus globosa ), 212 2. 2. 1 Shannon2 (2004)
158 Biodiversity Science 12
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160 Biodiversity Science 12 11. 4 m, ( TWINSPAN) 20 m, 24. 1 cm, ( Hill, 1979) 24, 1 1-0. 5 0. 5-0. 2 0. 2-0. 01 < 0. 01, 5 3-108 191, ( CCA) ( Ter Braak, 1986) 27 ; (17 ) (16 ) (11 ) (10 ) (8 ), TWINSPAN PC2ORD,,, CCA CANOCO 2. 2. 3, 312, PC2ORD 3. 2. 1 ( S ), Pielou ( E), Shan2 non2wiener ( H ) Simpson ( D) ), + (, : ), + + IV t = /, + +, +, + : 3. 2. 2 CCA IV s = ( + + ) / 3 (Alatalo, 1981) 3 311 1, 7746 / hm 2, 692 / hm 2, (, 1999) 3000 / hm 2 7, (BA) ; 1000-2000 / hm 2, ( r = 0. 168, P > 0. 05),, 13 14 25 28, 48 ; TWINSPAN 3, 7, : ( + CCA,, 3 TWINSPAN Fig. 3 TWINSPAN diagram of the plots, The numbers in the figure are plot numbers, as in Table 1.,
1 : 161 2 CCA Table 2 The correlation coefficients between CCA ordination axes and environmental factors AX1 AX2 AX3 Total inertia Cumulative ratio ( %) Altitude - 0. 912 33-0. 032 0. 048 20. 5 Slope - 0. 043-0. 170-0. 476 33 23. 2 Aspect 0. 188-0. 539 33 0. 226 25. 0 Eigenvalues 0. 807 0. 106 0. 069 3. 931 33 P < 0. 01 4 CCA ( a, 1) Fig. 4 CCA ordinations of main community types and canopy layer species ( The numbers in Fig. 4a are plot numbers, as in Table 1) QueLia ; Quercus liaotungensis ; QueAcu, Q. acutissim a ; QueDen, Q. dentata ; QueVar, Q. variabilis ; AceMon, Acer mono ; AmyDav, Prunus davidiana ; ArmSib, Prunus sibirica ; BetDah, Betula dahurica ; Bet Pla, B. platyphylla ; Car Tur, Carpinus turcz aninow ii ; FraRhy, Fraxinus rhynchophylla ; J ugman, J uglans m andshurica ; KoePan, Koel reuteria paniculata ; LarPri, L arix principis2rupprechtii ; Pin Tab, Pinus tabulaef ormis ; PopDav, Populus davidiana ; PryBet, Pryus betulaef olia ; PryBre, P. bretschneideri ; PryUss, P. ussuriensis ; RobPse, Robinia pseudoacacia ; SyrPub, Syringa pubescens ; TilMon, Tilia mongoli2 ca ; UlmDav, Ul m us davidiana ; UlmMac, U. m acrocarpa, 2, CCA : -, -,, ; : 5 25. 0 % 3 6 7 8, 4a 43 ;,,,, TWINSPAN,, ; ( 4b), ;, :
162 Biodiversity Science 12,, ;,, ; (2) TWINSPAN TWINSPAN 7, 312 300 m 1, ; ;,,, 1-12, ;,, (3) CCA TWINSPAN 1,, 6,, H D E ;,, H D E 2,, 0, 2, 14 16 23 (4), ( 13 14), ( 15-17),,,,, Alatalo,R. V. 1981. Problems in the measurement of evenness, 19 30 31 32 38 Chen, L. Z. ( ), Bao, X. C. ( ) and Chen, Q.,,, area. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica ( ), 9 (2) : 102-111. (in Chinese),, Chen, L. Z. ( ), Bao, X. C. ( ), Chen, Q. L. ; ( ), Hu, Y. H. ( ), Kong, F. Z. (,,, tion ecology in Tianjin and Beijing region. In : Institute of 4 700 m, - in ecology. Oikos, 37 : 199-204. L. ( ). 1985. Oak forest in Beijing mountainous ) and Miu, Y. G. ( ). 1990. Study on vegeta2 Botany and Institute of Zoology, CAS (eds. ), S tudy on the Biology and Ecology in Tianjin and Beijing Region ( ). Marine Press, Beijing, 1-14. (in Chinese), : Editorial Committee of Vegetation of China (1 2 (1), ) 1000-2000 / hm 2, 1980. V egetation of China ( ). Sci2, ence Press, Beijing., Fang, J. Y. ( ), Shen, Z. H. ( ), Tang, Z., Y. ( ) and Wang, Z. H. ( ). 2004. The
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